Kana mumwe munhu akati 'simbi isina tsvina,' vanhu vazhinji vanobva vangofungidzira zvinhu zvinopenya, zvisina ngura mukicheni yavo. Munyika yekuwana uye machining, zvinogara zvakadaro Austenitic simbi isina tsvina, kazhinji magiredhi 304 kana 316. Asi heino yekutanga gomba rakajairika: kufungidzira ese austenitics akagadzirwa akaenzana nebasa. Ndakaona madhirowa akawandisa achingotaura zvisina tsvina uye anotisiya tichifembera, izvo zvinotungamira kuhurukuro, kana zvakanyanya, kufona kumashure. Iyo yakakwira nickel uye chromium yemukati inopa iyo corrosion kuramba uye inoita kuti ive isiri-magnetic, chokwadi, asi machinability? Ndiyo nyaya yakasiyana. Iyo gummy, inoshanda-inoomesa sekupenga kana ukasangwarira nemafudi ako uye nekumhanya, uye iyo yakanaka yekupedza yepasi inodiwa nemunhu wese inoda maitiro ehungwaru, kwete chete chakapinza chishandiso.
Iyo Foundry Floor Reality: Kukanda Austenitic Grades
Kuikanda imhando yeunyanzvi pachayo. Pachitoro chedu, tinobata nekudyara kwakawanda uye kukanda magokoro ezvakaoma zvinhu. Kudira austenitic alloy seCF8M (iyo yakakandwa yakaenzana ne316) haina kufanana nekudira kabhoni simbi. Iyo fluidity yakasiyana, iyo shrinkage inonyanya kutaurwa, uye iwe unofanirwa kuve wakangwarira zvakanyanya nezve inclusions. Takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma kare nebhechi remiviri yevharuvhu yemutengi wemugungwa. Iwo ma specs akadaidzira kumanikidza kutendeseka, asi isu takanga tine mashoma mayunitsi akakundikana hydro bvunzo. Mushure mekupatsanura, takawana micro-shrinkage porosity yakanga isingaonekwe pamusoro peiyo radiography. Nyaya yacho? Yakanga isiri iyo certs yemidziyo - yaive yakanaka - yaive gating yedu uye kusimuka dhizaini yeiyo chaiyo geometry. Isu taishandisa patani yaishanda zvakanakisa kusimbi yekabhoni asi yakavhunga nzira yekudyisa yeaustenitic yekuomesa maitiro.
Ndiyo nyaya yacho Austenitic simbi isina tsvina mukukanda: haugone kungokopa-namira maitiro kubva kune dzimwe mhuri dzenyama. Iyo yakakwira alloy yemukati inoshandura zvese nezve kuti simbi inoyerera sei uye inotonhorera. Isu taifanira kudzokera kumashure, kutevedzera kusimba zvakare neiyo chaiyo yekupisa paramita yegiredhi chairo, uye kugadzirisazve hurongwa hwekudyisa. Yakawedzera akati wandei ekuwedzera muzvikamu zvinokatyamadza. Yakagadzirisa dambudziko, asi zvakatidyira nguva uye mashoma akanaka ingots ezvinyorwa. Yakarovera muchikwata iyo isina tsvina mudhirowa inoda kuuya neimwe giredhi, uye kunyangwe ipapo, yedu process engineering inofanirwa kugadzirwa.
Apa ndipo pane basa renguva refu mune imwe nzvimbo. Kambani yakadai Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), neanopfuura makumi matatu emakore ekukandira uye kugadzira, yakavaka yakadzama raibhurari yeaya madiki, egiredhi-chaiwo maitiro paramita. Hachisi chinhu chaunowana mubhuku; iri mumatanda kubva kumabasa apfuura, zvinyorwa kubva kune vanogadzira choto, zvigadziriso zvishoma izvo vanogadzira mapatani vanoziva kuita. Pavanoti vanonyanya kubata zvinhu zvinosanganisira simbi isina tsvina uye alloys akakosha, ihwo hunyanzvi hausi hwekungove nekuve nechoto - ndezvekuva neruzivo rwakaunganidzirwa, kazhinji rwakawanwa rwekuti ungawana sei ruzha rwekukanda kubva kusimbi yemvura kusvika pakupedzwa chimiro pasina hurema hwakavanzwa.
