Kana mumwe munhu akati 'chikamu chesimbi', vazhinji vanofunga nezvebundu rinorema, dema, dema. Ndiyo yekutanga kusanzwisisa. Muchokwadi, yakagadzirwa zvakanaka chikamu chesimbi inhengo yeinjiniya ine chaiyo microstructure, yakasarudzwa kwete nekuda kwemutengo wakaderera chete asi nekuda kwekunyorovesa kwayo, kusamira kwekusapfeka, uye hongu, kukanda kwayo kwezvimiro zvakaomarara. Hunyengeri hausi pakusarudza kushandisa simbi yakakandwa; zviri mukuziva giredhi ripi—gireyi iron, ductile iron, simbi inoumbika—uye wozofamba nezana resarudzo diki mumusha wokuwana uye muchina wemuchina unoparadzanisa chidimbu chinoshanda kubva pane chinoshanda zvikuru. Ndakaona akawanda madhizaini achitadza nekuti akatsanangura 'cast iron' padhirowa ndokuisiya ikadaro.
Nei Shell Molding iri Mutambo-Changer yePrecision Castings
Kukandira jecha kunoita kuti basa riitwe, asi rekudzokorora uye kupera kwepamusoro chikamu chesimbi batches, shell mold casting inowanzova gamba risina kusimba. Jecha rakavharwa neresin rinoumba goko rakatetepa, rakaomarara rakatenderedza patani, richikupa mhango yakanyatsojeka. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune zvikamu zvinoda zvishoma machining allowance. Tiri kutaura nezve kuchengetedza maawa paCNC gare gare. Panzvimbo yedu, kutsamira zvakanyanya pakuumbwa kwegoko rezvinhu zvakaita senge hydraulic valve body kana pombi dzimba mune grey iron, kuwirirana kubva pachidimbu chekutanga kusvika kuchiuru ndiko kunobhadharwa nevatengi. Iyo inoderedza shanduko mune yakatochinja-inorema maitiro.
Zvakaipa? Maitiro. Isimbi, kazhinji simbi kana simbi, uye inodhura. Kana iwe uri prototyping kana kuita kumhanya kwezvidimbu makumi mashanu, mutengo wepateni unogona kuuraya hupfumi hwepurojekiti. Ndiko kwaunofanirwa kuita runhare rwekutonga: idya mutengo wepateni yekondirakiti yenguva refu, kana kutungamira mutengi kune imwe nzira yenguva pfupi. Haisi nguva dzose hurukuro iri nyore.
Ndinoyeuka basa recompressor bracket, yakaoma chikamu chesimbi nedzimwe mbabvu dzomukati. Iyo yekutanga prototype kubva kune yakasvibira jecha yakawanikwa yaive nenyaya dzekuchinja-macores akafamba zvishoma, achikanda maburi akakosha. Isu takachinjira kune shell molding yekumhanyisa kugadzirwa. Iyo pateni inodhura, asi kubviswa kwe-post-casting rework uye zvimedu zvinopfuura kuzviruramisa. Mutengi akawana chikamu chaigara chakananga nguva dzese. Ndiko kukosha kwakavanzika.
Iyo Machining Dhanzi: Ipo Dzidziso Inosangana Nechekucheka Turusi
Kukandira ihafu yenyaya. A raw casting is near-net-shape blob. Iwo mashiripiti (uye mutengo) unoitika mukugadzira. Kanda michina yesimbi zvakanaka-kana uchiiremekedza. Chimiro chayo chegirafu chinoshanda semafuta, asi girafu rimwe chetero rinoita kuti riome. Iwe unopinda nekupinza nekukurumidza kupfuura nesimbi. Chinokosha kuoma. Chero chatter pa a chikamu chesimbi ichapwanya mupendero, kwete kuupfeka.
Isu tinomhanyisa akawanda Okuma uye DMG MORI CNCs pano, uye nesimbi, isu tinoisa pamberi kugadzikana kwemuchina pane kumhanya chaiko. Inotonhorera zano ndechimwe chinhu. Zvimwe zvitoro zvinopika nemichina yakaoma grey iron; vamwe vanoshandisa mhute. Isu tinowanzo shandisa yakakwira-kumanikidza mafashama inotonhorera, kwete zvakanyanya kutonhodza kucheka (machipisi anotakura kupisa kwakawanda kure), asi kudzora guruva. Hupfu yesimbi yakakandwa zvinhu zvakashata, uye kuichengeta yakagezwa pasi mufiltration system haigone kutaurirana nezvekuchengetedza chitoro uye hupenyu hurefu hwemuchina.
Ipapo ndipo pane kunyaradza kushushikana. Kana kushaiwa. Dambudziko rinowanzoitika kugadzira chikamu mushure mekukanda. Kushushikana kwemukati kubva mukutonhodza kunozozvizorodza ivo pakupedzisira, vachikanganisa chikamu chako chakagadzirwa zvakanaka. Pazviyero zvakakomba, isu tinoshandisa chembere castings - stock yanga yagara kwemwedzi - kana tinovatumira kuburikidza nekudziya kwekushushikana kwekushushikana kutenderera kusati kwapera machining. Inowedzera nguva, asi ndiwo mutsauko pakati pechikamu chinokodzera uye chikamu chinorambwa paQC yemutengi.
Kusarudzwa Kwezvinhu: Haisi Iron Chete
Kutsanangura zvinhu ndipo panoturikirwa chinangwa cheinjiniya. Simbi yeGrey (seKirasi 35 kana 40) yakanakira kudonhedza mvura - funga mabhuroko einjini kana mabhesi ezvishandiso zvemuchina. Asi ine brittle. Ductile iron, ine nodular graphite, ine simba rekusimba uye imwe ductility. Ndeyezvikamu zvinoona kuvhunduka, semagiya kana zvinorema-duty suspension components. Kutora isiriyo idambudziko rekugadzira kukanganisa.
