Kana vanhu vazhinji vanonzwa 'custom investment casting', vanofananidzira chikamu chisina chikanganiso, chine mambure chakananga kunze kweganda receramic, chagadzirira kuungana. Mabhurocha nemawebhusaiti anoita kuti zviite semashiripiti. Chokwadi, icho chikamu chinobhadhara mabhiri uye chinoita kuti vatengi vadzoke, ndezvekutonga izvo zvisingaonekwe: iyo shrinkage zvinhu zvisiri mubhuku reiyo chaiyo alloy musanganiswa, nzira iyo imwe yepakati dhizaini dhizaini inogona kuchinjisa goko rese panguva yedewax, kana pamusoro pekupedzisira kutengeserana-kunze paunenge uchidzingirira ese ari maviri matete madziro uye mukati maomarara. Hazvisi zvekungogadzira mold; ndezvekufanoona cheni yese yezviitiko kubva ku3D modhi kusvika kumagumo, akagadzirwa chikamu.
Nheyo: Inotanga (uye Kazhinji Inogumburwa) nePateni
Wese munhu anotarisa pane simbi, asi nhanho chaiyo yekutanga ndeye pateni tooling. Ndakaona mapurojekiti achikanganiswa pano kupfuura kumwe kupi kumwe. Iwe haugone kungotora modhi yeCAD uye kugaya pateni kufa. Iwe unofanirwa kushandisa iyo shrink mutemo, asi ndeipi? Muyero wakadhindwa we316 isina tsvina inzvimbo yekutanga, asi mukuita, inoshanduka neiyo geometry. Chinhu chakareba, chakatetepa chinomanikidza shrinkage zvakasiyana pane chikamu chakakura. Takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma pakutanga, tichigadzira batch yemitumbi yevharuvhu yaive yakanyatsokwana paCMM kunze kweiyo yakaoma flange kumeso - yakabviswa nekungoringana kukonzeresa nyaya yekuisa chisimbiso. Iyo alloy yakanyura sezvakafanotaurwa, asi iyo pateni haina kuverengera kutonhora kwekusiyanisa. Zvino, isu tinovaka mukubhadhara zvichienderana nechikamu chetopology, kwete chikamu chegumbeze chete.
Ipapo pane iyo pateni zvinhu pachayo. Nokuda kwezwi rakaderera tsika mari kukanda, kukurumidza prototyping seSLA kana wax kudhinda kuri kuyedza. Inokurumidza. Asi pakumhanya kwezvidimbu makumi mashanu, kuwirirana kwealuminum yakagadzirwa nemichina kana simbi inofa yakakosha mutengo wepamberi. Nzvimbo yewakisi yakadhindwa ine mavara, nhanho diki, inoenda kugoko receramic uyezve kusimbi. Kana iwe uchida Ra 63 microinch kana zvirinani se-cast surface, idambudziko. Mari yekutanga inopera nekuwedzera mari yekupedzisa.
Apa ndipo panoratidza chiitiko chemudiwa. Kambani yakadai Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), nemakumi matatu emakore avo, sezvingabvira yakavaka zviuru zvepateni inofa. Iyo raibhurari yenhoroondo data yemaitiro akasiyana maumbirwo muforoma yakakosha. Ndiwo mutsauko uripo pakati petioretical shrink uye yakasimbiswa, yakakwenenzverwa imwe ye turbine blade maringe nepombi imba.
Iyo Shell Game: Ceramics, Stucco, uye Kuomesa Nguva
Iyo shell yekuvaka maitiro ndiko uko art inosangana nesainzi. Iyo yekutanga slurry jasi yakakosha pakupera kwepamusoro, asi majasi ekuchengetedza ndeyesimba. Sarudzo yestucco - zircon, yakasanganiswa silica, alumino-silicate - zvinoenderana nekudururwa kwealloy tembiricha uye chikamu chekupisa chinodiwa. Kudira nickel-based superalloy? Iwe unenge uchitoshandisa zirconia-based face jasi uye stucco kudzivirira simbi-mold kuita. Asi zvinodhura. Kune akawanda kabhoni simbi yekushandisa, yakasanganiswa silica system inoshanda nemazvo uye inoderedza mutengo.
