Vanhu vakawanda pavanonzwa ‘mativi esimbi akaumbwa,’ vanofananidzira mapundu anorema, anopwanyika, anoita ngura. Ndiko kusanzwisisa kukuru. Muchokwadi, mavakirwo emazuva ano uye machining maitiro akashandura simbi yakakandwa kuita chinhu chinoshamisa uye chakavimbika. Kiyi haisi kungokandira; ndirwo rwendo rwose kubva kuforoma kusvika kune yakapedzwa, yakagadzirwa nemichina. Ndakaona mapurojekiti akawandisa achikundikana nekuti mumwe munhu akawana yakachipa yekukandira asinganzwisise basa rakakosha rekudzora kutonhora kwemazinga, alloying chaiyo, uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, post-casting machining. Iro ibasa rekupedzisa rinovhura kugona kwechokwadi kwechinhu - kudonhedza kwayo kunyorova, kusapfeka kwayo, kugadzikana kwayo. Ngatitaure pamusoro pekuti nzira iyi inoratidzika sei chaizvo pasi.
Nheyo: Inotanga (Uye Inogona Kupera) NeMold
Iwe haugone kumhanyisa kukanda kwakashata. Zvakanaka, unogona kuedza, asi iwe unopisa kuburikidza nekushandisa uye bhajeti. Sarudzo ye mold process inoraira zvese. Kune akaomesesa, akatetepa-amadziro mativi mumagiredhi epamusoro e ductile iron, isu tinogara takatsamira kwairi shell mold casting. Iko kurongeka kwakaringana kubva kujecha-rakavharwa nejecha rakakwirira kune rechinyakare jecha rakasvibira, zvichipa CNC machinists mukana wekurwa. Iyo yekumusoro kupera kunze kwe mold yakachena, iyo inoderedza imwe yemitengo yakavanzika yakakura: pre-machining kuchenesa. Ini ndinorangarira batch yepombi dzimba uko mutengi akasimbirira pane yakachipa yakachipa yegirinhi jecha sarudzo. Iyo yekuparadzanisa mutsara flash yaive yakaoma uye isina kurongeka zvekuti zvakatora ingangoita 30% kureba kugadzirisa uye kutarisana nechikamu chimwe nechimwe tisati tatombotanga iwo chaiwo machining ops. Mari iya yekuchengeta yakabva yanyangarika ipapo.
Kune akanyanya kuomesesa geometries - funga yemukati chiteshi, undercuts, kana maficha asingagone kuita muchina-Investment casting ndiko kuenda-ku, kunyangwe kune mamwe masimbi alloyed. Maitiro epatani ewakisi anobvumira kuoma uku. Asi heino kubata nesimbi: tembiricha yekudurura uye shrinkage. Kana iyo geti neyekusimuka system isina kugadzirwa nemunhu anonzwisisa simbi chaiyo yekusimba maitiro, iwe unowana shrinkage porosity mumadziro akakosha. Chikamu ichocho chikara. Hapana huwandu hwekugadzira huchagadzirisa chivharo mukati memutoro unotakura flange. Icho chidzidzo chakadzidzwa kubva kune yakakundikana prototype ye hydraulic valve muviri makore apfuura.
Apa ndipo pane chiitiko chemuvambi chisingagone kutaurirana. Kambani yakadai Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), nemakumi emakore avo ekukanda, vanonzwisisa izvi nemukati. Kushanda kwavo kwenguva refu kunoratidza kuti vakafamba nemakomba aya akatarisana nezviuru zvemabhechi. Havangogadziri chiumbwa; ivo vanotarisira metallurgy. For zvikamu zvesimbi, zvinoreva kudzora kabhoni yemukati uye chimiro chainotora-flake graphite yekunyorovesa, nodular graphite yekusimba. Kuwana izvo zvisizvo munhanho yekunyunguduka kunoita kuti chikamu chishaye basa kune charinoda kuita, zvisinei nekunaka kwakaita CNC basa gare gare.
Machining: Iko Chikamu Chacho Chinobuda
Iyi ndiyo nyika yangu. Kukanda mbishi kunosvika, uye i canvas isina chinhu ine zvimbambaira zvakavanzwa. Danho rekutanga rinowanzo pedza stress. Kukandwa kune zvinonetsa mukati. Kana iwe ukachina rimwe divi rakati sandara uye rinorema, unosunungura izvo zvinonetsa uye chikamu chinogona kutenderera husiku. Isu takadzidza kuvaka mumhepo yekudziya yemhando yepamusoro-chaiyo sezviya zvekuronga mabhesi emuchina wekuyeresa. Svetuka, uye kushivirira kwe flatness kwaenda.
