Kana vanhu vazhinji vakanzwa 'casting', vanofananidzira simbi yakanyunguduka ichidirwa muforoma yejecha. Ndiyo vhezheni yerudo. Chokwadi ndechekugara kutaurirana pakati pechido chekugadzira, fizikisi yezvinhu, uye kusaregerera kwekusimba. Pfungwa isiriyo huru? Kuti inzira yakachipa, yakaderera-tech yekugadzira zvikamu zviri nyore. Edza kuudza izvozvo kuna mainjiniya ane high-integrity turbine blade akatadza nekuda kwe casting chirema chisingaoneki nemaziso.
The Core: Zviri Nezve Mold
Zvese zvinotanga uye kazhinji zvinopera ne mold. Sarudzo pakati pekukandira jecha, kukanda mari, kana kuumbwa kwegoko hakungori mutengo chete; ndeye geometry yauri kuyedza kuwana uye kupedzisa kwepamusoro kwaunoda. Semuenzaniso, shell mold casting, iyo kambani inoda Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) inonyora seyakakosha, inokupa kupedzisa kuri nani uye kwedimensional chaiyo pane yakajairwa jecha regirinhi. Iwe unoishandisa kana iwe uchida kugadzira yakawanda yechikamu chimwe chete neyakadzama ruzivo, funga mabhuroko einjini kana miviri yevharuvhu. Iyo goko yakaita seyakaonda, yakaoma ceramic kopi yemuenzaniso wako.
Investment casting ndiyo imwe magumo eiyo spectrum yekuoma. Uri kunyanya kukura goko rekeramic rakatenderedza wakisi pateni, nyungudutsa wakisi kunze, uye udira simbi mumhango. Iyo wakisi inobvumira kupenga kwakaoma - undercuts, ndima dzomukati, zvinyorwa zvakanaka. Asi maitiro acho akareba, uye mutengo pa mold wakakwira. Haisi yekumhanya kwepamusoro-soro. Iwe unozviona mune aerospace components, maturusi ekuvhiya. Hunyanzvi pano kudzora jekiseni rewakisi, kunyudzwa kwetsvina kugadzira goko, uye kudzorwa kwewakisi pasina kutsemura goko risina kusimba. Pini imwe chete mugoko rekukochekera zvinoreva chimbi pachikamu chekupedzisira, chinogona kureva chikamu chakaraswa.
Apo vanhu vanogumburwa pane muenzaniso. Ingave yegoko kana jecha, iyo pateni inofanirwa kuverengera kune shrinkage. Simbi dzakasiyana dzinodzikira pamitengo yakasiyana. A grey iron pateni haibatsiri kune aruminiyamu casting kana uchida kunyatsojeka. Uye iwe unofanirwa kusanganisira dhizaini-tepi pazviso zvakamira-saka iwe unogona kudhonza patani kubva mujecha pasina kubvarura mold. Ndakaona mapurojekiti akanonoka mavhiki nekuti mugadziri, aimbove CNC machining, akatumira yakakwana 90-dhigirii yakatwasuka madziro modhi. Haikwanise kukandwa. Iwe unofanirwa kuigadzira mushure, izvo zvinokunda chinangwa.
Material Haisi Kungosarudzwa paData Sheet
Kunhonga zvinhu zvakaita sesimbi isina tsvina ndiko kutanga kwekurukurirano, kwete magumo. Tiri kutaura 304, 316, 17-4PH? Imwe neimwe inoyerera zvakasiyana, inoderera zvakasiyana, uye inopindirana neokisijeni zvakasiyana panguva yekudira. Iwo chaiwo anonyengerera ndiwo akakosha alloys QSY inotaurwa, senge nickel-based kana cobalt-based superalloys. Izvi zvinowanzoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakanyanyisa-kupisa kukuru, kuora kwakanyanya. Vane hutsinye kukanda.
