Tarisa, kukanda jecha regiravhiti. Zvinonzwika zvakananga, handiti? Dururira simbi yakanyungudutswa mujecha mold, rega giravhiti iite chinhu chayo, buda chikamu. Ndakanzwa vhezheni yakareruka kane chiuru, uye ndiyo inotungamira kune yekutanga kusanzwisisa kukuru: kuti ingori yakachipa, yakaderera-tech maitiro ezvimiro zviri nyore. Ichokwadi, iyo nuance, ndipo pane chaiyo craft. Hazvisi zvekungoita chimiro; ndezvekudzora kusimba mugomba rejecha iro, kugadzirisa kupisa kwekushisa kuburikidza nechinhu chakasviba chaicho, uye kutarisira kuti simbi ichaita sei kana ichingodhonzwa pasi nehuremu hwayo. Ndiwo mukaha uripo pakati pekukandira kunokwanisa uye murwi wemarara. Ndakaona zvitoro zvichinyevenuka nekureruka kuri kuita uye zvobva zvanyumwa nenyaya dzeporosity kana zvimiro zvisingaenderane, zvese nekuti vaibata jecha semudziyo chete, kwete chikamu chakakosha cheiyo thermal system.
Jecha Harisi Jecha Rako
Ichi chingangove ndicho chinonyanya kufuratirwa. Kana tichitaura nezve giravhiti jecha kukanda mold, hatisi kutaura nezvejecha regungwa. Iyo yakagadziridzwa system. Binder — ringava jecha regirinhi (dope-bonded), resin-bonded, kana chimwewo chinhu—rinoshandura zvachose mutambo. Jecha regirini rine purasitiki, iyo inopa iyo yakanaka kune mamwe majometri uye inobvumira kune yakanaka shakeout. Asi hunyoro hwemukati? Chiroto chekusagadzikana mumamiriro ekunze ane mwando. Kuchinja kwechikamu kana maviri kunogona kutungamirira kukuremara kwegasi, iyo pinhole porosity pasi peganda rekukanda iyo yaunongowana panguva yekugadzira. Ndinoyeuka bhechi remabhuraketi esimbi atakaita; pamusoro pacho paitaridzika zvakanaka, asi chitoro chekugadzira michina chakatidaidza nemifananidzo yemakomba madiki pese pakatarisana. Mupari wemhosva? Kuwedzera kwehunyoro husiku hwatakagadzira chikamu ichocho. Jecha rakanga ratora hunyoro hwakawedzerwa, uhwo hwaibva hwashanduka kuita hupfu panguva iyo iron yakarirova.
Ipapo iwe une resin-yakasungwa jecha, sefuran kana phenolic-urethane. Zvirinani kugadzikana kwedimensional uye kupera kwepamusoro, ndosaka vachiwanzo shandiswa kune mamwe akaomarara macores mukati giravhiti jecha kukanda. Asi kutengeserana ndiko kunhuwa, mutengo, uye chokwadi chekuti jecha rinova marara izvo zvakaoma kutora zvakare. Uri kutenga jecha idzva kakawanda. Uye dhizaini yegedhi inofanirwa kunge iri panzvimbo. Nejecha rakasvibira, pane kumwe kupenya kuregedza magasi kutiza. Nemamwe eaya akaomarara masisitimu eresin, kana mamhepo ako asina kukwana, uri kuteya gasi nekugadzira mabhomba. Iyo inogara yakaenzana pakati pezvinhu zvenyama, mutengo, uye yekupedzisira chikamu chinodiwa.
Uye kugadzira kwepakati ndiyo denga rayo. Kune ndima dzemukati mumutumbi wevharuvhu kana injini block, unodonhedza jecha musimboti muforoma. Nheyo yacho inofanirwa kunge yakasimba zvekukwanisa kubata simbi yakanyungudutswa isingasukwe, asi zvakare inoputsika zvekutendera kuti kukanda kudikire pasina kugadzira misodzi inopisa. Kuwana iyo yepakati jecha resipi chaiyo - musanganiswa wejecha, binder, uye zvinowedzera - ndeye alchemy. Ndakaona macores aive akanyanya kusimba achitsemura kukanda sezvo kwaitonhorera uye kubatirana ichitenderedza fomu remukati. Dzimwe nguva, musimboti waizopfava nekukurumidza, zvichiita kuti simbi ipinde mukati uye kugadzira zvimbi munzvimbo dzausingambo chenesa. Haisi kungoita chimiro chejecha.
Gating, Kudyisa, uye Fizikisi yeKuyerera
Gating system ndiyo pombi yesimbi yakanyungudutswa. Zvinoita sechinhu chechipiri, asi chiri chekutanga. In giravhiti jecha kukanda, hauna high pressure yekumanikidza kudyisa simbi. Iwe uri kuvimba nemusoro we hydraulic - kureba kwesimbi musprue - kupa kumanikidza kuzadza gomba. Kana sprue yako ipfupi, haugone kuzadza zvikamu zvitete. Kureba zvakanyanya, uye unowana mhirizhonga yakawandisa, iyo inopinza oxide inclusions uye mweya murukova. Chinangwa ndechekuyerera kwelaminar. Unoda kuti simbi izare mold chinyararire, sekudira manyuchi, kwete semapopoma.
Takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma pane dzakatevedzana dzesimbi isina tsvina dzepombi dzemutengi. Iyo yekutanga dhizaini yaive yakapusa downsprue kuita imwe ingate. Iwo ma castings airamba achibuda neaiita kunge tsvina inclusions pedyo nechepamusoro. Mushure mekucheka patsanura uye kuongorora, yakanga isiri tsvina - yaive slag uye oxidized simbi yaive yakanyungudutswa panguva yekudururwa. Isu takagadziridzazve gedhi kuti ribatanidze tsime pazasi pesprue kuteya yekutanga, yakasviba simbi, uye yakashandisa yakatsika mumhanyi system ine akawanda, madiki ingate kugovera kuyerera zvakanyanya. Kuremara kwehuwandu hwakaderera nepamusoro pe70%. Ndiwo musiyano unoitwa nehurongwa hwakanaka. Haasi mashiripiti; rinoshandiswa fluid dynamics.
Zvadaro pane kudya - masimu. Aya ndiwo matura esimbi inopisa inodyisa kukanda sezvainosimba uye inoderera. Simbi inodzikira kana ichienda kubva mumvura ichienda kune yakasimba. Kana ukasadyisa shrinkage iyoyo, unowana shrinkage porosity, spongy, nzvimbo isina simba mukati mekukanda. Uchenjeri hwekuisa simu yekusimudza panzvimbo chaiyo, kuiita saizi yakakodzera, uye kuona kuti inogara ichipisa kwenguva yakareba kupfuura chikamu chekukandira kwairi kudya. Dzimwe nguva unoda marefuremu emusimu ekunze kuti uchengetedze simbi iyi yakanyunguduka. Zvose zvine chekuita nekusimba kwekunanga: kuita kuti chinokandwa chiome kubva kumucheto kumashure kwakananga kunosimudzwa, kuitira kuti chinosimudza chikwanise kugara chichiisa simbi yemvura munzvimbo dziri kupera. Simudzo isina kuiswa zvakanaka inongova uremu hwakafa hwaunofanira kugura; yakanyatsogadzirwa inishuwarenzi yesimbi inonzwika.
Sarudzo dzeZvinhu uye Iyo Solidification Dhanzi
Simbi yaunosarudza inoraira zvese zviri mu giravhiti jecha kukanda process. Grey iron haina kuita senge ductile iron, iyo isiri sesimbi kana nickel-based alloy. Grey iron, ine graphite flakes, ine mvura yakanaka uye inosangana nekuwedzera panguva yekusimba nekuda kwekunaya kwegraphite. Izvi zvinogona chaizvo kubatsira kuderedza shrinkage nyaya. Ductile iron, ine spherical graphite, ine hunhu hwakasiyana hwekuderera uye inongoita marara kana ikasabatwa nemazvo.
Simbi imhuka. Tembiricha yekudira yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iron, izvo zvinoreva kupisa kwakanyanya kutonga. Iyo jecha mold inowana kutyisa kwakanyanya kupisa. Simbi inewo yakanyanya shrinkage rate-yakatenderedza 2% kana kupfuura yecarbon steel. Yako yekudyisa system (inosimudza) inofanirwa kuve yakakura uye yakasimba zvakanyanya. Uye nemamwe ma alloys, senge asina tsvina kana akakwira-alloy simbi, iyo fluidity inogona kuve yakaderera, ichida yakatonyanya kungwarira gating dhizaini yekuzadza zvikamu zvitete. Ndakamboshanda nezvitoro zvakadai Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) pamapurojekiti anosanganisira alloys akakosha. Iwe unogona kuona ruzivo rwavo pane yavo saiti pa https://www.tsingtaocnc.com. Paunenge uchibata necobalt-based kana nickel-based alloys, mutengo wesimbi pachawo wakakwira zvekuti kukanda kwakaraswa ndiko kurasikirwa kukuru. Mucheto wemhosho unodzikira. Iyo nzira yekudzora-kubva kujecha tembiricha kusvika kusimbi yekudururira tembiricha kusvika kumhanya kwekudira-inofanirwa kuve nehungwaru. Nhoroondo yavo refu mukukanda uye kugadzira, sezvakacherechedzwa munhanganyaya yavo, inoratidza kuti vakafamba neaya chaiwo matambudziko akanangana nematehwe, kudyara, uye jecha maitiro.
Aluminium nemhangura-based alloys ndeimwe nyika zvachose. Vanodururira pamatembiricha akadzika asi vanogona kuva gassy. Vanowanzoda degassing muchoto kana ladle isati yadirwa kubvisa haidrojeni, izvo zvinokonzeresa grosity porosity. Jecha rinoda kuoma zvachose. Chero hunyoro huchaita zvechisimba nealuminium, kwete kungogadzira gasi asi zvichigona kukonzera kuputika kwemhepo kunoparadza mold. Chinhu chega chega chine hunhu hwayo, hurongwa hwayo hwezvainoda pakuita.