Machining: Apo Dzidziso Inosangana NeChip
Kana kuikanda inyanzvi, kuigadzira isainzi yakarangwa ine nzvimbo yakawanda yekukanganisa. Kushanda-kuomesera maitiro e austenitic steels ane ngano. Unogona kutora kucheka kwakaringana, asi kana chishandiso chako chikarembera kana kukwesha, iwe uchangobva kugadzira nzvimbo yakaoma kupfuura kucheka kwechokushandisa chako, uchivimbisa kupera kwakaparara uye kuisirwa chiputi pane inotevera pass. Ndinoyeuka ndichigadzira basa reCNC kune 316L flange pamushini mutsva. Mugadziri akashandisa parameters kubva kune yakafanana-inotaridzika kabhoni simbi chikamu. Chikamu chekutanga chaiita sechakanaka, asi chechitatu, nzvimbo yacho yakanga ichibvaruka, uye mudziyo wairidza mhere. Taifanira kumira, kuongororazve zvose.
Chinokosha kudzora kupisa uye kuchengetedza kunoenderana, yakanaka chip evacuation. Inotonhorera haisi yekutonhodza chete pano; ndeyekuzora nekugezesa iyo tambo, yakaoma chip isati yaputirwa neworkpiece kana chishandiso. Isu takachinjira kune yakawedzera hukasha, inopinza geometry yekuisa neyakatsaurirwa simbi isina tsvina, takadonhedza kumhanya zvishoma, uye tikawedzera chikafu kuti tipinde pasi pebasa-rakaomeswa layer kubva kune yakachekwa yapfuura. Husiku nemasikati musiyano. Machipisi akachinja kubva kublue, matendere eshiri akamonereka kuita mumonero wesirivha wakanaka. Kupedzwa kwepamusoro kwakabva kune ragged Ra 3.2 kuenda kuRa 1.6 yakachena.
Iyi ndiyo inoshanda, maoko-on tuning inotsanangura chaiyo machining kugona. Ndosaka chitoro chichiti CNC machining hunyanzvi hunoda kuenderana nezvinhu. Chero ani zvake anogona kumhanya aluminium nekukurumidza. Kumhanya 316 kana 304 zvine mutsindo, nekushivirira kwakasimba uye kunaka kwepamusoro kutendeseka, kunyanya pane dzakatetepa-madziro castings uko iwe usingakwanise kusungirira zvakanyanya nekutya kukanganisa, ndiyo bhenji. Zvinoda nyanzvi dzinonzwisisa maitiro echinhu, kwete G-code chete.
Iyo Alloy Nuances: Kwete Yese 304 ingori 304 chete
Imwe nhanho ndiyo misiyano yakavanzika mukati memhuri ye austenitic. Tora 304 maringe ne304L. Iyo 'L' inoreva kabhoni yakaderera, kunyanya kurwisa kunzwisiswa-kuumbwa kwechromium carbides pamiganhu yezviyo panguva yewelding kana kuratidzwa kwekushisa kwepamusoro, izvo zvinopedza chromium yemuno uye inouraya kusaita ngura. Kune chikamu chichave chakashongedzwa post-machining, kutsanangura 304 pachinzvimbo che304L iko kukanganisa kwakakosha. Ndakazviona zvichiitika. Mutengi akapa zvitupa zvake zvemabhawa 304 emusangano wakashongedzwa. Takachigadzira, vakachipinza, uye mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, chakanga chatsemuka zvakanaka munzvimbo dzakakanganiswa nokupisa munzvimbo yaipisa. Izvo zvinhu zvaive zvekufungidzira, asi zvisiri izvo zvekushandisa.
Ipapo kune akakosha austenitics, senge epamusoro-molybdenum mamakisi (316, 317) enzvimbo dzechloride, kana mamakisi akagadzikana se321 ane titanium. Imwe neimwe michina yakasiyana zvishoma. 321, semuenzaniso, ine iyo titanium inclusions iyo inogona kushatisa pamaturusi. Unofanira kuzvidavirira nokuda kwaizvozvo. Kana zvinyorwa zvekambani zvekambani zvinosanganisira special alloys senge nickel-based, zvinowanzoreva kuti vakafanirwa kufambisa aya nuances. Mafungiro nemaitiro ekushandisa anotanga kupindirana. Iko kutarisisa kune zvakadzama kunodiwa kune Inconel kunobatsira zvakananga machining eanonyengera austenitic tsvina.
Izvi zvinosvika pamusimboti werutsigiro rwekusarudza zvinhu. Mushandi akanaka wekugadzira haangotore odha; vanofanira kukwanisa kuona izvi zvingangoitika zvekushandisa zvisina kufanana. Kana kudhirowa kwechikamu chepombi yemvura yegungwa kuchidaidza 304, panofanira kusimudzwa mureza, nhaurirano yakatanga. Pamwe 316 inodiwa, kana pamwe duplex isina tsvina kune simba riri nani. Iyo yekutaurirana layer inozvarwa nekuona zvinhu zvichitadza uye kubudirira mumunda.
