Kana vanhu vachitaura nezvazvo kabhoni simbi yekukanda mari yekukanda zvikamu, chinhu chekutanga chinowanzouya mupfungwa chakachipa, chiri nyore zvikamu. Ndiyo pfungwa isiriyo yakajairika. Muchokwadi, nzira yekabhoni simbi inonyengera. Iyo fluidity haina kunaka semamwe alloys, uye kuwana iyo yepamusoro kupera pasina hurema senge slag inclusions kana kutonhora kuvharwa kunoda yakanyatso dialed-in process. Haisi yekungodira simbi mugoko receramic; ndezve kudzora zvese kubva pa dewaxing cycle kusvika pakupisa kurapwa kubata iyo yekupedzisira microstructure. Ndakaona mapurojekiti akawanda achigumburwa nekuatora sechinhu chekutengesa.
Iyo Core Dambudziko: Haisi Chete Simbi
Ngatitorei zvakananga. Carbon steel inovhara zvakasiyana-siyana. Iyo yakapfava 1020 simbi yekukandira yebhuraketi inoita zvakasiyana zvachose panguva yekusimba kana ichienzaniswa nechikamu che1045 kana 4130 chakagadzirirwa basa rinotakura mutoro. Iyo kabhoni yemukati inokanganisa zvakananga shrinkage, zvinodiwa zvekudya, uye njodzi yekupisa kubvaruka. Iwe haugone kushandisa iyo yakafanana gating uye yekusimuka sisitimu mukati mebhodhi. Pakutanga, takanga tine batch yemapuleti anokwirisa, epakati kabhoni giredhi, airamba achitsemuka pedyo negedhi mushure mekupisa kupisa. Dambudziko rakanga risiri kurapwa kwacho; chaive chekuti dhizaini yegedhi yakagadzira nzvimbo yekushushikana iyo yakangozviratidza mushure mekudzima. Taifanira kudzoka, kugadzirisa zvakare mumhanyi system kuti ive inoregerera, uye kugadzirisa tembiricha yekudira. Yakawedzera vhiki kunguva yekutungamira, asi yakagadzirisa nyaya.
Apa ndipo panobhadhara ruzivo nezvezvinhu. Chitoro chinongoitwa chisina tsvina chinogona kunetsa nekuti madhirimu anopisa akasiyana. Semuyenzaniso, kabhoni simbi ine yakakwira yekupisa conductivity kupfuura magiredhi mazhinji asina tsvina, zvinoreva kuti simbi inorasikirwa nekupisa nekukurumidza muzvikamu zvitete zvegoko. Kana tembiricha yako yekupisa preheat isina kugadziridzwa - uye ndinoreva kuti yakagadziridzwa iyo chaiyo giredhi uye chikamu geometry - iwe unozopedzisira uine mistruns. Ndinoyeuka muviri wevharuvhu watakataura; mutengi akapa chidhindo chakagadzirirwa kukanda jecha. Isu taifanira kuraira akakosha kukora kwemadziro edzi uye dhizaini magadzirirwo ekona kuti iite kuti ishande pakukandira kwekudyara mune kabhoni simbi. Vakasundidzira kumashure pakutanga, asi ongororo yechinyorwa chekutanga yakasimbisa pfungwa yacho.
Imwe pfungwa yakavanzika ndeye deoxidation tsika. Simbi yekabhoni inowanzoita oxidation panguva yekunyunguduka, izvo zvinotungamira kumapini uye kukanganiswa kwepasi pevhu kana isina kunyatsogadziriswa. Idanho riri nyore kufuratira kana uchimhanya. Isu tinoshandisa musanganiswa wealuminium uye calcium-silicon yekupedzisira deoxidation, asi iyo chaiyo huwandu hunoenderana nekunyunguduka kuongororwa. Iko hakuna imwe-saizi-inokodzera-yese resipi, ndosaka kuve ne-mumba ma spectrometers kunenge kusinga taurike kune hunoenderana mhando mu. kabhoni simbi yekukanda mari yekukanda zvikamu.
