Kana vanhu vazhinji vakanzwa 'complex metal casting', vanofungidzira kudirwa. Iyo inoshamisa, nguva yakanyungudutswa. Asi zvichida 5% yenyaya chaiyo. Iyo yakaoma haisi mumvura yesimbi; zviri mune zvose zvinoitika mberi uye shure. Iri mujometri inoita kuti mold yejecha isagoneke, iyo alloy inorwisa shrinkage nguva dzese, uye post-casting machining inoshandura kukanda kwakashata kuita chinhu chinoshanda. Kana iwe uchingofunga nezvekunyunguduka nekudira, iwe watove kumashure.
Iyo chaiyo Yekutanga Nzvimbo: Geometry ndiMambo
Iwe unowana kudhirowa, kana pamwe ingori 3D modhi. Mubvunzo wekutanga hausi chii chinonzi alloy? asi isu togadzira sei mold yeizvi? Chikamu chine machenera akadzika emukati, nzira dzepasi, kana madziro matete ari padyo nezvikamu zvakakura-ndipo panotangira dambudziko. Nekukanda jecha, kazhinji hauna rombo rakanaka. Iwe unoda mold inogona kutora iyo tsanangudzo, uye ndipo pane maitiro akadai Investment casting pinda. Unovaka mold uchitenderedza wakisi kana 3D-yakadhindwa pateni, wobva wanyungudutsa. Inokupa rusununguko, asi kutamba kunononoka, kwekuchenjera. Kona yega yega, dhizaini yega yega, yega inogona kupisa nzvimbo inofanirwa kutariswa panguva ino. Ita zvisizvo, uye iyo yakanakisa alloy munyika haizoponese iwe.
Ndinoyeuka imwe turbine blade prototype yatakashanda makore kumashure. The airfoil shape yaiva yakapihwa, macurves akanaka. Asi machani ekutonhora emukati? Iwo akagadzirwa neakangwara anopisa mainjiniya ane zero foundry ruzivo. Mawakisi aidiwa kugadzira machanera aya aive asina kusimba zvekuti aidonha nekumanikidzwa kwedhaka remarara. Takapedza mavhiki tichienda nekudzoka, tichigadzira madhayamita echiteshi uye shanduko radii, kwete yekushanda kweaerodynamic, asi yekuumbwa. Ndiyo hurukuro yakavanzika mukati yakaoma metal casting.
Apa ndipo panoratidza chiitiko chemuchitoro. Kambani yakadai Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), nemakumi emakore avo shell mold casting uye Investment casting, akaona zviuru zveizvi geometries. Vanokudziridza intuition yeizvo mold inogona kushivirira. Haisi chete software simulation; ipfungwa yekunzwa nezvekuti ceramic inoyerera sei ichitenderedza musimboti, kana kuti simbi inodhonzwa sei panguva yekusimba. Iwe haugone kunyepedzera izvozvo.
Iyo Material Maze: Haisi Ingori Simbi
Zvakanaka, saka watsemura mold. Zvino, chii chaunodira mariri? Stainless simbi ishoko risina zvarinoreva pano. Tiri kutaura 304 yekuora here? 316 zvemugungwa? Kana kuti tiri mundima ye17-4 PH, inoda kunyatsorapwa kupisa kuti iwane simba rayo rakayerwa? Sarudzo inoraira zvese: tembiricha yekudururira, chiyero chekusimba, mhando yekusimuka yaunoda kudyisa shrinkage.
Mhuka chaidzo ndiwo aloys akakosha. Nickel-yakavakirwa kana cobalt-yakavakirwa superalloys yeaerospace kana yakanyanyisa kupfeka application. Izvi hazvina kungonyungudutswa; vakagadzirwa. Ivo vane viscous, vane tsika yakashata yekugadzira yakaoma, brittle phases kana yakatonhodzwa zvisizvo, uye vanozodya kuburikidza neyakajairwa crucible lining. Kukandira izvi kwakafanana nekuvhiya murwere ari pamoto. Mucheto wemhosho ndeye minuscule. Kutaurwa kweQSY yekushanda neaya alloys akakosha haisi bullet point; chirevo chekugona. Zvinoreva kuti vakaisa mari mutekinoroji yechoto, zvidzoreso zvesimbi, uye zvinhu zvinoroverera kubata iro rudzi rwebasa.
Izvi ndakazvidzidza zvakaomarara papombi yepombi yebasa rinoita ngura. Takatsanangura duplex simbi isina tsvina. Papepa, zvakakwana. Asi kudzora kwedu kwekusimba kwakange kwakadzimwa - zvishoma. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive isina kuenzana chikamu reshiyo muzvikamu zvakakosha, zvichiita kuti ive nyore kune chloride kusagadzikana kupaza. Chikamu chacho chaitaridzika chakanaka, chakapfuura cheki cheki, asi chaive chisina kusimba. Iko kukundikana kwaive mune metallurgical structure, isingaonekwi neziso. Ndiyo chikamu chechipiri chekuoma.
