Paunoti 'kukanda jecha resimbi', vanhu vazhinji vanofananidzira chivharo chisina kuchena, chinorema kubva mufekitari yemakore ekuma1900. Ndiyo yekutanga kusanzwisisa. Muchokwadi, inzira yehunyengeri inodzikamisa hupfumi, sainzi yezvinhu, uye kuita kwakazara senge pasina chimwe chinhu. Ndiwo musana wezvinhu zvisingaverengeke zvemaindasitiri, kwete nekuti ndiyo 'yakanakisa' mupfungwa yerabhoritari, asi nekuti kazhinji ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka pabasa. Mano hakusi kungoziva kudurura simbi mujecha; kuziva nguva yekuishandisa pamusoro pedzimwe nzira dzakaita segoko rekugadzira kana kuisa mari, uye magadzirisiro ayo ekuzvarwa quirks - shrinkage, dhizaini angles, gating dhizaini inogona kugadzira kana kutyora kuvimbika kwechikamu. Ndakaona magadzirirwo akawandisa achitadza nekuti mumwe munhu akaitora seyakareruka yekudonhedza-in kutsiva yesimbi yekugadzira.
Ijecha Pachezvaro Haisi Nyore Chete
Ngatitange nenheyo: jecha. Jecha regirini, jecha resin-isina-kubikira-chisarudzo pano chinoraira zvese. Zvepamusoro-vhoriyamu, zviri nyore kukanda simbi jecha kukanda zvikamu, jecha rakasvibirira (musanganiswa wejecha resilica, ivhu, nemvura) ndiko kuenda. Yakachipa uye inogona kushandiswazve, asi hunyoro ihondo inogara iripo. Kunyanya kuoma, uye chakuvhe chinopera simba; yakanyanya kunyorova, uye iwe unowana kuputika kweutsi panguva yekudira, ichisiya gasi kuremara pasi pepamusoro pekukanda. Ndinoyeuka boka redzimba dzepombi kwatairohwa nemhepo. Zvakatitorera zuva kuti tizvitsvakire kumashure kune humidity spike munzvimbo yekuchengetera iyo yakashandura musanganiswa wejecha. Zvakaoma izvozvo.
Kuti uwane mamwe majeometri akaomarara kana kuti zvirinani dhimensional kurongeka, isu tinotamira kune-kwete-kubika masisitimu, sefuran kana phenolic urethane. Jecha racho rinosanganiswa neresin yemvura uye catalyst, uye rinorapa zvakaoma. Iyo yekupedzisa ndeyepamusoro, uye iwe unogona kuwana matete madziro. Asi mutengo unosvetuka, uye kudzoreredzwa kwejecha kunowedzera kunetsa - haugone kungoikanda kumashure muller. Panzvimbo yakadai Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), kwavanobata zvese kubva kugoko mold kusvika kuinvestment casting, sarudzo yekuti ndeipi nzira yekushandisa jecha simbi yakakandwa basa rinouya kune imwe nuanced kuverenga: chikamu chakaomarara, huwandu, pamusoro pekupedzisira zvinodiwa, uye machining mvumo. Hazvina kungoita otomatiki.
Iyo pateni midziyo ndeimwe yakavanzika mari. Kune jecha rakasvibira, iwe unowanzo kubata nematch-plate mapatani, aruminiyamu kana simbi, izvo zvinodhura kugadzira kumusoro. Nekumhanya kupfupi kana prototypes, takashandisa michina yepolystyrene mapatani (iyo yakarasika furo nzira) zvakananga mujecha risina kusungwa. Inoshanda, asi kudzora kabhoni pikicha uye kudzivirira kupeta zvirema sezvo furo rinoputika inyanzvi pachayo. Iwe unowana chikamu chakanaka, asi iyo metallurgy haina kuenderana seyakaomarara mold.
Kudira Simbi: Haisi Kungori Nezve Tembiricha
Grey iron, ductile iron - sarudzo yealloy yakakosha. Iron yegrey, ine magraphite flakes, ine iyo huru yekunyorovesa simba uye machinability. Ductile iron, ine nodular graphite yayo, inounza kusimba kwekusimba uye imwe ductility. Iyo yekudurura tsika inoshanduka kune yega yega. Kune ductile iron, unofanirwa kubata magnesium fade kana uchishandisa ladle yakarapwa; iyo nodularizing mhedzisiro inodzikira nekufamba kwenguva, saka pane hwindo rakasimba pakati pekurapa nekudurura. Zvipotsa, uye iyo microstructure inodzokera, ichiuraya ma mechanic properties.