Zvadaro kunouya fixturing. Castings haana yunifomu. Iwe hauna yakanaka, milled billet yekusungirira pairi. Iwe unofanirwa kutsvaga dzimwe nguva zvisingaenderane datum maficha kubva mukuumbwa. Isu tinoshandisa shaya dzakapfava dzakagadzirwa kune contour yeyakatarwa yekukanda se-yakandwa pamusoro. Iyo inotora nguva kuseta, asi ndiyo chete nzira yekuve nechokwadi chekuti yako yekutanga kuchekwa inonongedzwa nenzira kwayo kune chikamu chemukati geometry. Kana datum yako yadzimwa nehafu yemirimita pano, kukanganisa uku kunopararira kuburikidza nekuita kwese kunotevera.
Iko kuchekwa pachayo kutamba kune abrasiveness. Iyo graphite musimbi ndeye lubricant, asi iyo yakazara yakaoma pamidziyo. Carbide inoiswa neiyo coating chaiyo uye yakasimba setup inosungirwa. Kutonhodza kwakakosha kwete kungotonhodza chete, asi nekubvisa abrasive micro-chips anogona kucheka zvakare kupinza kana chikamu chepamusoro. Chinangwa chakachena, chinopfuurira chip. Kana iwe uri kuwana guruva kana segmented chips, uri kuuraya chishandiso chako uye kushanda-kuomesa pamusoro, izvo zvinoita kuti inotevera ipfuure zvakanyanya kuoma. Kune iyo yekupedzisa inopfuura pane yekuvharisa pamusoro peiyo ductile iron compressor chikamu, izvi ndizvo zvese. Kutendeseka kwepamusoro kwakakosha sezvakaita dimension.
Iyo Material Matrix: Kwete Yese Iron iGrey uye Chunky
Kudoma simbi yakakandwa kwakafanana nekududza simbi - hazvina zvazvinoreva. Grey iron (Grey iron) yakanakira kunyorovesa uye iri nyore kuita muchina. Ductile iron (Nodular iron) ine simba rekusimba rinosvika simbi, rinoshandiswa ku crankshafts uye high-stress components. Ipapo iwe une mamwe eexotic alloyed irons, senge Ni-Resist yekuramba corrosion. Imwe neimwe michina zvakasiyana.
Takashanda purojekiti yaida mapatsi emagetsi anopisa kwazvo. Iyo spec yakadana nickel-chromium alloyed ductile iron. Iwo machining paramita kubva kune yedu yakajairwa ductile iron zvirongwa aive akadzimwa zvachose. Izvo zvinhu zvinoshanda-zvakaoma zvakanyanya nekukurumidza. Isu taifanira kunonoka kumhanya, kuwedzera chikafu zvishoma kuti tipinde pasi pebasa-rakaomeswa dhizaini, uye kushandisa hutsinye hwekuisa geometry. Kwakanga kuri kuedza nemhosho pazvikamu zvishoma zvekutanga, tichidya mari shoma shoma tisati tafona. Apa ndipo pakakosha ruzivo rwemutengesi. Kana nheyo yavo inogona kubata special alloys senge nickel-yakavakirwa kana cobalt-yakavakirwa, sekureva kweQSY's scope, yavo machining division ingangove ine empirical data kubata inoenderana. zvikamu zvesimbi yakagadzirwa kubva kune ayo alloys. Kuenderera mberi kubva pakunyunguduka kuenda paguyo chinhu chikuru chakanaka.
Kusanganisa zvinhu ndechimwe chokwadi. Zvakajairika kuva neimba yesimbi yakakandwa inoda kupindirana nesimbi isina tsvina kana kuva nebhuronzi yakatsikirirwa mukati. Thermal expansion coefficients inosiyana. Muchina wekutsikirira wakaverengerwa simbi-pa-simbi inogona kuregedzera kana kuti yakasimba zvine ngozi kune iron-on-bronze. Isu takambova nekukanganisa kwakashanda zvakakwana pa20 ° C asi yakabata yakasimba apo gungano rakasvika tembiricha yekushandisa nekuti isu takafuratira izvi. Ikozvino, icheki yakajairwa pakuongorora kwedhirowa.
