Iwe unonzwa 'cobalt based alloy parts' uye pakarepo funga 'high-end,' 'aerospace,' 'medical implants.' Izvo hazvina kukanganisa, asi mufananidzo usina kukwana. Icho chokwadi mune yekutanga uye chitoro chemuchina chakanyanya kuipa, chizere nekukanganisika uye maitiro asingatarisirwe ayo mapepa edata haagare achikugadzirira iwe. Pane fungidziro yakajairika yekuti nekuti iri 'superalloy,' inoregerera hurombo hwekutonga maitiro. Muchiitiko changu, zvinonyatsopesana; kunoda kuomarara, kwete kushoma, uye kunoranga fungidziro noutsinye.
Iyo Alloy Haisi Chete Alloy
Kana isu tichitora basa rekuti, toti, chikamu cheturbine chisimbiso mukati cobalt yakavakirwa chiwanikwa, hondo yokutanga inowanzova yokutsvaka zvinhu. Haasi ese maCo-Cr-W kana Co-Cr-Mo mamakisi akagadzirwa akaenzana, kunyangwe pasi peiyo yakafanana AMS kana ASTM spec. Chengetedza zvinhu kubva kwakasiyana kunyunguduka, chimiro chezviyo chebhawa stock kana kudzorera zvinhu-izvi zvinoshandura zvinyoro machinability uye, zvakanyanya, mhinduro yekushushikana panguva yekukanda mari. Isu takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma makore apfuura pakumhanya kwemanozzles anopisa. Iyo chemistry yaive 'in spec,' asi zvikamu zvakagadzira micro-cracks panguva yekubvisa shell post-cast. Mupari wemhosva? Iyo zvishoma-yakasara-yakaenzana silicon yemukati kubva kune mutsva mutengesi iyo yakakanganisa kupisa kwemisodzi kuramba. The spec raive gedhi rakakura, tichibva tapinda mukati.
Apa ndipo apo kudyidzana kwenguva refu nevanotengesa zvinhu vane mukurumbira kunova kusingagone kutaurirana. Izvo zvishoma nezve chitupa uye zvimwe nezve kuenderana batch-kune-batch. Kune kambani yakaita seQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), ine makumi matatu emakore ekukandira uye kugadzira, kusimbisa kuti kutengesa cheni kuvimba kwave kuri chikamu chakakosha chekushanda. Iwe haugone kuvaka kuvimbika pane zvisingaenderane feedstock. Basa ravo kumativi ose cobalt yakavakirwa alloy zvikamu, nickel alloys, uye specialty steels zvinoreva kuti vangangoona zvinhu izvi zvisingaite zvichitamba kakawanda, zvichiumba huzivi hwavo hwekutenga.
Imwe layer ndiyo 'form' yealloy. Tiri kutanga nevirgin bar yekumachining? Kushandisa revert mune yedu induction choto chekudyara? Kana kubata chaiyo-yakakandwa zvikamu zvakatumirwa kwatiri kuti tipedze machining? Nzira imwe neimwe ine matambudziko akasiyana. A cast cobalt alloy chikamu chichava nekusiyana kwemukati kushushikana mamiriro uye zvinogona inclusions zvichienzaniswa neyakagadzirwa billet. Yako CNC chirongwa uye mudziyo wekushandisa unofanirwa kuzvidavirira kune iwo musiyano kubva pakucheka kwekutanga.
Investment Casting: Iko Mashiripiti uye Misoro Inoitika
Shell mold uye investimendi yekukandira ndiyo yekuenda kune yakaoma, padyo-net-shape cobalt yakavakirwa alloy zvikamu. Iyo dimensional kugadzikana uye kupera kwepamusoro kwakanakisa, asi hwindo rekuita rakatetepa. Cobalt alloys ane yakakwira kunyungudika uye kazhinji yakashata yekupisa conductivity. Izvi zvinotungamira kumawere ekupisa kwemagetsi panguva yekusimba. Kana geji rako nekusimuka system isina kugadzirwa zvakakwana-uye ndinoreva zvakakwana kune iyo chaiyo chikamu geometry-uchawana shrinkage porosity kana nzvimbo dzinopisa dzinova nzvimbo dzekutanga crack.
