Kana vanhu vazhinji vakanzwa 'simbi yekukanda', vanofananidzira bhoti rinorema kana radiator yenguva yeVictorian. Ndihwo huso hweveruzhinji. Mukutengeserana, kunyanya mushure memakumi emakore sezvatakaita kuQSY, unodzidza kuti zvishoma nezvezvinhu zvacho uye zvakawanda nezvemuchato pakati pezvinhu zvesimbi zvemukati uye nzira yekukanda yakasarudzwa kuti ishandise. Pfungwa isiriyo huru? Kuti chinhu chimwe chete, chakafanana. Hazvisizvo. Mukaha uripo pakati pe ductile iron valve body inoda kumirisana nehigh pressure uye grey iron counterweight inongoda kuwanda uye kunyorovesa yakakura, uye kubhura iro gap ndipo panoitika basa chairo.
Mhuri Muti weIron Castings
Iwe haugone kutaura nezvechitoro kukanda simbi pasina pakarepo kuiputsa. Gray iron, ductile (nodular) iron, simbi inogadzika, compacted graphite... chimwe nechimwe chine hunhu hwayo. Grey iron, ine magraphite flakes, yakanakira kudonhedza mavibrations - funga muchina maturusi mabhesi. Asi edza kuzviisa pasi pekunetseka kwakanyanya uye iwo maflakes anoita seakavakirwa-mukati crackers. Ndipo panopinda ductile iron. Iyo magnesium kurapwa iyo spheroidizes the graphite inoshandura zvese. Simba rekusimba rinosvetuka, unowana kurebesa. Iyo inochinja-chinja yezvikamu zvinoona mitoro ine simba.
Ndinorangarira purojekiti pakutanga, mutengi aida yakaoma hydraulic manifold mune yavanongoti simbi yakakandwa. Madhindi akatsanangura giredhi regeneric. Isu takasundidzira kumashure, tikabvunza nezve kutenderera kutenderera uye zvinogona kuitika. Vakanga vasina kuzvifunga. Taidhirowa nesimbi yegrey—yaigadzirwa zvakanaka, yainzwa yakasimba. Asi kuyedzwa kwedzvinyiriro kwakaratidza micro-porosity inodonha munzira dzeflake. Isu takachinjira kune ferritic ductile iron, takagadzirisa gating dhizaini kuti ive nechokwadi chekupora magnesium. Yechipiri round yakabata. Tinodzidzei? Iyo yekumisikidzwa simbi yakakandwa inenge isina basa pasina prefix.
Zvadaro pane alloyed irons. Nickel, chromium, molybdenum kuwedzera. Izvi hazvisi zvekudzivirira ngura chete. Ivo vanodzikamisa iyo pearlite, vanowedzera simba uye vanopfeka kushomeka pane yakakwirira tembiricha. Isu takaita dzimba dzepombi dzeabrasive slurries ine 15-20% nickel-chrome alloyed simbi chena. Kuomarara kwe-as-cast kwaive nehutsinye, kupotsa kusingaite muchina kunze kwekukuya. Iwe unofanirwa kugadzira iyo, kuronga maitiro akaitenderedza. Chikara chakasiyana zvachose kubva kumagiredhi akajairika.
Maitiro Anoraira Kuita: Shell vs. Investment
Kushop kwedu, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), isu tinomhanyisa zvese shell mold uye investment cast mitsara. Sarudzo pakati pavo yechikamu chesimbi haisi yehuwandu kana mutengo chete; ndezve geometry uye kuvimbika. Kuumbwa kweShell, uchishandisa jecha rakavharwa neresin, rinokupa kupedzwa kwepamusoro-soro uye kurongeka kwakaringana uchienzaniswa nejecha rakasvibira rechinyakare. Yakanakira zvepakati-kuomarara zvikamu senge injini mabhureki kana compressor housings. Makona ekudhirowa anogona kuve mashoma, uye iwe unochengetedza kuenderana kwakanaka.