Iro Bhiriji reKushanda: CNC Machining sechikamu cheMaitirwo
Heino fungidziro huru: kukanda uye kugadzira mabasa akasiyana. Kune zvikamu zvakaoma, iwo maitiro maviri emutambo mumwe chete. Iwe haugone kugadzira iyo yekukanda usingazive chaizvo kuti ichaitwa sei mu5-axis mill. Iwo akanaka, organic maumbirwo kazhinji anosiya pasina flat datum nzvimbo yekusungirira pairi. Saka, iwe unofanirwa kugadzira uye kukanda mumabhegi ekumisikidza ezvibairo, mabhosi ekumisikidza, kana maburi edatum anozogadziriswa mudanho rekupedzisira.
Kubatanidzwa uku kwakakosha. A foundry anewo mumba CNC machining, seQSY, ine mukana wakakura. Mainjiniya avo ekukanda vanotaura kune avo machining programmers zuva nezuva. Ivo vanonzwisisa kuti kudikitira kudiki kuhukobvu hwemadziro padivi rekukanda kunogona kureva mutsauko pakati peyakapusa 3-axis setup uye hope dzinotyisa dzetsika zvigadziriso uye 5-axis contouring. Ivo vanogadzira manufacturability mukati meyese process chain.
Isu takambove nemuviri wevharuvhu uko zviso zvechisimbiso zvakakomba zvaisaita muchina nekuti yekukanda yemukati geometry yakagadzira kutinhira kweharmonic panguva yekugaya. Mhinduro yakanga isiri machining kugadzirisa; yakanga ichigadzira patsva chimiro chembabvu yemukati yekukanda pachayo kuti iwedzere kunyorova. Imba inowanika inokasa chete ingadai ichangobva kutumira kune-kudhinda chikamu chisingagoni kupera. Chitoro chakabatanidzwa chinogadzirisa dambudziko chairo.
Pane Zvinhu Zvakaipa: Iyo Gating uye Kudyisa Puzzle
Iri ndiro rima chairo. Gating - hurongwa hwemachani anotungamira simbi muforoma - uye kudyisa - kushandisa risers yesimbi yakanyungudutswa kubhadhara shrinkage - ndiko uko dzidziso inosangana nehuipi hwechokwadi. Unogona kuitevedzera, asi simulation yacho yakanaka chete seyako yemidziyo yemidziyo, uye izvo zvinoshanduka nekupisa kutsva kwesimbi.
Chinangwa ndechekusimbaradza kwakanangana: unoda kuti chikamu chiome kubva kure-kure, zvibodzwa zvakatetepa kudzokera kunosimudzwa, izvo zvinogara zvakanyungudika kureba. Kana ikaomesa zvisina tsarukano, unowana shrinkage porosity. Tiny internal voids inouraya pressure tightness kana kuneta simba. Kune chimiro chakaoma, kuwana nzira iyi ipikicha. Dzimwe nguva unoda akawanda anosimuka munzvimbo dzisinganzwisisike. Dzimwe nguva iwe unoshandisa maoko ekudzivirira kana exothermic pads pane zvinosimuka kuti zvirambe zvichipisa. Iro rekushandisa remanomano.
Ndakaona madhirigi asina mhosva kunze asi, payakaiswa X-ray, yaiita kunge chizi yeSwiss mukati nekuti kudyisa kwainge kwakashata. Chikamu chakapfuura kuongorora kwekuona asi chingadai chakakundikana mubasa zvinoshamisa. Iyo inokwanisa dhizaini ichave yakaomesesa NDT (Isiri-Kuparadza Kuedza) protocol yeichi chikonzero chaicho. Haisi yekuwedzera; idanho rinokosha kune chero yakaoma metal casting ichizviti ine chimiro kana kuti ine dzvinyiriro.
The Human Factor: Chiitiko seyekupedzisira Algorithm
Pakupedzisira, mushure mekutaura kwe tekinoroji, inosvika kuvanhu. Software haisati yakwanisa kunyatso tsanangura kunyorova zvishoma, batch yealloy ine trace elements pamucheto wepamusoro we spec, kana nzira iyo ganda receramic rinogona kutsemuka panguva yekudururwa nekukurumidza. Apa ndipo pane makore makumi matatu echikwata senge nyaya dzeQSY. Kuzivikanwa kwemaitiro. Ndiye veteran choto opareta anogona kunzwa shanduko mukunyungudika ruzha uye kugadzirisa tembiricha isati yanyoreswa thermocouple. Ndiye maneja wemhando anoziva kuti kune iyi nickel alloy, unofanirwa kuwedzera nguva yekutonhodza muforoma ne20% pamazuva ezhizha ane mwando.
Chiitiko ichi chinoshandura chitoro kubva kune simbi-kudira sevhisi kuita mupi wemhinduro. Vanorega kungoita maorder-taker votanga kuva consultants. Ivo vanosundidzira kumashure pane dhizaini, vakurudzira shanduko yezvinhu inochengetedza mutengo pasina kukanganisa basa, kana kukurudzira imwe nzira yekukanda zvachose. Paunenge uchibata nekuoma kwechokwadi, kubatana uku ndiko chete chinhu chinovimbisa kubudirira. Iwe hausi kungotenga yekukanda; uri kutenga kutongwa kwakaunganidzwa. Uye mune iyi ndima, kutonga ikoko, kwakagadzirwa kwemakumi emakore uye asingaverengeki matani esimbi, ndiyo yakanyanya kuoma-uye yakakosha-chinhu chezvose.