Kubva paRaw Casting kusvika Yakapedzwa Chikamu: Iyo Yakabatanidzwa Dambudziko
Muedzo chaiwo unouya kana iwe uchibata iyo kukosha kweketani, senge goko rekukandira iro rinobva rada chaiyo CNC machining pazviso zvakakomba uye mabhora. Iyo as-cast pamusoro peaustenitic simbi ine chikero chakaoma, oxidized uye decarburized layer. Yako yekutanga machining pass inofanirwa kudzika zvakakwana kuti upinde pasi pezvese izvo, kuchenesa, simbi inonzwika. Kana kukanda kwako kuine musiyano mudiki, chirongwa chako cheCNC chinoda mvumo kune izvo. Isu takabatanidza maitiro ekuongorora pamakina edu kuti tiwane chaiyo stock pane datum kumeso kusati kwazara kutenderera kusati kwatanga. Inowedzera imwe miniti kunguva yekutenderera asi inochengetedza chikamu kubva pakubvarura nekuti kucheka kwaive kwakanyanyisa kudzika panzvimbo yakaderera.
Kubatanidzwa uku kunobatsira zvikuru. Panzvimbo yakaita seQSY, uko maitiro e shell mold casting, Investment casting,uye CNC machining dziri pasi pedenga rimwe chete, iyo loop yemhinduro ipfupi. Chikwata chekugadzira chinogona kuudza iyo yekutanga kana ivo vachigara vachiwana nzvimbo yakaoma mune imwe nzvimbo yekukanda, iyo inogona kunongedza kune inotyisa nyaya mukuumbwa. Iyo inowanikwa inogona kugadzirisa maitiro ekukanda kuti ipe inowirirana, inogoneka yekutanga nzvimbo. Iyi synergy yakakosha kune zvinhu zvinonetsa kune zvese fomu uye kucheka.
Inobvumirawo kubata kwakanyanya kwepedyo-net-shape casting. Kune austenitic stainless chikamu, iwe unoda kudzikisa huwandu hweanodhura alloy iwe unofanirwa kushandura kuita machipisi. Nekukanda padhuze nechimiro chekupedzisira uye kungogadzira iyo yakakosha nzvimbo, unochengetedza huwandu hukuru hwemutengo wezvinhu uye nguva yemuchina. Asi izvi zvinoda kurongeka kunoshamisa pakati pedhizaini yekukanda pateni uye kuseta kweiyo machining zvigadziriso. Iwo mutambo wepamusoro-soro wekugadzira zvinogoneka chete neyakadzama, mhiri-maitiro hunyanzvi.
Mifungo Yokupedzisira: Remekedza Mashoko
Saka, chii chinotorwa mushure memakore ekushanda nacho? Austenitic simbi isina tsvina imhuri inoshamisa yezvinhu, asi inoda ruremekedzo. Haisi yekudonhedza-mukati inotsiva simbi dzakapfava. Kubudirira kwayo mukushandisa kunotsamira pazvinhu zvitatu: kusarudza giredhi rakakodzera renzvimbo yebasa, kushandisa nzira yekugadzira (sekukanda) yakanangana nemaitiro ayo ekusimbaradza, uye kuita machining zano rinobvuma yakasarudzika yekucheka mechanics. Tora chero ipi yeaya asina kunaka, uye yakanakisa corrosion kuramba uye kuomarara kwawakabhadhara kungasazoitika muchikamu chekupedzisira.
Iwo makambani anogara achiunza zvakanaka austenitic stainless components haasi ekutora-odha chete. Ivo vanogadzirisa matambudziko vane granular nzwisiso yesimbi uye maitiro ekudyidzana. Ivo vanobvunza mibvunzo nezve yekupedzisira-kushandiswa, ivo vane nhoroondo yedata yekudzivirira yakapfuura misungo, uye ivo vane-mumba kugona kugadzirisa akawanda matanho ekugadzira mukonti. Ndiyo tsananguro chaiyo yehunyanzvi mundima iyi - ishoma nezve runyorwa rwemidziyo uye zvimwe nezve yakaunganidzwa, hungwaru hunoshanda hunoshandiswa kune chero basa rinouya nepamusuwo.
Pakupedzisira, zvinosvika pakubata zvinhu semubatsiri ane hunhu hwayo, kwete chete chinhu chinogadzirwa. Paunoita izvozvo, unovhura kugona kwayo kuzere, uye ndizvo zvinoparadzanisa chikamu chinoshanda kubva kune chakavimbika, chinogara kwenguva refu. Ndicho chinangwa, zvakadaro. Tichiri kudzidza matipi matsva pese panodhinda dhinda padhesiki.