Tembiricha yekudurura idambudziko rekare reGoldilocks. Kunyanya kupisa, uye unowedzera shrinkage porosity uye njodzi inoparadza madziro eforoma, kunyanya muzvikamu zvitete. Kunyanya kutonhora, uye unowana mistruns, kutonhora kunovhara, uye kusanaya kwemvura kuzadza mold. Kune yakajairika Kirasi 35 grey iron, isu taizovavarira kutenderedza 1370°C kusvika 1400°C, asi ingori poindi yekutangira. Chikamu chechikamu chechikamu chacho pachacho chinorayira kutonhora kwakakodzera. Bracket gobvu, chunky inogona kutora tembiricha yakaderera; yakaoma, yakatetepa-yakakomberedzwa yakawanda inoda chidimbu chega chega chemvura inopihwa netembiricha yakakwira. Ndakadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma pane hydraulic valve body. Isu takashandisa yakajairwa temp yezvinyorwa, asi chikamu chacho chaive netiweki yezvikamu zvitete zvemukati. Yakapedzwa nekukandwa kwakanaka kwaive kunenge 80% yakakwana-yakasara yaive nhevedzano yezvivharo zvinoshungurudza zvinotonhora izvo zvakaita kuti chisavepo.
Kusimuka nekudyisa ndipo panoratidza chiitiko chaicho. Simbi ine mwero wakaderera mukuderera pane simbi, asi ichiri kuda kupihwa chikafu sezvainosimba. Kuisa zvikwiriso zvisizvo kunogadzira shrinkage cavities munzvimbo dzakakosha dzekutakura mitoro. Kutonhodza chimwe chishandiso-kunyatsoisa simbi kana kutonhora kwemhangura muforoma kumanikidzira kusimba kubva pakukanda kudzoka kunokwira. Iyo 3D yekupisa pikicha yaunogadzirisa uine ruzivo uye dzimwe nguva, simulation software. Makambani ane ruzivo rwakadzama rwekuwana, seQSY nemakumi matatu emakore mukati kugadzira uye kugadzira, vakagadzira iyi intuition muzviuru zvemabasa, ndosaka vachigona kuburitsa ruzha, kudzvanywa-kusimba kukanda kwepombi uye mavharuvhu.
Mutsara Wokupedzisa: Kuchenesa, Machining, uye Reality Check
Shakeout ibasa rehutsinye. Kukandwa kunobva mujecha kuchipisa, nemasuwo, zvikwiriso, uye goko rejecha rakatsva. Kukuya kubva zvakawandisa ndiro danho rekutanga. Zvadaro pfuti blasting kuchenesa pamusoro. Apa ndipo panowanzo ratidza hurema hwakavanzwa: gomba repasi rinoputika kubva mujecha, mutswe kubva mukutonhodza nekukurumidza. Kuongororwa kwemaziso ndiko kutanga.
Apa ndipo apo kubatanidzwa nemachining kunova kwakakosha. A foundry inobata zvakare CNC machining, semasevhisi akatsanangurwa pane saiti yeQSY, ine mukana wakakura. Ivo vanogadzira kukanda vaine machining process mupfungwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuwedzera inowirirana stock allowance (kwete yakawandisa, kwete yakawandisa), kugadzira datum nzvimbo mukukandwa kwekugadzirisa, uye kunzwisisa kuti chikamu chichaitwa sei muchuck kana vise. Ndakaona madhiri aitaridzika akakwana asi aive asingachinjiki nekuti chibhorani chakaoma chaive munzvimbo yakaoma kubva mukutonhora nekukurumidza, chichiparadza zviboorero zvitatu zvecarbide tisati takanda mapfumo pasi.
Humbowo hwekupedzisira kazhinji mukuyedza kusingaparadzi. Kune zvinhu zvakakosha, tinoita dhayi yekuongorora inopinda pamusoro pekutsemuka kwepamusoro kana kuyedzwa kwekumanikidza. Kugutsikana chaiko kuona mbishi kukanda jecha-ichi chinhu chakakasharara, chitema-chinoshanduka kuita chinhu chakagadzirwa nemazvo, nzvimbo dzekusvirana dzakatsetseka, shinda dzayo dzakachena, dzakagadzirira kubhaudhi mubhuroko reinjini kana kuti compressor frame. Ndiko kutenderera kwakazara, uye ndosaka kukanda kusingagone kurambwa kubva kumabasa ezasi.