Iyo Shell System Dhanzi
Iyo Ceramic shell haisi chigadziko chisingaiti. Kudyidzana kwayo nekabhoni simbi kwakakosha. Kune zvikamu zvepamusoro-soro, isu tinowanzo simuka kubva kune yakajairwa fused silica slurry yemajasi ekutanga kana tichibata neakakwira kabhoni mamakisi. Iko kupisa kwekuwedzera kusawirirana kunogona kunetsa, zvichitungamira kune veining kana kunyange goko rakatsemuka panguva yekudira. Isu takave nemhedzisiro yakanaka ine zircon-yakavakirwa primary system kune mamwe anodiwa geometries. Inodhura zvakanyanya, chokwadi, asi inoderedza chiyero chezvimedu pazvikamu zvakaoma zvikuru.
Shell permeability ndeimwe knob yekutendeuka. Carbon simbi inodururwa inowanzo gadzira mamwe magasi kubva kumabhainda nemasara. Kana goko rikasatendera iwo magasi kutiza zvakaringana, iwe unowana gasi porosity. Takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma nenhevedzano yemapombi epombi. Zvikamu zvaitaridzika zvakanaka kunze, asi X-ray yakaratidza clustered porosity muhub. Kugadziriswa kwacho kwaive kugadzirisa saizi yejecha restucco uye nharaunda yekuomesa pakati pemajasi kuti igadzire yakavhurika ganda chimiro. Zvinonzwika zviri nyore, asi kufona mukuita ikoko kwakatora ingangoita mwedzi miviri yekuedzwa kunomhanya.
Zvadaro pane danho rekubvisa waxing. Nekabhoni simbi, iwe unofanirwa kungwarira kuti usatsemure goko kubva pakupisa kwekutyisa panguva ye autoclaving kana flash kupfura, kunyanya munguva yechando. Goko rakatsemuka ( cracked deko) zvinoreva kupera, njodzi, uye nyonga nyonga. Maitiro edu zvino anosanganisira inodzorwa pre-kupisa nzvimbo yemateko asati apinda mu autoclave, chimwe chinhu chatakaita mushure mekurasikirwa nemuti wese wezvikamu mamwe mangwanani anotonhora. Aya ndiwo maitiro emaitiro, anowanzo zvarwa kubva mukukundikana, anoparadzanisa akavimbika mutengesi kubva paavhareji imwe.
Machining uye Kupedzisa: Iyo Yakavanzika Mutengo
Vazhinji vatengi vanotarisa pamutengo wekukanda pakirogiramu asi kanganwa basa rezasi. Carbon simbi yekukanda mari yekukanda zvikamu kazhinji inobuda ine yakanaka yepamusoro kupedzisa, asi inenge nguva dzose inoda mamwe machining. Iyo as-cast pamusoro kuomarara kunogona kusaenderana, uye kune mating nzvimbo kana maburi ane threaded, unoda yakachena, chaiyo kubviswa zvinhu. Apa ndipo apo kubatanidzwa nechitoro chemuchina kunova mukana wakakura.
Tora kambani yakafanana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Vave vari mukugadzira uye kugadzira kweanopfuura makore makumi matatu. Iko kusanganisa kwakamira kwakakosha. Kana isu tichigadzira kabhoni simbi giya dzimba, semuenzaniso, isu tave kutofunga nezve CNC machining setup. Isu tinogona kuwedzera mashoma ekuwedzera stock pachiso cheflange asi zvimwe pane bolt hole pads kuve nechokwadi chekuchenesa. Isu tinogadzira iyo yekukanda ine machining datums mupfungwa. Kana kukanda uye kugadzira kuchiitwa mumafekitori akasiyana, unoisa panjodzi yekushivirira-up uye mapundu ekutaurirana. Panzvimbo yakaita seQSY, kupi Investment casting uye CNC machining ari pasi pedenga rimwe, injinjiniya yekukandira inogona kufamba ichienda kune timu yekugadzira kuti ienderane pachirongwa chekugadzirisa. Inoderedza nguva yekutungamira uye inovandudza mhando yekupedzisira.
Post-casting heat treatment ndiyo imwe nzvimbo inopinda machining considerations. Annealing or normalizing is standard to relieve stress and improve machinability. Asi kana iwe ukapfavisa zvinhu, unowana gummy machipi anovhara maturusi. Kana iwe ukachirapa zvishoma, unopfeka makucheka nekukurumidza. Isu tinowanzo tarisira kuomarara kweBrinell mune imwe hwindo, toti 180-220 HB, zvichienderana nekabhoni yemukati uye kugona kwemutengi kugadzira. Icho chiito chekuenzanisa. Isu tinopa bvunzo makuponi nebatch yega yega inopisa kuitira kuti machining aone kuomarara vasati vatanga kucheka zvikamu chaizvo.