Dambudziko neaya alloys maitiro avo ekunyunguduka uye reactivity. Ivo vanowanzova neakakwira mapoinzi ekunyungudika, saka choto chako uye crucible zvinhu zvinofanirwa kumira izvo. Kunyanya kutsoropodza, vanogona kuita reactive. Kana iwe ukasangwarira nemhepo iri muchoto (uchishandisa vacuum kana inert gasi), zvinhu zvaunoda-sealuminium kana titanium yekusimbisa-zvichaita oxidize kubva mukunyunguduka. Unosara uine chemistry isingaite spec. Ndinoyeuka basa rekupisa bhomba mune cobalt alloy. Matangiro mashoma ekutanga aive nekuita kusingaenderane. Zvinoitika, misiyano midiki yekudurura tembiricha yaikonzera chimwe chinhu chinonzi microsegregation - zvimwe zvinhu zvinotanga kuoma, zvichigadzira nzvimbo dzisina simba. Taifanira kuomesa hwindo rekudzora tembiricha ne30 madhigirii, izvo zvaireva kugadziridzazve mapyrometer edu ose.
Ipapo kune gedhi nekusimuka. Iyi ndiyo nzira yepombi yaunogadzira kuti uise simbi mugomba remuforoma (magedhi) uye kudyisa shrinkage sezvainoomesa (inosimuka). Nokuda kwesimbi yakapfava, mitemo yakajairika inoshanda. Kune yakaoma, yakaonda-yakakomberedzwa imba mu ductile iron, inova hunyanzvi. Iwe unoda kuti simbi izadze mold nekukurumidza uye mhirizhonga zvakakwana kuti isaomesa nguva isati yakwana, asi kwete mhirizhonga inoparadza mold uye inogadzira jecha inclusions. Zvikwiriso zvinofanirwa kugara zvakanyungudutswa kupfuura chikamu chakakora chechikamu, zvichipa simbi yemvura kutsiva kupera. Ita zvisizvo, uye unowana shrinkage porosity-spongy, nzvimbo isina simba mukati inoratidzika sechikamu chakasimba. Kuedza kusingaparadzi senge X-ray kuchaiwana, uyezve chikamu chacho chinenge chakarasika.
Iko Kukandira uye Machining Zvinobonderana
Zvishoma zvikamu zvakakandwa zvakagadzirira kushandisa se-cast. Vanenge vose vanoda zvimwe Machining. Apa ndipo panonetsa hukama pakati peiyo foundry neshopu yemuchina. Kambani inoita zvese zviri zviviri, seQSY nezvakarehwa CNC machining kugona, kune mukana wakakura. Vanonzwisisa rwendo rwose.
Chinokosha kuronga machina kubva pakutanga. Iwe unofanirwa kuisa zvimwe zvinhu, zvinonzi machining allowance, pane chero nzvimbo inochekwa. Asi haugone kungowedzera 3mm kwese kwese. Kuwedzera zvakawandisa zvinoreva kuti uri kutambisa simbi inodhura uye kuwedzera machining nguva. Kuwedzera kushoma, uye mucheki anogona kusachenesa nzvimbo yese, achisiya chigamba cheganda rekukanda. Zvakatonyanya, kana iyo yekukanda pachayo isina kugadzikana muchidimbu (yakatenderedzwa panguva yekutonhora), machinist anogona kuwana kuti hapana chinhu chekucheka mune imwe nzvimbo uye yakawandisa mune imwe.
Takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma pachirongwa chokuvaka pombi. Kukandwa kwakabuda zvakanaka, asi kwaive neuta hudiki, pamwe 1.5mm pamusoro pehurefu hwe500mm. Hazvisi zvisizvo kune refu, chimiro chebhokisi. Yedu machining purogiramu yaifungidzira yakanyatso sandara pamusoro. Yekutanga kupfuudza pachigayo cheCNC yakatora kucheka kunorema kune imwe mugumo uye isina kukwenya imwe. Taifanira kumira, kugadzirisa zvakare, uye kushandisa probe kumepu chaiyoiyo, tozogadzirisa nzira dzekushandisa. Yakawedzera maawa. Ikozvino, kune dzakakomba nzvimbo dzekubatanidza, isu tinogona kutsanangura kushivirira kwakatwasuka pane yekukanda dhizaini kana dhizaini muhurongwa hwekuomesa mbabvu kuderedza warpage. Ndirwo rudzi urwu rwekuchinjika-maitiro kufunga kunopatsanura mupi wezvikamu kubva kune wekugadzira shamwari.
