Vanhu vazhinji pavanonzwa 'DIY metal casting', vanofananidzira mukomana ari mugaraji achinyungudusa magaba esoda muchoto chemba. Ndiyo vhezheni yerudo, uye kutaura chokwadi, ndipo panotanga vanhu vazhinji - neniwo ndakazviita. Asi pane mukaha mukuru pakati pazvo uye kugadzira chikamu chinoshanda, chakakwana chisingatsemuke kana chine porosity yakavanzika. Chigadzirwa chaicho hachisi chekungowana mvura yesimbi; ndezvekutonga zvese zvinoitika pamberi uye mushure menguva iyoyo. Zvizhinji zvezvidzidzo zvepamhepo zvinosvetuka zvikamu zvakaoma: dhizaini dhizaini, gating masisitimu, kutonga shrinkage, uye kupisa kurapwa. Ivo vanoita kuti zviite senge purojekiti yekupera kwevhiki, asi kuti uwane mibairo inowirirana, iwe unofanirwa kufunga senge yakavakirwa, kunyangwe padiki.
Nheyo: Inotanga (Uye Kazhinji Inokundikana) Nemuenzaniso
Kukanda kwako kwakanaka chete sepateni yako. Kukandira jecha, zvinoreva kunzwisisa dhizaini, kupedzisa kwakaringana, uye kugadzikana kwezvinhu. Ndatambisa maawa akawanda kupfuura zvandinoda kubvuma kuveza mapatani akaomarara kubva pahuni, chete kuita kuti akwire nehunyoro kana kuti anamira zvisina tariro mujecha panguva yeram-up. Polystyrene foam yekurasika-furo kukanda inoita senge nzira yekudimbudzira, asi kudzora kutsva uye kukanganiswa kwegasi kunokonzeresa imwe sainzi. Iyo pateni ndiyo purani, uye kana yakadzimwa, zvese zviri pasi pemvura zvichave zvakare. Apa ndipo paunoona kuti sei zvipfeko zvehunyanzvi zvinoda Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY) shandisa mapatani emichina kana hunyanzvi hwekugadzira mold yavo shell mold casting uye Investment casting basa-chaizvo panguva ino inobvisa nyika yemarwadzo gare gare.
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvepateni kunokosha zvikuru. Kune bhuraketi iri nyore, pine inogona kushanda. Kune chimwe chinhu chine ruzivo rwakanaka kana chinoda kudururwa kwakawanda, denser hardwood, urethane resin, kana kunyange simbi inodiwa. Iyo yekupisa yekuwedzera coefficient yeako pateni zvinhu inogona kukanganisa ukuru mhango saizi, kunyanya mujecha-rakasungwa resin. Iri ruzivo rwevazhinji vanoita zvekutamba havafungidzire kusvika vawana chikamu chiri mamirimita mashoma pasi uye vanoshamisika kuti sei.
Ipapo pane gedhi nekusimuka system. Iyi haisi nzira yesimbi chete; i hydraulic uye thermal control network. Kudira simbi hakuna kufanana nekudira mvura. Inotonhora, inoderera, inoteya mhepo. Ndakadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma negiya diki realuminium. Ndakagadzira pateni yakanaka, ndikarongedza mold yegreensand, ndokudira. Giya racho rairatidza kuti rakakwana...kusvikira ndagadzira pamusoro ndikawana mhango muhombe mumudzi wezino chaimo. Simbi yakaomeswa kubva kunze mukati, uye nzvimbo yekupedzisira kuomesa - nzvimbo inopisa - yakanga isina dura resimbi yekuidyisa. Ndizvo zvinoita risers. Kuzvigadzira nemazvo zvinoda kunzwisisa maitiro ekusimba eiyo alloy yako chaiyo, chimwe chinhu chinobva kune ruzivo kana kudzidza kwakadzama.
Iyo Crucible yekunyungudika: Alloys, Tembiricha, uye Atmosphere
Kunyungudika ndicho chikamu chinoshamisa, asi zviri nyore kuita zvakaipa. Aluminium haisi chinhu chimwe chete. Uri kunyungudutsa 6061 extrusions? 300-yakatevedzana soda magaba? Ivo vane akasiyana silicon uye magnesium zviri mukati, izvo zvakanyanya kukanganisa fluidity, shrinkage, uye yekupedzisira simba. Ndakamboedza kukanda mubato kubva kumagaba akanyunguduka. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive isina brittle, yakazara nemaokisi, uye yaiwanzobvaruka nekupisa. Iyo yekusachena nhanho mune yechipiri aluminium yakakwira, uye pasina degassing uye kwakaringana fluxing, uri kungokanda matambudziko muchikamu.