Asi kana iwe uine mapassage emukati, undercuts, kana mageometries akaomesesa izvo zvingada zvisingagoneke musimboti maassemblies mujecha, ndipo panowanikwa nhanho dzekudyara. Isu takagadzira ma impeller uye turbine dzimba mu ductile iron nenzira iyi. Kubata nesimbi mukukanda mari? Zvose ndezvekudira. Tembiricha yekudira yesimbi yepamusoro kana ichienzaniswa nesimbi kana superalloys inosimbisa iyo ceramic shell zvakasiyana. Iwe unowana njodzi yakawanda yesimbi-shell reaction, mukana wekuremara kwepamusoro kana goko risina kubikwa zvakakwana. Zvinoda kudzora kwakasimba pamusoro peiyo dewax uye sintering cycles kuti iwe unogona kubva nekuve sloppier pane chikamu chisina tsvina.
Kukundikana kunonamatira kwandiri kwaive kumhanya kwediki ductile iron sensor housings kuburikidza nekudyara kukanda. Zvikamu zvakatarisa zvakakwana, zvakapfuura maonero. Asi panguva yekuedzwa kwemutengi, vashoma vakadonha. Takaaisa muchikamu, takawana misodzi inopisa padyo nepanosangana. Dambudziko raive gedhi. Isu takashandisa dhizaini yakakwenenzverwa kusimba resimbi. Simbi, nekudzikira kwayo kwakasiyana uye kabhoni maitiro, yaida zvishoma nezvishoma kupisa gradient munzvimbo iyoyo chaiyo. Isu takagadzirisa sprue uye mumhanyi marongero, tikawedzera kutonhora kudiki mumuti wewakisi. Zvakazvipedza. Ndiwo iwo akajeka maitiro-chaiwo magadzirirwo anopatsanura anogona kushandiswa kukanda kubva kune akavimbika.
Iyo Machining Handshake: Kukandira iyo CNC
Apa ndipo panobhadharwa modhi yedu yakabatanidzwa paQSY. Iwe haugone kurambana maitiro ekukanda kubva kumashini anotevera. Kukandira kunogona kunge kwakanzwika mumativi, asi kana iine kuomarara kusingaenderane kana yakavanzika shrinkage, inoparadza maturusi uye zvimedu zvakaraswa paCNC pasi. Isu tinogadzira maitiro ekukanda nemachining zvigadziriso uye yekutanga kubata pfungwa mupfungwa.
With kukanda simbi, kunyanya grey iron, iyo yemahara graphite inoshanda semafuta. Kazhinji inogoneka. Asi mutsauko mukutonhodza mwero pane chimwe chikamu unogona kutungamirira kunzvimbo dzesimbi yakanyungudutswa (white iron) pazvikamu zvitete kana pedyo nekutonhora. Icho chinhu chakanyanya kuoma uye chinokanganisa. Isu takambove nebhechi remiviri yevharuvhu uko iyo flange, yakatonhodzwa nekukurumidza, yakagadzira chando. Yakanga ichitsenga through carbide inserts in one pass. Kugadzirisa kwaive kuita-parutivi: isu takagadzirisa tembiricha yekudurura zvishoma uye takaisazve madhiri ekuumba kuti akurudzire kutonhora kwakafanana. Kugadzirwa kwemuchina kwakadzokera kumusoro.
Kune ductile iron, iyo machinability yakanaka, asi chip yakasiyana. Inoda kupinda mudiki, inogoneka 6's uye 9's pane kureba tambo. Asi iwe unoda chaiyo chishandiso geometry uye machira. Isu takamira pamagiredhi chaiwo ekuomesera uye kupedzisa simbi dzakakandwa mumadhipatimendi edu eCNC. Iko kuenderana mune iri kuuya yekukanda zvinhu - nekuda kwekudzora kunyungudika uye inoculation - ndiko kunotibvumira kuvhara pasi yakagadzikana machining paramita. Kana iyo chemistry kana microstructure ikasiyana batch kuti batch, ako CNC zvirongwa zvinova inogara hondo kugadzirisa.