Iyo Isingaonekwi Hunhu Hondo: Kusina-Kuparadza Kuedzwa
Iwe unogona kuve nekukandira-kutaridzika-kwakanaka ndiko kutadza zvachose mukati. Ndipo panouya NDT. Kuongorora kwekuona inhanho yekutanga-kutarisira zvirema zviri pachena sezvivharo zvinotonhora (apo hova mbiri dzesimbi dzisina kubatana) kana maburi ejecha. Dhayi inopinda muyedzo inowana kutsemuka kwepamusoro. Asi chokwadi chaicho chinobva kunzira dzinoona mukati.
Radiographic test (X-ray) ndiyo chiyero chegoridhe chekutsvaga mukati ma voids, shrinkage, kana inclusions. Uri kutsvaga mimvuri mufirimu. Asi inononoka uye inodhura. Ultrasonic kuyedza inokurumidza kuona zvikanganiso zvepasi, senge makatsemuka pazasi pedenga. Inoshanda nekutumira masaisai enzwi kuburikidza nesimbi uye kuteerera maungira. Hunyanzvi hwenyanzvi yekududzira zviratidzo ndizvo zvese.
Dambudziko nderekuti 100% NDT pachikamu chese hachiwanzo hupfumi. Iwe unogadzira chirongwa chesampling chinoenderana nekukosha kwechikamu. Bhaketi rekushongedza rinogona kuwana zvinoonekwa chete. Muviri wevharuvhu unomanikidza weoiri rig? Ndiko kuwana 100% X-ray pane ese akakosha zvikamu. Chiyero chaunoshanda nacho-ASTM, ISO, MIL spec-inonongedza saizi inogamuchirwa uye kuwanda kwekuremara. Dzimwe nguva, iwe unowana chikanganiso chiri mukati me spec asi munzvimbo inotyisa. Unoitumira here? Ndiko kudanwa kwekutonga, hurukuro neinjiniya yemutengi. Ini ndaifanira kukakavara kuti diki, rakaparadzana pore kure nechero nzvimbo yekushushikana haisi njodzi inoshanda, kuchengetedza chikamu chinodhura kubva mubhini. Dzimwe nguva, iwe unofanirwa kunge uri iwe wekudaidza kukundikana, kunyangwe zvichirwadza.
Iyo Chaiyo-Nyika Kukanganisa: Mutengo, Nguva, Kuita
Pakupedzisira, casting ndeyekutsvaga kuwirirana kunokwanisika. Mugadziri anoda huremu, hurefu-simba, hunoshanda zvakanaka, geometrically yakaoma chikamu chine girazi kupera. Bazi rekutenga rinoda madhora makumi mashanu pachikamu. Kugadzirwa kunoda zvidimbu zviuru gumi nekota inotevera.
Unofanira kuputsa zvinodiwa izvozvo. Geometrically yakaoma inosundidzira iwe kune yekudyara kukanda, iyo inotyaira kukwira uye inogona kudzikisa vhoriyamu. 10,000 zvimedu zvinosundidzira iwe kune yakakwira-kudzvanya kufa kukanda kana zvachose mold, iyo inoganhura sarudzo yezvinhu uye inogona kusazadzisa kuoma kwemukati. Kusimba-kusimba kunogona kuda simbi kana yakakosha alloy, iyo inotonga kunze kwekumhanya-mhanya maitiro. Iwe unopedzisira wava pakati, pamwe nejecha rakagadzirwa zvakanaka rinokandwa nehunyanzvi hwekushandisa macores, mune ductile iron, ine nzvimbo dzakakomba dzakagadzirwa. Haisi iyo yakakwana vhezheni chero ipi zvayo yakanaka, asi ndiyo vhezheni inogona kuitwa yakavimbika, pamutengo, nenguva.
Ndicho chokwadi chinoshanda. Hazvisi zvekuwana kukwana mune chimwe hunhu. Ndezvekuronga zvese zvinosiyana-nzira yekuumbwa, zvinhu, gating, kupisa kupisa, machining - kurova inotapira nzvimbo yekushandisa. Mutengesi ane makumi emakore mumutambo, senge 30-year-old femu, akaona izvi kutengeserana-offs kane chiuru. Havasi kungodhinda; vari kuverenga pakati pemitsetse yezvinodiwa, vachitarisira kuti maitiro acho acharwa kupi, uye kutungamira chirongwa kune chinogadzirwa. Ndiko kukosha chaiko, uye chimwe chinhu chaunongodzidza kubva pakuchikanganisa nguva shoma usati watanga kuchiwana nguva dzose.