Kana Jecha Kukandwa Haisiyo Mhinduro
Nekutaura kwese uku kukanda simbi jecha kukanda, zvakakosha kuti uzive painogumira. Paunenge uchida madziro akatetepa-akanyanya (pasi pe3mm), yakasarudzika pamusoro pekupedzisira yakananga kunze kwe mold, kana padyo-neti-chimiro chekunze, anodhura alloys, mamwe maitiro anokunda. Ndiko uko humwe hunyanzvi hweQSY, kukanda mold uye kukanda mari, zvinopinda mukutamba. Kuumbwa kweShell kunoshandisa jecha rakavharwa neresin kugadzira goko rakatetepa, rakaomarara, rinopa huchokwadi uye kupera kupfuura jecha rakasvibira. Investment casting, iyo yakarasika wakisi nzira, ndeye yakanyanya kuomarara, ine ruzivo rwakadzama.
Zvemwero simbi yakakandwa gearbox dzimba, injini silinda musoro, kana inorema-basa base furemu, kukanda jecha kunenge nguva dzose kunonyanya kudhura uye kunoshanda sarudzo. Iyo yekushandisa inogoneka, zvivakwa zvezvinhu zvakanakisa pakushandisa, uye scalability inopupurirwa. Asi kana mumwe munhu akandiunzira dhizaini yeyakaomesesa ductile iron sensor imba ine magaraji emukati uye yekunze yekushongedza, ini ndiri kuvatungamira kuenda kugoko kana kutombokurukura kana simbi Investment casting inogona kunge iri nani kuenderana kunyangwe mutengo. Sarudzo yezvinhu — iron vs. simbi vs. a special alloy- inopindirana nesarudzo yemaitiro.
Ndiwo maonero akazara aya anopatsanura mupi wezvikamu kubva kune wechokwadi wekugadzira mudiwa. Chinangwa hachisi chekutengesa chiumbwa; ndeyekuunza chinhu chinoshanda, chakavimbika, uye chine mari. Dzimwe nguva nzira iyoyo inotungamira yakananga nemujecha rakagadzirwa zvakanaka, uye dzimwe nguva rinotora nzira. Kuziva mutsauko kubva kune yekutanga sketch ndiyo makumi emakore mubhizinesi iri, senge nhoroondo yekuseri kwefemu seQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology, pakupedzisira inokudzidzisa. Izvo zvishoma nezvekumanikidzira mhinduro uye zvimwe nezvekukodzera maitiro kune dambudziko.
Kushanduka Kusingaonekwi
Nzira haisati yamira. Simulation software yekusimbisa uye ongororo yekushushikana iri kuve nyore kuwanikwa, zvichiita kuti tiedze nzvimbo yekusimudza uye kufanotaura nzvimbo dzinopisa tisati tatombocheka simbi yepateni. 3D kudhindwa kwejecha molds mutambo-wekuchinja kune prototypes uye yakaoma single-run zvikamu, kubvisa mapatani mutengo zvachose. Iwo musimboti wemisimboti yesimbi uye kupisa kupisa zvinoramba zviripo, asi maturusi ekuzvibata ari kuwedzera kusimba.
Asi, kune ese tekinoroji, ichiri kuuya pasi kune iyo yekutanga timu hunyanzvi. Kuverenga kutsemuka kwebhari rekuyedza kutonga graphite chimiro, uchiziva ruzha chairwo rwunoitwa nevhiri parinorova shrinkage cavity, kunzwisisa kuti diki tweak kune yakaenzana nekabhoni inogona kukanganisa machinability pa CNC pasi gare gare. Iyi zivo yakanyarara ndiyo pfuma chaiyo.
Saka, paunotarisa a kukanda simbi jecha kukanda, usangoona bundu resimbi. Ona nhevedzano yeune yekukanganisa uye sarudzo dzenyanzvi-kubva pakusarudzwa kwejecha uye dhizaini yegeji kusvika kune yekudurura tsika nekugadzirira machining. Icho chirevo cheinjiniya inoshanda, maitiro ane zvakawanda nezve anodzorwa akasiyana-siyana sezvazviri pamusoro pekugadzirisa izvo zvakasikwa. Uye mune indasitiri inogara ichidzingirira inotevera yepamusoro-tekinoroji mhinduro, kuvepo kwayo kwekusingaperi chiyeuchidzo chinyararire chekuti kusimba uye kudhura-zvinobudirira hazvibvi muchimiro.