Takambopedza mavhiki tichiedza kubvisa porosity mugobvu flange yechikamu chevharuvhu. Iyo data sheet yakataura zvakanaka castability. Gedhi redu rekutanga raitevera mitemo yakajairika yesimbi. Zvakakundikana. Taifanira kutamira kune imwe nzira ine hukasha, inopisa kuitira kuti mvura yesimbi irambe yakareba muchikamu ichocho, izvo zvaizova nengozi yekukukurwa. Chaive chiitiko chekuenzanisa chakagadziriswa kuburikidza nemiedzo yekudzokorora, kwete dzidziso yemabhuku. Iyi ndiyo isina kunaka R&D inoitika pauriri hwechitoro.
Post-cast, kubvisa shell kwakakosha. Aya alloys anoshanda-akaoma zvakanyanya. Kana iwe wakanyanya hutsinye nekugogodza kwemuchina, unogona kukonzeresa kushushikana kwepamusoro kunozobatana nekunetsekana kwekugadzira, zvichitungamira mukukanganisa. Isu tinowanzo shandisa musanganiswa wekudengenyeka uye nekuchenjerera kupisa kwekushisa. Kunyangwe ipapo, haumbofa wakanyatsoziva kusvika chikamu chekutanga chaenda paCMM. Ichi chikamu chinoda moyo murefu unopesana nezvinomanikidza zvehurongwa hwekugadzira.
Machining: The Art of Controlled Aggression
Machining cobalt yakavakirwa alloy zvikamu ndipo panowanikwa hupenyu hwetioretical tool. Zvishandiso izvi zvinochengeta simba rakakwirira pane tembiricha yakakwira, zvinoreva kuti 'hazvipfave' padanho rekucheka. Pane kudaro, ivo vanomira uye vanoshanda-kuomesa nzvimbo yauri kuedza kucheka. Chinokosha ndechekuchengetedza nguva dzose, kubatanidzwa kwakanaka neyakapinza, yakasarudzika maturusi-carbide mamakisi akagadzirirwa epamusoro-tembiricha alloys, ane chaiwo machira seAlTiN.
Chikanganiso chekare ndechekudzikisira mitengo yekudya kuti ive 'yakachengeteka.' Izvi zvinowanzoita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kuipa, zvichiita kuti chishandiso chikwizire panzvimbo yekugera, chichiwedzera kupisa uye kukurumidza kuomesa-basa. Iwe unofanirwa kuve nehukasha mukati meiyo chaiyo paramita. Inotonhorera imwe nharo. Yakakwira-kudzvanywa, kuburikidza-chishandiso inotonhorera inenge inosungirwa kubudisa machipisi uye kugadzirisa kupisa, asi kuendesa kunofanirwa kunge kusina mhosva. Chero kukanganisa kunotungamirira kukukundikana kwekushandisa pakarepo. Ndakaona chigayo chemadhora mazana maviri chakaparadzwa mumasekondi nekuti mutsara unotonhorera wakawana kink diki.
Kugadzirisa hafu yehondo. Nekuda kwemasimba ekucheka akakwira uye nekusarira kunetseka kubva pakukanda, zvikamu zvinogona kufamba. Iwe unoda yakasimba, kazhinji tsika, zvigadziriso zvinotsigira chikamu pasina kukonzeresa clamping kushushikana kunozodzoka gare gare. Kune yakaoma turbine blade midzi fomu, isu tinogona kupedza nguva yakawanda tichigadzira uye tichiratidza chimiro sechirongwa chekugadzira pachacho. Hazvina kujairika kuve nekutanga-chinyorwa chinomhanya uko chikamu chacho chakakwana asi chakanamira zvachose mugadziriso nekuti wakarerutsa simba rekumanikidza rinodiwa kudzivirira kutaura.
Chaiyo-Nyika Yekushandisa uye Kukundikana Modes
Zvizhinji zvezvikamu izvi hazvisi kungogara pasherufu; vari munzvimbo dzekuranga. Funga nezvemavharuvhu ekupedza muinjini dzinoshanda zvakanyanya kana kupfeka mapedhi mumichina yekugadzira makemikari. Iyo yekutadza modhi yatinowanzo kuyedza kudzivirira haisi njodzi kuputsika, asi kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma senge tembiricha oxidation, sulfidation, kana kupfeka kunetseka.