Material Nuances: Iyo Alloying Mubvunzo
Nepo masimbi akakandwa akavhara 80% yezvido, iyo yakakosha alloy ndima inonakidza. Tiri kutaura nezve nickel-based kana cobalt-based alloys akadururwa mune iron-inodzorwa matrices kuitira basa rakanyanyisa. Asi dzimwe nguva, iwe unongoda simbi yakapusa ine tweak. Silicon molybdenum irons yekudzikama tembiricha yakasimudzika, senge manifolds eutsi, muenzaniso wakanaka.
Dambudziko nealloying iron kudzora kupatsanurwa. Zvinhu zvinosanganiswa zvine hukama hwakasiyana hwekabhoni, uye dzinogona kusundira kuumbwa kwegraphite nenzira dzisingatarisirwe panguva yekusimba. Iwe haugoni kungokanda zvinhu muchoto. Kuwedzera kwakarongeka, nekuchenjerera kutonga kwekushisa. Isu tinochengetedza matanda akadzama ekupisa uku-nguva, tembiricha, kurongeka kwekuwedzera, inoculant mhando uye huwandu. Yakawanda seresipi senge metallurgical process.
Ndinoyeuka ndichigadzira yakakwira-silicon ductile iron yekuora kemikari pombi yekushandisa. Iyo silicon yakavandudza corrosion resistance asi yakaita kuti simbi iwedzere brittle uye kuita zvekukanda zvinonetsa. Taifanira kuienzanisa neyepamusoro nickel yemukati kuchengetedza kumwe kuomarara, uye takatamira kune yakawedzera annealing kutenderera post-casting kuti ibvise kushushikana. Kubudirira kwakatora katatu kudzokororwa. Nyaya yekupedzisira yakanga isina kubva pane chero pepa remazuva ese; raive giredhi remuridzi rakazvarwa kubva kune rimwe dambudziko. Ndipo apo kukanda simbi inofamba kubva kune inotengeswa kuenda kune inogadziriswa mhinduro.
Hunhu inzira, Kwete Kuongorora
Iwe haugone kuongorora kunaka mukukanda. Uku ndiko kutenda kukuru. Kune simbi, inotanga nezvinhu zvekuchaja-inodzoka, simbi yenguruve, simbi yakaraswa. Zvinosvibisa senge lead kana tini, kunyangwe muhuwandu hwekutevera, zvinogona kukanganisa chimiro chegraphite mu ductile iron. Isu tinopa uye tinoparadzanisa zvine hungwaru.
Ipapo pane process control. Kudurura tembiricha kwakakosha, asi ndiyo nguva iri pakati pekurapa nekudurura. Kune ductile iron, iyo magnesium fade ndeyechokwadi. Kana iwe ukamirira kwenguva refu mushure mekurapwa kwenodular, iyo magnesium mhute kurasikirwa kunowedzera, iyo nodule count inodonha, uye iwe uri panjodzi yekuwana yakaderera graphite. Tine hwindo rakasimba kubva pakurapwa kusvika kune yekupedzisira mold yakadururwa. Inotariswa kudziya kwese.
Kuedza kusaparadza ishamwari yako. Isu tinoshandisa ultrasonic bvunzo pane dzakakosha zvimiro zvikamu kutsvaga shrinkage kana inclusions. Asi bvunzo inonyanya kutaura inowanzove yakapusa: yekucheka-kumusoro uye microstructure kuongororwa. Isu tinoita izvi nguva nenguva pazvikamu zvekutanga-chinyorwa uye zvisina tsarukano ongororo. Kutarisa chimiro chegirafu nodule, saizi, uye kugoverwa pasi pemaikorosikopu inokuudza zvakawanda nezvehutano hwechirongwa ichi kupfuura chero cheki imwe chete. Ndiyo mafingerprint eiyo nyungudika nekudira. Mushure memakore makumi matatu, iwe unonzwa kunzwa nezvazvo. Iwe unogona kutarisa kune microstructure uye unenge uchifungidzira kudira tembiricha uye inoculation tsika. Ndizvo zvisingabatike, chikamu chechiitiko icho hapana spec sheet inogona kutora zvizere. Ndizvo zvinoshandura chiito che kukanda simbi kubva padanho rekugadzira kuita hunyanzvi.
