Kana vanhu vazhinji vakanzwa 'zvakanyanya kurongeka machining', vanobva vafunga nezve kushivirira kwakasimba. Iwe unoziva, iyo ± 0.001 kana kunyange ± 0.0002 callouts padhirowa. Ndicho chikamu chazvo, asi ndicho chikamu chiri nyore kutsanangura. Chinetso chaicho, chikamu chinoparadzanisa chitoro chinogona kutaura kuti chinozviita kubva kune chinogona kugara chichiendesa, chinogara mune zvisingabatike. Iri mukudzikama kwekupisa kwechishandiso chemushini pamusoro pekumhanya kwemaawa masere, iwo madiki-musiyano mubatch ye17-4 PH isina tsvina, uye nzira iyo chikamu chinokanganisa paunozochisunungura mushure mekupedzisira kupera kwekupedzisira. Zvitoro zvakawanda, kunyanya izvo zvitsva kumabasa ekushivirira zvakanyanya, zvinogadziriswa pamashini emushini - iwo mutsara zviyero, iyo laser calibration inoshuma. Ndiro chete tikiti rekupinda. Basa chairo rinotanga mushure mekunge muchina waiswa.
Nheyo: Inotangira Spindle Isati Yatendeuka
Iwe haugone kubhaudhira chirukwa chepamusoro-soro panheyo inozununguka uye kutarisira zvishamiso. Ndakadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma kare. Taive nepurojekiti inoda micro-milling maficha pane nickel-based alloy chikamu cheiyo fluidic control system. Iwo madhindiki aida kupedzwa kwepamusoro uye kushivirira kwenzvimbo izvo zvaive, kutaura chokwadi, zvinotyisa. Isu taive neanokwanisa 5-axis chigayo, asi isu takaramba tichiwana zvisingawirirane pachikamu chechitatu kana chechina mubatch. Zvikarakadzo zvemitengo zvaitiuraya.
Kubudirira kwacho hakuna kuuya kubva ku tweaking feeds nekumhanya. Zvakabva pakutarisa pasi. Muchina wacho wakanga uri paslab yefekitari, asi wakanga uri pedyo negonhi rinotakura zvinhu. Iyo miniti iyo forklift yakatyairwa, kana kunyangwe iyo HVAC system payakatanga, taiona kudedera - kusingaonekwe, asi kwakaringana kuratidza senge chatter mucherechedzo kana kudhiraivha padanho. Takazoisa faundesheni yakatsaurirwa, iri yoga yemuchina iwoyo, tichiibatanidza kubva pauriri hwefekitari. Yakanga iri nzira inodhura, inovhiringidza, asi ndiyo chete nzira yekubvisa kuchinja ikoko. Ndiro divi risina kunaka re yakanyanyisa precision machining: dzimwe nguva chinonyanya kukosha ndeyekongiri.
Apa ndipo apo ruzivo muzvinhu zvesainzi zvinova zvisingagone kutaurirana. Kushanda nema alloys akakosha seInconel kana cobalt-chrome hakusi kwekushandisa zvakanyanya kuoma. Izvo ndezvekunzwisisa kuti izvo zvakasara kushushikana kubva pakukanda kana kufogisa zvinoita sei kana watanga kubvisa zvinhu. Ndakaona zvikamu zvakashongedzwa zvakanaka mazuva abva pamushini sezvo kushushikana kwemukati kudzikamiswa. Ikozvino, isu tinowanzo batanidza nhanho-yekuzorodza nhanho pakati pekuita, kana kutogadzira gadziriso yekubvumira fungidziro, inodzorwa kufamba. Kutamba pakati pendangariro yesimbi negwara rekushandisa.
Iyo Tooling Paradox: Kana Mubati Akakosha Kupfuura Kucheka
Taura kune chero machinist nezve kurongeka, uye nhaurirano inokurumidza kutendeukira kukushandisa. Asi pane zvakajairika gomba: kunyanya-kudyara mumudziyo wekucheka pachako uchiregeredza zvese kumusoro. Kubatana pakati peiyo spindle uye yekucheka kumucheto iketani yekugona kukanganisa. A premium, sub-micron tolerance end mill haibatsiri kana yakagara mucollet yakasakara kana chibatiso chisina kubatwa zvakanaka.