KwaInokodzera uye Nguva Yekutarira kumwe Kumwe
Gravity jecha kukanda inokunda pazvikamu zvepakati kusvika kuhombe zvine ma geometries ari pakati nepakati. Funga mabhuroko einjini, dzimba dzegiya bhokisi, miviri mikuru yevharuvhu, mabhesi emidziyo yemuchina, pombi casings. Inodhura-inoshanda kune yakaderera kusvika pakati mavhoriyamu nekuti chishandiso (iyo pateni) haina kudhura kana ichienzaniswa nekusingaperi mold kana kufa-casting inofa. Nguva yekufambisa yekugadzira chikamu chitsva inogona kuva pfupi kana uri kushandisa huni kana purasitiki. Saizi yakakura haina muganho - unogona kukanda zvikamu zvinorema matani.
Asi ine painogumira. Iko kupedzisa kwepamusoro uye kurongeka kwedimensional, nepo yakanaka, haina kusimba sezvaunowana nekukandira kwekudyara kana kukanda-kumanikidza kufa. Kana iwe uchida chikamu chine madziro-akatetepa madziro (pazasi pamwe 1/8 inch kune akawanda masimbi), zvakaoma kunzwisisa zvemukati, kana girazi-rakafanana se-yakandwa pamusoro, iwe ungangove wakatarisa kukanda mari. Ndokusaka yakazara-sevhisi foundry senge QSY yaizopa ese ari maviri shell mold uye yekukandira mari pamwe chete nekugona kwavo. Shell mold inokupa iwe nhanho kumusoro mukurongeka uye kupedzisa kubva kune yakakosha kukanda jecha, uye kukanda kwekudyara kunoenderera mberi. Ndezvekufananidza maitiro kune zvinodiwa nechikamu.
Imwe pfungwa huru ndeye chiyero chekugadzira. Kuita mold yejecha imwe neimwe nemaoko kunononoka. Kugadzirwa kwepamusoro-vhoriyamu yezvikamu zvidiki, otomatiki egirinhi jecha rekuumbwa mitsara iripo, asi iyo huru capital investment. Yechitoro chebasa kana yeprototyping, yemanyorero kana semi-otomatiki giravhiti jecha kukanda inochinjika zvinoshamisa. Iwe unogona kuita imwe-offs kana mabheti madiki pasina kutyora bhangi pane tooling. Ndiwo maitiro ehorse nekuda kwechikonzero-inochinjika, kuregerera neimwe nzira (unogona kugara uchigadzirisa patani), uye inokwanisa kuburitsa yakasimba zvinoshamisa, inogara yakasimba.
Izvo Zvisingadzivisiki Variables uye Human Factor
Hazvina mhosva kuti iwe wakamira sei, basa rekutanga rakazara nemhando dzakasiyana. Kupisa kwejecha paunodira. Kupisa kwesimbi muladle-uye inotonhora paunenge uchidurura, saka mold yekupedzisira munhevedzano inogona kuwana simbi inotonhorera zvishoma pane yekutanga. Unyanzvi hwekudira. Chidiro chakanaka chinodzora kumhanya, chinochengeta sprue chakazara kuchengetedza musoro, uye kuderedza mhirizhonga. A novice anogona kukanganisa dhizaini yakakwana.
Zvadaro pane shakeout uye kuchenesa. Kupwanya jecha kure kunoratidzika kunge kuri nyore, asi unogona kukuvadza kukanda kusina kusimba kana wakanyanya kushata. Magedhi uye risers inoda kugurwa, kazhinji nebhandi kana abrasive cutter. Ipapo pane kugaya kutsvedzerera nzvimbo dzakachekwa, kupfura kuputika kuchenesa nzvimbo, uye kazhinji kupisa kurapwa kwekupedzisira zvivakwa. Yese nhanho inozivisa mukana wekukanganisa kana kukanganisa. Ndakaona yakanaka, inorira ichitora gouge yakadzika kubva paguyo rine shungu, ichichishandura kuita basa rekugadzirisa kana zvimedu.
Pakupera kwezuva, giravhiti jecha kukanda inzira yekutanga. Hazvina kunaka. Kazhinji ine tsvina uye inopisa. Asi pane kugutsikana kwakadzama mukutora murwi wejecha, bundu resimbi, uye worishandura kuita chinhu chaicho, chinoshanda, chinotakura mitoro kuburikidza nekunzwisisa kwemisimboti yakakosha iyi. Musanganiswa wehunyanzvi hwekare uye sainzi yemazuva ano yesimbi. Zvitoro zvinozviita nemazvo, zviya zvine makumi emakore pasi pebhandi ravo senge QSY, vakaisa mukati mezvose izvi nuances-mabikirwo ejecha, mitemo yegedhi yegumwe, quirks yealloy imwe neimwe. Havangoite zvekukandira; ivo vanotarisira chiitiko chinodzorwa chekusimbisa. Uye ndiwo manomano chaiwo.