Nguva yekuomesa pakati pedips muurayi akanyarara wehurongwa uye mhando. Rumbidza, uye iwe unoteya unyoro. Kutsikirira kwehutsi panguva yekutevera kwepamusoro-tembiricha dewax inogona kutsemura goko kubva mukati kuenda kunze. Isu takamborasikirwa nemuti wese wemabhuraketi emuchadenga nekuti humidity spike mukamuri yekuomesa haina kuverengerwa. Makungu aitaridzika zvakanaka kusvika aputika mu dewax autoclave. Iye zvino, isu tinotarisisa ambient mamiriro zvakanyanya senge slurry viscosity.
Ukobvu hweShell imwe danidzo yekutonga. Kukora kwakasimba, asi kunorevawo mutengo wakawanda wezvinhu, nguva refu yekudziya yeforoma isati yadururwa, uye inogona kuwedzera kutonhora kwesimbi. Kune chikamu chakatetepa-chakakomberedzwa, iwe unoda ganda rakasimba kudzivirira kutyoka panguva yekubata, asi iwe haudi huremu hunopisa hunononoka kusimba uye kugadzira nyaya dzezviyo. Ndiro chiyero chaunodzidza kubva pakunzwa, kazhinji nekutyora mashoma ematehwe ekuyedza kutarisa kugona uye simba.
Dewax uye Kupisa: Kuchinja kusingaonekwe
Dewax haisi kungonyungudusa wakisi. Ma autoclave emazuva ano anoshandisa high-pressure steam kuinyungudusa nekuiputisa nekukasira. Kiyi ndeyekumhanyisa uye kudzvanywa kwekudzora - buritsa wakisi isati yawedzera zvakakwana kutsemura ceramic. Asi mushure medova, une goko risina chinhu, risina kusimba. Kupisa kunobva kwaipisa kusvika pa1000 ° C kupisa chero yasara patani, sinter ma ceramic particles pamwechete kuti isimba, uye kuunza mold kusvika kumatembiricha ekudira. Kana chiyero cherampu chiri kukurumidza, kuvhunduka kwekushisa kunokonzera kutsemuka. Kunonoka, uye uri kutambisa nguva nesimba muchoto. Iyi yakachena process craft, kazhinji yakananga kune shell system uye chikamu saizi.
Metallurgy uye Kudurura: Iko Kunoitwa Sarudzo Yemvura
Ino ndiyo nguva yechokwadi. Iwe une mold inopisa uye choto chesimbi yakanyungudutswa. Sarudzo yezvinhu inoita seyakatwasuka kubva kune spec sheet, asi iyo melt tsika ndiyo zvese. Semuenzaniso, nesimbi dzisina tsvina, kudzora nitrogen yemukati kwakakosha pakuita ngura. Iwe haugone kungokanda zvimedu muchoto chekupinza. Iyo yekuchaja makeup inoda kudzorwa.
Degassing imwe nhanho yakakosha, kunyanya kune aruminiyamu alloys kana masimbi anoda yakanyanya kuneta simba. Hydrogen pickup kubva munyoro ndiye muvengi. Iwe unozozviona gare gare seporosity mumaradiographs. Isu tinoshanda nemhando kubva kusimbi yakakandwa kune yakakosha alloys senge cobalt-based Stellite, uye imwe neimwe ine yayo yekutamba. Kudurura cobalt alloy yechigaro chevharuvhu chinopfeka chikara chakasiyana kubva pakudurura ductile iron yegiya rekugara. Tembiricha yekupisa, kumhanya kwekudurura kudzivirira kusagadzikana, kushandiswa kwechando muforoma kunangisa kusimba… zvese izvi sarudzo dzinoitwa mumaminitsi zvichienderana nekuongororwa kwekupisa uye geometry yechikamu.