Hunhu: Iyo Gritty Details Iwe Haugone Kufuratira
Kuongorora kwekuona kunobata kutsemuka kuri pachena kana kuvhara kunotonhora. Asi kutyisidzira chaiko kuri pasi pevhu. Isu tinoshandisa ultrasonic bvunzo yezvikamu zvakakosha kuwana shrinkage kana gasi porosity. Magnetic particle inspection ndiyo yakajairwa kutsemuka kwepasi pazvinhu zvine ferrous senge zvikamu zvesimbi. Izvi hazvisarudzike pakuchengetedza-akakosha zvikamu. Mutengi akambotikumbira kuti tisvetuke NDT kuchengetedza mutengo uye nguva pane batch yebrake caliper brackets. Takaramba. Mhosva yacho haina kufanira. Makore matatu gare gare, chikamu chemukwikwidzi chakakundikana kubva mukubatanidzwa kwejecha kusingaonekwe, uye mhosva yakazoguma yavaita. Kusindimara kwekutanga kwakatiponesa.
Dimensional inspection post-machining imwe nhanho. A CMM yakanaka, asi yekugadzirwa kwepamusoro-soro, geji inoshanda yakagadzirirwa kushivirira kwakakosha inokurumidza. Dambudziko rekukanda nderekuti hausi kungotarisa maficha emuchina; urikuonesawo kuti as-cast maficha (ausina kugadzira) ari mukati mekudhirowa kushivirira kwehamvuropu. Dzimwe nguva, chinhu chakagadzirwa nemuchina chinoitwa chisingabatsiri nekuti mubati asina kugadzirwa anokwira haasi panzvimbo.
Pakupedzisira, kurapwa kwepamusoro. Mazhinji masimbi akakandwa masimbi anowana phosphating kana dema oxide coating yekudzivirira ngura. Maitiro ekugadzira anokanganisa izvi. Kana iwe ukasiya yakanyanya kumanikidzwa, basa-yakaomeswa nzvimbo kubva kune ane hutsinye machining, iyo yekunamatira adhesion inogona kutadza. Kupedza kupfuudza kunoda kusiya nzvimbo yakachena, yekushushikana-inoderedzwa. Iyo nzira yakazara apo nhanho imwe neimwe inozivisa inotevera.
Iye Akabatanidzwa Mutengesi: Nei Iyo Yakazara Maitiro Iine Basa
Izvi zvinondisvitsa pakuona kunoshanda. Iwo mapurojekiti asina musono andakagona anga aine vatengesi vanodzora zvese kukanda uye CNC machining. Kana iyo yekutanga uye shopu yemuchina iri pasi pedenga rimwe, kana zvirinani mukubatana kwakasimba senge nemugadziri akasanganiswa, matambudziko anogadziriswa nekukurumidza. Iwo machinists anogona kudyisa kumashure kune yekutanga: Iyi tambo yekuparadzanisa iri kukonzera kugadzirisa nyaya, kana Tinogona here kuwedzera diki machining padhi pane ino nzvimbo kune iri nani datum? Iyo inowanikwa inogona kugadzirisa mold dhizaini kana gating yeinotevera batch.
Kutarisa paprofile yekambani yakadai QSY's, zvipo zvavo zviviri shell mold casting, Investment casting, uye azere CNC machining pasi pechimwe chinhu chakakosha. Kune injinjini inotsvagira muviri wakaoma ductile iron valve, zvinoreva imwe poindi yemutoro. Chikwata chevagadziri chinoziva kuti chikamu chichagadzirwa, saka vanogona kusiya imwe stock munzvimbo ine hunyanzvi. Chikwata chekugadzira chine mukana wakananga kune vakomana vakaita kukanda kana vakawana kusawirirana. Iyi yakavharwa-loop mhinduro yakakosha pakuvandudza kuenderera uye, kutaura chokwadi, kudzivirira njodzi. Inoshandura kutengeserana kuita kubatana.
Pakupedzisira, akavimbika zvikamu zvesimbi hazvisi zvekutengesa. Icho chigadzirwa cheiyo nuanced, ine ruzivo cheni yezvisarudzo kubva kune alloy kusarudzwa kune mold dhizaini kune machining zano. Musiyano uripo pakati pechikamu chinotadza mumunda uye chinogara kwemakumi emakore chinowanzovanzwa mune idzi gritty, shop-floor details izvo zvisingamboiti kusvika kubhurocha rinopenya. Ndezvekuremekedza hunhu hwezvinhu uye kutonga rwendo rwayo rwese, kwete kungotenga chunk yesimbi nekuicheka.