Kudzora tembiricha kwakakosha. Kunyanya kutonhora, uye simbi haizadzi zvikamu zvitete. Kunyanya kupisa, uye iwe unowedzera gasi kunyura, oxidation, uye njodzi yekupisa kunze kwejecha mold (mugreensand). A pyrometer haigone kutaurirana kune chero chinhu chinopfuura zvakanyanya kudira. Zvesimbi dzakaita sesimbi yakakandwa kana the alloys akakosha (cobalt-based alloys, nickel-based alloys, nezvimwewo) kuti makambani akaita seQSY kubata, kudzora kwemhepo kunova kwakakosha kudzivirira oxidation uye kurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha alloying. Zvigadziriso zvavo zvemaindasitiri zvine mabindu ekupinza uye nharaunda dzakadzorwa dziri kure-makore kure kubva kune marasha-anopisa crucible, uye nechikonzero chakanaka.
Kudururwa pachako inguva yechokwadi. Inoda kukurumidza zvakakwana kudzivirira kutonhora nguva isati yakwana asi yakatsetseka uye isina mhirizhonga kudzivirira kupinza mweya uye slag. Ndakaona makanda akawanda aparadzwa nekudirwa murombo pane kunyungudika kwakaipa. Mafungiro anochinja kubva pakudurura simbi kusvika pakuzadza gomba reforoma nenzira inodzorwa. Musiyano wakajeka asi wakakosha.
Mold Zvishandiso: Kupfuura Kungosviba
Greensand ndiyo mushonga wegedhi. Yakachipa, inogona kushandiswazve, uye inoregerera. Asi simba rayo uye hunhu hwekupisa hunodzikamisa iyo tsanangudzo uye dimensional kurongeka kwaunogona kuwana. Kuti uwane maficha akanaka, unoenda kune jecha rakasungirirwa resin (sefuran kana phenolic), kana munzvimbo yeceramic. Shell mold casting, chirongwa chepakati cheQSY, chinoshandisa jecha rakavharwa neresin rinoumba goko rakatetepa, rakaomarara rakatenderedza patani. Iyo inopa yakanakisa kupedzisa kwepamusoro uye kurongeka kwedimensional, yakakwana kune yakakwira-vhoriyamu kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvidiki. Kuedza kudzokorora kuti kumba kwakaoma-kubata nemhando inopisa, musanganiswa wejecha-resin, uye ovheni yekurapa inoda kuiswa kwakatsaurirwa.
Investment casting (rasika-namo) ndiye mambo ane udzame. Iwe unogona kutora mavara uye undercuts izvo zvisingagoneke nejecha. Iyo DIY vhezheni inoshandisa plaster-silica musanganiswa wekudyara. Kubata? Kugadzirisa kukwidziridzwa uye kudhonzwa kweese patani yewakisi uye ganda receramic panguva yekudonha uye kupfura. Kana zvisingaenderane, goko rinotsemuka. Zvadaro, panguva yekudira, simbi inopisa inorova ganda re ceramic inotonhora, iyo inogona kukonzera kupisa kwekushisa. Preheating mold kwakakosha, asi kuwana chero kupisa pasina kutsemuka ichiyero chakapfava. Iyo nzira yekugadzirisa kushushikana padanho rega rega.
Refractory coatings for furnaces and crucibles ndiwo buri ravo retsuro. Iyo yakachipa yevhu-graphite crucible inoshatisa nekukurumidza nemamwe maalloys, ichisvibisa kunyungudika kwako. Kuisa choto chepamba nemusanganiswa usiriwo werefractory kunogona kukonzera kutadza kukuru-ndakamboita imwe yakapfava nekudonha panguva yekunyunguduka, zvinova zvine njodzi sekunzwika kwazvinoita. Sainzi yezvinhu zviri seri kwe mold uye refractory media chirango pachayo.
Kana Zvinhu Zvikashata: Chokwadi Chekukanganisa
Shrinkage porosity, maburi egasi, zvivharo zvinotonhora, zvivharo, misruns, misodzi inopisa-mazwi ekukundikana akakura. Kuremara kwese kunotaurira nyaya pamusoro pezvakakanganisika mukuita. Gomba rinopenya, rakatenderedzwa mukati mechikamu? Ndiyo gasi porosity, zvichida kubva munyoro muforoma kana yakanyungudutswa haidrojeni mukunyunguduka. Imba isina kurongeka, ine spongy? Ndiko kuderera, dambudziko rekudya. Musono unooneka pamusoro paisangana mativi maviri esimbi asi asina kubatana? Ndiko kuvharwa nechando, kureva kuti simbi yainge yanyanya kutonhorera kana kuti kudira kunonokera.
