Paunoona Co 20 pane imwe pepa kana chitupa chechinhu, iyo pfungwa yekukurumidza kazhinji ndeye cobalt zvemukati. Ndiwo musungo wekutanga. Mumakumi matatu emakore ekubata macobalt-based alloys ekukandira mari uye kunyatsogadzira machining, ndakadzidza kuti nhamba inotevera 'Co' haiwanzo kutwasuka. Ipfupi, kugutsurira kumhuri yealloys, uye kududzira kwayo kunogona kuita kana kutyora kuita kwechikamu mumunda. Zvikwata zvakawanda zvekutenga zvinhu zvinozviona uye vanofunga kuti vari kuwana yakamisikidzwa, kubva-pasherufu zvinhu. Chokwadi chakanyanya uye chinonakidza. Inonongedza kune boka rema alloys apo cobalt ndiyo nheyo, asi dhiyabhorosi-uye kushanda-iri mune imwe 20-ish muzana yekuumbwa uye, zvakanyanya, nhoroondo yekugadzirisa.
Zita Risinganzwisiswi
Ngatijekese izvi: Co 20 haisi imwe chete, yakasimba yakatsanangurwa alloy senge 304 isina tsvina. Iyo yakawanda yekutengeserana kana yakajairika indasitiri label iyo inowanzonongedza kune cobalt-chromium alloys, kazhinji inowira pasi pezviyero seASTM F75 kana zvakafanana. Iyo '20' inoreva zvakasununguka mutsara wekiyi alloying element, kazhinji chromium, inogara yakatenderedza 26-30%, kana dzimwe nguva molybdenum. Iyo cobalt yemukati ndiyo inonyanya kuwanda, kazhinji inopfuura 50%. Saka zita racho rinenge rave kukanganisa. Ndapedza maawa ndichifonera ndichitsanangura izvi kune mainjiniya aive nechokwadi chekuti kudhirowa kwavo kwaive kwakashata. Vaizotsanangura Co 20 tichitarisira chemistry chaiyo, uye isu taizofanira kudzokera kune izvo chaizvo zvinodikanwa zvekuita: kupfeka kuramba, kusaita ngura panguva yakakwira, biocompatibility? Ndizvo zvinoraira resipi chaiyo.
Kusanzwisisika uku ndiko uko vanogadzira uye machinist vanowana kuchengetedza kwavo. Kuchitoro chedu, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), tinoona iyi dhizaini ichiuya kune zvikamu zvakatemerwa sevhisi yakaoma-vharuvhu mukuora hydrocarbon processing, kana kupfeka maplate muagri-machine. Hurukuro yekutanga nguva dzose inodonha kubva kune generic Co 20 kune chinodiwa chaicho. Chikamu chekupedzisira chaive chisisakundikane nekurova? Kana kuti yaive nyaya yecorrosion kuneta? Izvo zvinogadziriswa alloy kubva ipapo zvakapusa asi zvine hunyanzvi.
Ini ndinorangarira chirongwa chegwaro rekudzora vharafu chikamu, pamwe makore mashanu kumashure. Nhaka yemutengi ichangotaura Co 20. Vakanga vachiona premature leakage. Takaongorora chikamu chakakundikana uye takaona kuti yakanga isiri iyo yakawanda corrosion resistance yaive dambudziko; yakanga iri musanganiswa wekuoma kwakaderera uye kuparadzirwa kwakashata kwecarbide pachiso chekuisa chisimbiso. Iyo makumi maviri alloy yavanga vachishandisa yaive yakakandwa F75, yakanakira zvinhu zvakawanda, asi kwete yeiyo chaiyo abrasive-corrosive synergy. Isu takakurudzira yakagadziridzwa kuumbwa nekutonga kwakasimba pane kabhoni uye yakasiyana thermal processing cycle post-casting. Mhedzisiro yanga isiri zita rakasiyana alloy, kungori nani vhezheni yei Co 20 zvinogona kuva kwavari. Chikamu ichocho chichiri kushanda, ndinoudzwa.
Kubva Kunyungudika kuenda kuMuchina: Iyo Maitiro ndicho Chigadzirwa
Iwe haugone kutaura nezvezvinhu izvi pasina kusvibisa maoko ako nemaitiro. Zvimiro zvecobalt-chromium alloy zvishoma nezvezita rekemikari yaunotanga nayo uye nezvimwe nezve maitirwo aunoita uye nekuibata mushure. Apa ndipo panowanikwa maitiro edu akabatanidzwa QSY nyaya. Kudzora rwendo kubva kugoko mold kukanda kune yekupedzisira CNC machining pasi pedenga remba haingori yekubudirira; ndezvekutarisisa uye kudzivirira kusvibiswa kana kurasikirwa kwepfuma panzvimbo dzemaoko.