Kana Ichishanda, uye Kana Isingashande
Investment inokandira mucarbon simbi inopenya kune zvikamu zvine mavhesi emukati akaomarara, akaomesesa ekunze maficha, kana ayo anoda yakanaka kupedzwa kwepamusoro angave anodhura muchina kubva kubhawa stock. Funga miviri ye hydraulic valve, mashizha madiki eturbine, kana zvikamu zvepfuti. Iyo yepedyo-net-shape kugona inochengetedza huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu uye machining maawa.
Zvisinei, haisi mhinduro yezvose. Kune yakakura kwazvo, yakakura, zvimiro zviri nyore, kukanda jecha kunodhura zvakanyanya. Mutengo wekushandisa wekudyara mari wakakwira. Zvakare, kana dhizaini yechikamu ichi yakareruka-senge cube yakasimba kana kuti danda remubani-uri nani nefogi kana machine stock. Iko kukosha kwekutsvaga kwekudyara kuri mukuoma. Ndakamboita kuti mutengi akumbire quote pane 2-kilogram carbon steel block ine maburi mana chete ane threaded. Takavayambira kuti vatenge chidimbu chendiro vochigadzira muchina. Vaizochengetedza 60% pamutengo uye vowana nekukurumidza. Kutendeseka pamusoro pezvipimo zvemaitiro anovaka kuvimbana kwakawanda pane kuedza kuhwina odha yese.
Kusarudzwa kwegiredhi rezvinhu kwakakosha pano. Kune yakasimbiswa zvakanyanya, inosimba mitoro yekushandisa, yakaderera-alloy simbi senge 4140 kana 4340 inogona kunge iri sarudzo iri nani pane yakajeka kabhoni simbi, kunyangwe mukati mekudyara kwekudyara maitiro. Iko kuoma kuri nani. Isu tinowanzo kuve nenhaurirano idzi nevainjiniya, tichiongorora yavo FEA kana mitoro zvinodikanwa kukurudzira izvo zvinodhura zvakanyanya izvo zvichiri kusangana neiyo spec. Kusundidzira alloy inodhura kana isingadiwi kwakangoipa sekukurudzira yakachipa inotadza.
The Supply Chain Chokwadi
Pakupedzisira, ngatitaure nezve ecosystem. Sourcing inowirirana, yepamusoro-soro yakaderera-sarufa kabhoni simbi bhaa stock kana kudzoreredza kunyunguduka kwakakosha. Traceability zvinhu, kunyanya kune zvikamu zvinopinda mumotokari kana maindasitiri emidziyo. Isu tinochengetedza macerts ekupisa kwese. Iyo yekuwana nharaunda pachayo inoda kudzora - humidity inokanganisa goko, ambient tembiricha inokanganisa kunyungudika. Ibasa remaoko.
Kushanda nemutengesi ane ruzivo kunoita mutsauko. Kambani yakadai QSY, nemakumi emakore ayo mukati shell mold casting uye Investment casting, ingangove yaona uye yakagadzirisa misungo yakawanda yakajairika nesimbi yekabhoni. Vangadai vakagadzira hukama nevashambadziri vezvinhu, maitiro akarongedzerwa emhuri dzakasiyana dzezvikamu, uye mukati meimba. CNC machining kuendesa chikamu chakapedzwa. Iyo yekupedzisira-ku-kuguma kutonga ndiyo inovimbisa kuvimbika kune yekupedzisira mushandisi. Iwe hausi kungotenga yekukanda; uri kutenga ruzivo rwakaunganidzirwa runodzivirira izvo zvinodhura, purojekiti-kunonoka kukundikana.
Pakupedzisira, kubudirira kabhoni simbi yekukanda mari yekukanda zvikamu dzika pasi pakuremekedza zvinhu zvakashongedzwa, hungwaru uye inochinja maitiro, uye kudyidzana kwevatengesi kunodarika kurongeka kwekutenga. Iyo yakasarudzika niche, asi kana iko iko kwakaringana, mhedzisiro yacho yakaoma kurova neimwe nzira yekugadzira.