Isu takamira pane yakakwira-chaiyo, yakagadzika maturusi emidziyo makore apfuura. Musiyano mukumhanya uye kudzokorora wakakurumidza kuoneka, kunyanya mukupedzisa mashandiro. Asi chidzidzo chikuru chaiva mukutungamirira. Isu taifanira kuita yakaomesesa calibration uye kugadzirisa hurongwa hwematurusi system pachayo. Haisi set it wokanganwa iyo asset. Kuchinja kwetembiricha muchitoro, kunyangwe zvidiki zvinokanganisa, zvinogona kukanganisa kutarisisa kwemuridzi. Ikozvino, kutarisa uye kunyora mubati runout itsika sekuchinja inoisa.
Inotonhodza haisiri yekubvisa chip uye kutonhodza zvakare. Muchokwadi kunyatsojeka shanda, kunyanya neexotic alloys, kuumbwa kwemakemikari uye kumanikidza kwekutumira kweinotonhorera kunogona kukanganisa kutendeseka kwepamusoro uye kunyangwe hupenyu hwezvishandiso. Isu takanga tine nyaya ine 316L isina tsvina chikamu patakaramba tichiwana microscopic pitting pane yakakosha yekuisa chisimbiso. Mushure mekunetesa nzira yekushandisa uye zvishandiso zvekushandisa, takatarisa pane inotonhorera. Zvakazoitika zvishoma kukura kwebhakitiriya (chimwe chinhu chausingaone mukukasira) chaikanganisa lubricity pane yekucheka interface. Kuchinjira kune imwe yakagadzikana, kuchengetedza-yakanyanya kutonhorera regimen yakazvigadzirisa. Ndiwo aya echipiri-nechitatu-odha maitiro anotonga maitiro.
Kuyera ndiyo Maitiro, Kwete Chekupedzisira Cheki
Uku kungava kushanduka kukuru kwemafungiro. Mukugadzira machining, unochina chikamu, wobva wachiyera. Mukushanda kwakanyanyisa kwakanyatsojeka, kuyerwa kunobatanidzwa, kazhinji mukuita. Pa-muchina kuongorora haisi yeumbozha; chinhu chinodiwa pakubhadhara kukura kwekupisa kwemuchina kana chikamu. Asi kunyange izvozvo zvine pazvinogumira.
Isu takadyara mari muCMM yepamusoro-soro kuti isimbiswe kwekupedzisira, asi takakurumidza kuona kuti zvaidiwa kwezvakatipoteredza zvaive zvakasimba semachining cell. Inogara munzvimbo yayo pachayo inodzorwa tembiricha. Iyo inovhundutsa ndiyo yaive calibration artifact - iyo master sphere yatinoshandisa kuita CMM. Iyo dhayamita yakasimbiswa ine coefficient yekuwedzera kwekupisa. Kana tisina kurega sphere inoenderana nekushisa kwekamuri yeCMM kwenguva yakatarwa isati yaita yakaoma calibration, taiunza kukanganisa padanho rakakosha. Icho chiyeuchidzo chinozvininipisa kuti chese chinongedzo mucheni chine basa.
Dzimwe nguva, izvo zvinodiwa kushivirira zvinosundira kupfuura kugona kweiyo tactile CMMs. Kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinoonekwa kana kuti fluidic, taifanira kudyidzana nemaLab anoshandisa mainterferometer akachena-mwenje kana kurongedza mamicroscopes. Iyo yekutora ndeyekuti iwe unofanirwa kuziva miganhu yemetrology yako uye uve nehurongwa hwakajeka hwezvakarerekera kupfuura. Iwe haugone kuvimbisa 0.1-micron Ra pamusoro pekupedzisira neyakabata ruoko profilometer.
Nyaya Iripo: Kubva Kukandira Kusvika Chikamu Chapera
Apa ndipo panoratidza vertically integrated approach inoratidza kukosha kwayo. Tora kambani yakafanana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Neanopfuura makore makumi matatu ekukandira uye kugadzira, vanoona rwendo rwose. Paunenge uchivavarira yakanyanyisa precision machining pane chakakandwa chikamu, haugone kubata machining nhanho sechitsuwa. Hunhu uye kuenderana kwekutanga kukanda-kungave kwavo kwakasarudzika goko mold kana kuisa mari-inoisa sirin'i kune izvo zvinogoneka muCNC cell.