Kutaurwa kweQSY kwekushanda nema alloys akakosha senge nickel-based uye cobalt-based iwo chiratidzo chekugona. Izvi hazvisi nyore zvinhu. Ivo vane nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzekunyungudika, dzinowanzo shanda, uye dzinoda kunyatso kudzora kwemafuta kuti vazadzise zvavanoda zvivakwa (sezvinokambaira muchikamu cheturbine). Kubata zvinhu izvi nechivimbo zvinoreva kuti vakaisa mari muchoto chaiyo tekinoroji uye vane hunyanzvi hwesimbi yekuitsigira.
Zvinozoitika: Kuchenesa, Kupedzisa, uye CNC Handshake
Kana kukanda kwatonhora uye watsemura goko, unosara uine chikamu chakaomarara chakasungirirwa kune yayo gating system. Iyo knockout process inoda kutarisirwa - haudi kukuvadza zvinhu zvisina kusimba zvauchangobva kugadzira. Zvino kunouya kucheka-kubviswa, kazhinji nevhiri rinoputika kana bhendi saw. Mushure maizvozvi, kukuya kubvisa magedhi stubs. Iri ibasa remaoko, rine unyanzvi. A grinder anoziva chikamu anogona kukuchengetedza machining nguva gare gare; uyo asingade anogona kugaya kure critical datum surfaces.
Apa ndipo panobatanidzwa ne CNC machining inova isiri-kutaurirana kune chaiyo zvikamu. Mashoma mashoma ekudyara castings ari echokwadi mambure-chimiro kune anoshanda maapplication. Unoda zviso zvemuchina zvekuisa chisimbiso, akaboorwa uye akatepwa makomba ane chaiwo makirasi eshinda, kana kufinhwa madhayamita ane kushivirira kwakasimba. Kubatsira kukuru kwe Investment casting hezvino izvo zvinokupa iwe yepedyo-net-shape preform, ichidzikisa huwandu hweanodhura alloy iwe unofanirwa kuchina kure. Inopa zvakare inowirirana uye shoma stock allowance, iyo inoita kuti machinist amhanye zvine hukasha, anofungidzira maturusi nzira.
Kuve nekukandira uye kugadzira pasi pedenga rimwe, sezvinoita QSY, kunobvisa hombe poindi yekupokana. Chikwata chekukanda chinonyatsoziva kuti ndechipi stock yekusiira kune machinists. Iwo machinist anonzwisisa zvinogona kukanda anomalies (sekunge kudiki kwepakati mashifiti kana kushoma kwepamusoro porosity) uye vanogona kuronga oparesheni yekutanga kuchenesa nzvimbo dzakanyanya kukosha kutanga. Iyi synergy ndiyo inoshandura kukanda kwakanaka kuita chinhu chakavimbika, chepamusoro-soro. Kuedza kurongedza izvi kune vaviri vakasiyana vatengesi kutemwa nemusoro wezvinhu, kupa mhosva-kuchinja, uye yakawedzerwa nguva yekutungamira.
Mhedziso: Tsika Chaiyo iri muKutongwa
Saka, tsika inomborevei pano? Hazvisi zvekungogadzira chimiro chakasiyana. Zviri pamusoro pemutongo wakaunganidzwa unoshandiswa padanho rega rega rekuita. Iko kusarudza iyo chaiyo shrink factor yeiyi lobe pane impeller. Iri kufunga kuwedzera rimwe jasi receramic pane imwe chiso chegoko nekuti iyo yekupisa modhi inoratidza nzvimbo inopisa. Iko kugadzirisa gating dhizaini kubva kubasa rekupedzisira rakafanana kuvandudza goho ne5%.
Kukosha kwekushanda kwenguva refu hakusi muzvinyorwa zvavo zvemidziyo; iri mudura ravo repfungwa rematambudziko akagadziriswa. Pavanotarisa pamufananidzo mutsva, havasi kungoona mitsetse; ivo vari kuona iyo pateni inofa, iyo goko kuvakwa, kudurura, kusimba kwepamberi, uye yekupedzisira machining kuseta. Ndiyo tsika mu tsika mari kukanda - chirongwa chakanyatsogadzirwa chekugadzira, kwete kungoita basa rekuumba. Chikamu chinosvika pachiteshi chemutengi mhedzisiro yezana, sarudzo diki, dzine ruzivo, zhinji dzacho dzisingambouyi mugwaro rekotesheni.