Ndinoyeuka imwe nyaya nemutengi aida magiraidhi asingabatike patambo yekugadzira inopisa. Vakatanga kushandisa simbi yakaoma, iyo yakakundikana nokukurumidza. Takaronga a cobalt yakavakirwa chiwanikwa kufanana neStellite 6 nekuda kwekuoma kwayo kupisa uye kupikisa galling. Zvikamu zvakaita zvakanaka, asi mushure memwedzi mitanhatu, zvakaratidza kutsemuka kusingatarisirwi. Chikonzero chikuru? Kutenderera kwacho kwaisanganisira kudzimwa nekukurumidza kubva kune tembiricha yakanyanya, iyo yatakanga tisina kunyatsotsanangura. Thermal shock yakakonzera kushushikana, kusanganiswa nealloy's inherent low ductility pakudzikira tembiricha, zvakakonzera kuneta kutsemuka. Mhinduro yanga isiri shanduko yezvinhu, asi dhizaini tweak yekuwedzera maficha ekugadzirisa kushushikana kwekushushikana. Chakanga chiri chidzidzo mukutarisa kunze kwezvinhu zvedhetabheti zvivakwa kune yakazara system yekudyidzana.
Apa ndipo panobhadhara chiitiko chemugadziri pane akasiyana alloys. Chitoro chakashanda zvakanyanya nesimbi isina tsvina yekuora uye cobalt yakavakirwa alloys zvekupfeka zvinogadzira intuition yeaya ekukundikana mode trade-offs. Vanogona kubvunza mibvunzo yakakodzera nezvenzvimbo yekushanda iyo mugadziri angasafunga kutsanangura.
Bhizinesi reKuvagadzira: Consistency Pamusoro peHype
Pakupedzisira, kugadzira kwakavimbika cobalt yakavakirwa alloy zvikamu haisi yekuve neinopenya 5-axis muchina (kunyangwe izvo zvinobatsira). Zviri pamusoro pekugadzirisa maitiro uye ruzivo rwemasangano. Izvo ndezvekunyora izvo zvakashanda uye, zvinotonyanya kukosha, izvo zvisina pane yekupedzisira yakafanana basa. Izvo ndezvekuva nemetallurgists vanogona kuverenga nzvimbo yakatsemuka uye machinists anogona kuteerera kune ruzha rwekucheka uye kuziva kuti zviri kutadza.
Makambani anogara mune iyi niche, seQSY (Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology), kazhinji vane hudzamu ihwohwo. Nhoroondo yavo yemakore makumi matatu mukuumbwa kwegoko uye kuisa mari, pamwe nemukati meCNC machining, zvinoratidza kuti vakaisa zvidzidzo izvi mukati. Havasi kungotengesa chikamu; vari kutengesa kugona kufamba rwendo rwose kubva kusimbi yakanyungudutswa kusvika kune yakapedzwa, chaiyo chikamu chinozorarama mukushandisa kunodiwa. Kune mutengi, iyo yekupedzisira-kusvika-kumagumo kutonga kunowanzo kukosha kupfuura marginal mutengo wekuchengetedza, sezvo inoderedza njodzi yenjodzi, inodhura kukundikana kwemunda.
Musika wezvikamu izvi uri kukura, kunyanya musimba uye nyanzvi dzemuchina weindasitiri. Asi chipingamupinyi chekupinda chakakwirira. Harisi bhizimusi rekutengesa. Kubudirira kunoenderana nekuremekedza hunhu hwezvinhu, kuisa mari muvanhu chaivo uye maitiro, uye kunzwisisa kuti dzimwe nguva, mhinduro yakanaka inosanganisira kutaura mutengi kubva cobalt alloy uye kupinda mumhando yepamusoro-soro yesimbi isina tsvina iyo ichaita zvakakwana pachidimbu chemutengo uye musoro. Kuziva nguva yekusaishandisa kwakakosha sekuziva magadzirirwo ayo.