Ndinoyeuka chirongwa chinobatanidza pombi yakaoma yekugara mu duplex simbi isina tsvina. Chikamu chaida masilinda akadzika, akanyatsobored ane mhedziso yakasimba. Iyo yekutanga (kwete QSY mune iyi kesi) yakaunza castings yaitaridzika zvakanaka nemeso. Asi mukati mekugadzira, tairova nzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzimwe nguva porosity iyo yaiparadza maturusi anodhura anofinha uye zvidimbu zvinenge zvapera. Dambudziko raive rekusaenderana mune yekukanda's microstructure. Kana iyo yekutanga maitiro ikasadzorwa kudyisa zvinodikanwa zvemachining chaiwo-kuderedza kushushikana kwasara, kuve nechokwadi chekuomarara kwakafanana - mugadziri ari kurwa hondo yakatorasika.
Chitoro chakaita seQSY, icho chinodzora zvese kukanda uye iyo CNC machining pasi pedenga rimwe, ine mukana wakakura. Zvikwata zvavo zvekugadzira zvinogona kupa mhinduro yakananga kune yavo yekutanga pamusoro pekuti batch yemachina ekukanda sei. Ivo vanogona kugadzirisa gating, kutonhora mitengo, kana kupisa kurapwa kuti vabudise kukanda kusingangori mutsindo, asi zvakare kunogoneka kune yakanyanya kurongeka. Iyi yemhinduro loop haionekwe kune yekupedzisira mutengi asi yakakosha pakuvimbika uye kudzora mutengo. Inoshandura maitiro kubva munhevedzano yehandoffs kuita inoenderera, yakagadziridzwa sisitimu.
The Human Factor in the Automated World
Nekutaura kwese uku kwemichina, metrology, uye zvinhu, zviri nyore kukanganwa mugadziri uye mushandisi. Otomatiki yakanakisa kudzokororwa, asi yekutanga maitiro ekuvandudza, yekutanga-nguva-yekurudyi zano, ichiri yakadzama yemunhu, inotungamirwa neruzivo. Iwo akanakisa machinist andakashanda nawo ane rudzi rwetactile intuition. Vanoteerera kuchekwa, vanotarisa kuumbwa kwechip (ruvara, chimiro, curl), uye vanogona kazhinji kuongorora dambudziko risati rambotanga.
Iyi intuition yakavakirwa pahwaro hwekutadza kuedza. Takamboedza kushandisa trochoidal milling nzira yeyakadzika slot mu titanium, zvichibva pamabhuku ezvinyorwa maitiro akanakisa. Yaifanira kunge yakashanda. Asi iyo chaiyo geometry yakagadzira harmonic vibration yakakonzera njodzi yekutadza kwechishandiso. Mufambisi akanzwa kushanduka kusinganzwisisike munzwi—kuchema-chema kwakakwirira—ndokumisa kutenderera. Iwo data matanda haana kuratidza chinhu chinotyisa kusvika panguva yekutadza. Nzeve yake yakachengeta chishandiso chinodhura kwazvo. Chiitiko ichocho chakabikwa mukuronga kwedu kwemaitiro akafanana; isu zvino tinoshandisa nzira yakasiyana yenzira yezvishandiso nekubatana kunowirirana. Hapana CAM software's optimization algorithm ingadai yakafanotaura kuti kusangana pasina iyo empirical data point.
Saka, apo isu tichisundidzira kugadzirwa kwemwenje-kunze kwemabasa akagadzikana, isu tinodzivirira zvine hukasha nguva yekuti vanhu vakuru vedu vaedze, kugadzirisa, uye hongu, kutyora chimwe chinhu apo neapo. Ndiro bhajeti reR&D kunyatsojeka shanda. Iwe haugone kuiburitsa kunze, uye haugone kuita otomatiki kudzidza kwainopa. Iko kuunganidzwa kweizvi zvidiki, zvakaoma-kuhwina zviono zvinovaka kugona kwechokwadi kwechitoro, kupfuura izvo zvakanyorwa parota remidziyo.