Mukudyara kwekudyara, tembiricha yekudira uye chiyero chekutonhora kwea Co 20-type alloy yakakosha pakudzikisa micro-porosity uye kudzora chimiro chezviyo. Kukurumidza, uye iwe unoisa pangozi kushushikana; kunonoka zvakanyanya, uye zvikamu zve carbide zvinogona kuve zvakawoma uye brittle. Takaisa zviuru zvekudururwa, uye bhuku rekunyorera (ikozvino dhatabhesi) rakazara nezvigadziriso zvidiki-kuchinja kwe15-degree Celsius mukupisa kwakanyanya, shanduko yemold pre-heat-iyo yakagadzirisa nyaya dzakanangana sekubvarura kupisa pane imwe flange geometry. Izvi hazvisi zvemabhuku; ruzivo rwemadzinza rwakavakwa kubva kune vakakundikana uye vakabudirira.
Ipapo kunouya machining. Vanhu havatarisi kuti ma alloys aya akaoma sei kucheka. Vanoshanda-kuoma pakarepo. Chishandiso chakagomara zvishoma kana hutsinye hwekudya hachingopfeki chishandiso; inoshandura kutendeseka kwepamusoro kwechikamu, ichigadzira strained, brittle layer inogona kutanga kuputika mubasa. Isu takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma pakutanga, tichirasa batch yemhando yepamusoro-yekukandwa nekuti nzvimbo dzakatendeuka dzakaratidza madiki-akatsemuka pasi pedayi inopinda mukati. Mhinduro yacho yaive rejimeni yeyakapinza, yakavharwa maturusi ecarbide, yakanyanya-kudzvanya inotonhorera pamucheto wekucheka, uye inochengetedza, inowirirana paramita. Inononoka, asi ndiyo chete nzira yekuunza chikamu chinoita senge alloy inorehwa. The QSY Webhusaiti inotaura kugona kwedu kweCNC, asi kukosha chaiko kuri kushandisa iko kurongeka kune izvi zvinozivikanwa zvakaoma zvinhu.
Iyo Alloying Nuances: Kupfuura Kungoti Cobalt
Kugara pachigadziko checobalt chete iko kukanganisa. Iwo mashiripiti-uye mainjiniya-ari mune rimwe bhokisi. Nickel inowanzovapo yekusimbisa mhinduro yakasimba uye kudzikamisa iyo austenitic chimiro. Chromium, sezvataurwa, ndeye passive oxide layer inopa corrosion resistance. Asi ipapo iwe unopinda mune kabhoni yemukati, iyo inoumba iyo yakaoma carbides. Kunyanya kabhoni, uye kupfeka kusagadzikana kunotambura; yakawandisa, uye iwe unokanganisa ductility uye machinability. Molybdenum uye tungsten inowedzerwa kune yakasimba mhinduro kusimbisa, inosimudzira yakakwirira-tembiricha kuita.
Takashanda pane pombi shaft sleeve ye geothermal application apo nharaunda yaive yakakwirira-chloride uye yakakwirira-tembiricha. Chiyero Co 20 kugadzirwa kwakange kusiri kushanda zvakanaka. Kugadzirisa kwaisanganisira kukwenya molybdenum uye tungsten chiyero kuti uvandudze kugadzikana kweiyo inodzivirira oxide firimu pasi pekupisa bhasikoro, uye kudzikisa zvishoma kabhoni kuvandudza kupisa kwekuvhunduka. Raive giredhi repamusoro, asi rakakura kubva pamusimboti iwoyo Co 20 muti wemhuri. Izvi ndizvo zvakajairwa, kwete mutsauko, wekuda kunyorera.
Kusarudza musiyano wakakodzera kazhinji unoburuka kune yekutanga degradation mode. Ndiyo abrasion chaiyo here? Iyo yakakwira kabhoni musiyano inogona kuve yakanyanya kunaka. Iyo corrosion ine intermittent impact? Ipapo kuomarara uye kushorwa kwecorrosion kunotora pekutanga, kunongedza kune yakaderera kabhoni, yepamusoro nickel/chromium vhezheni. Kuva nemudiwa akafanana QSY, ine ruzivo rwakadzama mune zvese kukanda uye kugadzira aya akasiyana, kwakakosha nekuti manufacturability anochinja nechero tweak. A alloy inokanda zvinoyevedza inogona kunge inotyisa kumuchina, uye zvinopesana.