Takashanda nemutengi akambogadzira chikamu chezvekurima chepamusoro uye akataura giredhi regireyi resimbi. Yekutanga bvunzo dzemumunda dzakaguma nenjodzi yekutyoka. Taifanira kudzokera shure, kuongorora kukundikana modhi, uye kukurudzira chinja kune ferritic ductile iron (65-45-12 giredhi). Chikamu chinodhura chakakwira pamwe 15%, asi hupenyu hwemumunda hwakawedzera nechikamu chegumi. Chidzidzo chacho? Iyo yakachipa chikamu chesimbi ndiyo isingakundikani mubasa.
Uye ipapo pane alloys. Dzimwe nguva unoda chigadziko ichocho chesimbi asi nekuwedzera kupisa kana corrosion resistance. Ndipo panouya maaloyi akakosha akaita seNi-Resist kana SiMo ductile iron. Imhuka yakasiyana yekukanda nemichina, ine shrinkage rates inokunyengedza kana wakajaira giredhi. Iri niche basa, asi kune mamwe mavharuvhu uye turbocharger dzimba, ndicho chinhu chega chinoshanda.
Investment Casting yeIron? Iyo Niche application
Vanhu vazhinji vanosanganisa kuisa mari - iyo yakarasika-wax process - nesimbi isina tsvina kana superalloys. Kuishandisa chikamu chesimbi kugadzirwa hakuwanzo, asi kune nzvimbo yayo. Mukana mukuru ndeye geometric kuomarara uye kupedzisa kwepamusoro uko kunyange kuumbwa kwegoko hakugone kubata. Funga nezvechikamu chidiki, chakaoma kunzwisisa chine ndima dzomukati zvisingabviri kuisa pakati nejecha.
Kubata itembiricha. Simbi inodururwa patembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya kudarika simbi zhinji dzinoshandiswa mukukandira mari—kusvika 1370°C zvichikwira. Ndiyo gehena paganda receramic. Iwo mabhomba anofanirwa kugadzirwa zvakasiyana, kazhinji aine zvidimbu zvekuchengetedza uye marefractories akasarudzika kuti amire kuvhunduka kwekushisa uye kudzivirira kupinda kwesimbi. Mari yegoho inogona kunge yakaderera, uye mutengo wakanyanya kukwirira pane jecha-based process.
Isu takazviita kakati wandei, kazhinji kune R&D kana aerospace mapurojekiti ari padyo apo dhizaini yakaoma yakawedzera mutengo. Imwe yaive sensor imba ine yakabatanidzwa yekutonhora labyrinth. Kuchigadzira kubva pakasimba kwakanga kusingabviri, uye shanduro yejecha ingadai yakave isina kugamuchirwa pamusoro pehutsinye mundima. Investment casting yaive nzira chete. Yakashanda, asi yaive maitiro ekugadzirisa nguva dzose nemutengesi wehoko. Kwete zvevasina simba.
Iyo Supply Chain Reality: Kubva Foundry kusvika Yakapedzwa Zvakanaka
Ichi ndicho chikamu chausingadzidzi kuchikoro. Kuita imwe yakakwana chikamu chesimbi mumhoteredzo inodzorwa chinhu chimwe. Kuita 10,000 yavo, pahurongwa, nemhando inowirirana, inotumirwa kubva kuChina kuenda kudura muStuttgart kana Chicago, chimwe chikara zvachose. Zviri pamusoro pekugadzirisa maitiro, logistics, uye kutaurirana.
Kambani yakadai Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) yakashanda kweanopfuura makore makumi matatu nekuti vanonzwisisa pombi iyi. Inyanzvi mune zvese zviri zviviri goko mold uye kukanda mari, pamwe nekuve ne-mumba CNC machining, mukana mukuru. Inogadzira yakavharwa-loop yehutano hwehutano. Iwo machinist anogona kutaura zvakananga kune wekutanga foromani kana vakaona chikanganiso chisingachinji mukukandwa, uye maitiro anogona kugadziridzwa mumazuva, kwete mavhiki. Paunenge uchibata nemidziyo kubva kusimbi yakajairwa uye simbi kusvika kune inonyengera-inonzi nickel-based alloys, iyo yakatwasuka yekubatanidza haisi yeumbozha; chinhu chinodiwa pakuvimbika.
Kukundikana kukuru kwandakaona kwakanga kusiri unyanzvi; vakanga vane logistical. Chikamu chakanaka chakanamira mutsika nekuda kwezvinyorwa zvisina kukwana, kana chitupa chekupisa chakarasika mukududzira. Iye zvino, tinobata mapepa nekuoma kwakafanana nekushivirira kwekugadzira. Chitupa chekuenderana, iyo bvunzo mishumo, yekutanga chinyorwa chekuongorora mapakeji - iwo chikamu chezvinounzwa. Chikamu hachina kupera kusvikira bhokisi uye mapepa asvika pachiteshi.
Saka, paunenge uchitsvaga a chikamu chesimbi, hausi kungotenga simbi. Uri kutenga mukuita, nhevedzano yekutonga uye kugadzirisa, kubva kune metallurgist achisarudza musanganiswa wechaji kune CNC programmer achisarudza chiyero chekudya. Chikamu chinoita sechiri nyore chinenge chisingamboregi. Uye ndizvo zvinoita kuti kuzvigadzirisa kugutse.