Kugadzirisa nyaya idzi ndipo panosangana dzidziso. Zvinokumanikidza kuti uongorore ese akasiyana: jecha hunyoro hwemukati, kuoma kwe mold, tembiricha yekudurura, alloy kuumbwa, gating dhizaini. Kashoma kuwana mhinduro imwechete. Semuenzaniso, kutonhora kunovhara kunogona kugadziriswa nekuwedzera tembiricha yekudira, asi izvo zvinogona kuunza matambudziko egasi. Saka pamwe iwe unofanirwa kugadzirisa zvakare masuwo kuti ave akakura kana kushandura nzvimbo yavo kuti uvandudze kuyerera kwesimbi. Iyi inodzokororwa, yekugadzirisa matambudziko ndiwo moyo chaiwo we DIY metal casting. Ndosaka maitiro acho achipindwa muropa uye achishungurudza. Hausi kungoita chikamu; uri kugadzira yenguva pfupi, inoraswa system (iyo mold) kuigadzira.
Uyu ndiwo mutsauko wakakura pakati peahobbyist's one-off uye indasitiri yekugadzira. Kambani yakadai QSY, nemakumi emakore mukati kugadzira uye kugadzira, yakaona hurema hwese hunogona kuitika uye ine maitiro akaenzana, kutarisa kwemhando, uye post-casting CNC machining kugadzirisa mitsaukano midiki kana kuwedzera iko chaiko. Basa ravo ne simbi, simbi, simbi isina tsvina inowedzera zvidimbu zvekuoma maererano nekunyunguduka, fluidity, uye shrinkage mazinga ayo akawanda maDIYers haazombobata.
Iyo Post-Casting Grind: Kupedzisa chikamu cheMaitirwo
Kuumbwa kunobuda muforoma, uye basa raitwa hafu. Une masprue, masuwo, uye masimudziro ekudambura. Ipapo pane kukuya, kujecha, uye kungangoita kupisa kurapwa. Kucheka magedhi neakona grinder kwakatwasuka, asi iwe unofanirwa kungwarira kuti usakweshe chikamu kana kugadzira kupisa kwakakwana kushandura iyo microstructure, kunyanya mumasimbi emidziyo kana alloys anoomesa mweya.
Kupisa kupisa ibasa dema kune vasina kudzidza. Aluminium alloys seA356 inoda mhinduro yekupisa uye kuchembera (T6 temper) kuti vasvike kusimba kwavo kuzere. Kune simbi, ungangoda kudzikamisa, anneal, kudzima, uye hasha. Kuita izvi zvisizvo kunogona kuita sekunge kwakaperera kukanda brittle kana kupfava zvakanyanya. Inoda honi inodzorwa uye ruzivo rwenguva-tembiricha-shanduko (TTT) dhayagiramu kune yako chaiyo alloy. Mazhinji mapurojekiti eDIY anomira pa-as-cast state, iyo yezvikamu zvakawanda inoshanda zvakanaka asi isiri yakakwana.
Pakupedzisira, pane Machining. Vashoma vanokandwa vakaita semambure. Nzvimbo inotakura ingada kutenderedzwa, maburi angada kuboorwa nekugochwa, kana kuti chiso chinosungirirwa chingada kugayiwa. Apa ndipo panobatanidzwa kukanda uye machining, sezvinoonekwa pane yakazara-sevhisi inopa (iwe unogona kuona mienzaniso yemaitiro avo akabatanidzwa pa. https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), ine simba kwazvo. Ivo vanogona kugadzira iyo chikamu nemachining mvumo mupfungwa kubva pakutanga, kuikanda, uye vozoipedzisa kune chaiyo kushivirira mumba. Kune iyo DIY caster, izvi zvinowanzoreva yechipiri, yakaenzana kunyura mukati mebhuku kana CNC machining kuita kuti kukanda kushandiswe zvechokwadi.
Saka, DIY metal casting isuwo. Inotanga nesimbi inonyunguduka, asi kana ukaramba wakanamatira nayo, inokukwevera muzvinhu zvesainzi, fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, uye mechanical design. Inokuninipisa nekukundikana uye inokupa mubairo nekugutsikana kukuru kwekubata chinhu chakaoma, chakasimba chesimbi chawakagadzira kubva kune mbishi uye ruzivo. Mukaha uripo pakati pekudirwa kwechivanze nekukandwa kwemaindasitiri haungori wechiyero; kuenderera mberi kwekutonga, kunzwisisa, nekunatsiridza. Uye ndiro dambudziko chairo—uye kunakidzwa chaiko—kwezvose.