Kukundikana seMudzidzisi: Kana Co 20 Isina Kukwana
Haisi nyaya yese ine budiriro yakachena. Pakutanga munguva yangu pano, takanga tine batch ye cast turbine blade seals yakadzoswa. Ivo vakatsanangurwa seyakajairwa cobalt-chromium alloy, iyo isu takagadzirisa seyedu chiyero Co 20-type melt. Vakapasa ese akajairwa mekinika uye makemikari bvunzo. Asi mubasa, vakaremara pasi pemutoro kare kupfuura zvaitarisirwa. Ongororo yepost-mortem yakaratidza nyaya: nepo kemikari yakawanda yaive yakanaka, isu takange tapotsa zvisingataurwe nemutengi (uye zvisina kudhirowa) zvinodiwa kuti pave nekashoma kuputika simba pane imwe tembiricha. Yedu yakajairika kupisa kupisa, inokwana makumi mapfumbamwe muzana ekushandisa, haina kugadzira iyo chaiyo carbide morphology inodiwa kune iyo yekuwedzera margin.
Icho chaiva chidzidzo chinokosha. Ikozvino, kusangana ne spec hausi kupera kwehurukuro. Isu tinoferefeta nharaunda yekushanda: kuenderera kwekushanda tembiricha, kutenderera kwemafuta, kurodha mhando, zvinhu zvekubatanidza. A spec sheet ye Co 20 ndipo panotangira nhaurirano yehunyanzvi, kwete tambo yekupedzisa. Takavaka diki raibhurari yezviyo microstructures kubva kune dzakasiyana nzira dzekugadzirisa, saka ikozvino tinogona kazhinji kuratidza vatengi, Izvi ndizvo zvaunowana neRoute A, uye uku ndiko kuvandudzwa kwemuganho wezviyo simba neRoute B. Inoita kuti hurukuro ibatike.
Imwe gomba rinowanzoitika kufungidzira kuti maalloys aya haapindire. Iwo anodzivirira zvakanyanya kutu, asi haana kudzivirirwa. Isu takaona nyaya yekushungurudzika corrosion ichitsemuka pachinhu chakagadzirwa zvakanaka muchirimwa chemakemikari. Mhosva yaive yekuteedzera makomisheni esarufa murukova rwekuita, izvo maalloys aya anogona kutarisisa. Mhinduro yacho yanga isiri imwe alloy, asi dhizaini shanduko yekudzikisa kushushikana uye kushomeka kwepamusoro kurapwa. Yakasimbisa kuti kusarudzwa kwezvinhu idambudziko rehurongwa.
Iyo Chaiyo-Nyika Yekushandisa Tapestry
Saka izvi zvese zvinosangana kupi? Tarisa kune chero indasitiri inosundira zvinhu kumiganhu yavo. Mumafuta uye gasi, zviri downhole midziyo yemidziyo uye zvigaro zvevharuvhu zvakatarisana negasi rakavava. Mukugadzirwa kwechikafu, zvidimbu zvinopfeka zvinofanirwa kuramba corrosion kubva kune acidic zvigadzirwa uye kazhinji sterilization. Mukugadzira magetsi, inopfeka mhete nezvisimbiso mumapombi inobata abrasive fly ash slurries. Muchiitiko chega chega, Co 20 ndiyo tikiti yekupinda, asi yekupedzisira pasipoti inodhindwa negumi nemaviri madiki, akakosha kugadzirisa.
Kukosha kwemugadziri hakusi mukunyunguduka nekudururira kune mwero. Iri mukutonga kwakaunganidzwa-kuziva kana kutsauka kudiki mune yesimbi yemukati (inowanzo-isingatarisirwe tramp element) inogona kukanganisa yakanyanya-tembiricha kugadzikana kune mumwe mutengi, kana maitiro ekugadzirisa machining feed mushure mekugadzirisa kupisa kurapwa kudzivirira kudhonza carbides kubva pamusoro. Iri ndiro basa risina kunaka, rine ruzivo-rinotsanangura kunaka.
Pakupera kwezuva, Co 20 ndiye anotanga kukurukura. Inotaridza kudiwa kwechinhu chinogara munzvimbo iyoyo yakasarudzika pakati pesimbi isina tsvina uye nickel superalloys-inowanzo kupa iri nani kupfeka-corrosion-kusimba chiyero chemutengo. Asi kushanda kwayo kwakabudirira kunotsamira pakufamba kupfuura iyo label. Zvinoda kudyidzana nemutengesi anonzwisisa kuti nhamba ingori chinongedzo, uye kwainoenda chaiko chikamu chinopona uye chinobudirira mugehena chairo raunoda. Ndiko rwendo rwatiri kuita mazuva ese, kubva muchoto QSY kusvika pachiratidzo chekupedzisira chemhando pabhokisi rekutumira.
