Iwe unonzwa 'grey iron' uye vanhu vazhinji, kunyange vamwe vari pedyo neminda yekugadzira, pakarepo vanofunga 'yakachipa,' 'yakakosha,' kana 'yechikoro chekare.' Ndiyo yekutanga kusanzwisisa. Hazvisi zvekungodhura; ndezvekuve chishandiso chakakodzera kune yakakura siyana yemabasa uko kunyorovesa simba, kupisa conductivity, uye machinability ari mambo. Ma graphite flakes - iyo 'grey' muzita rayo - haina kukanganisa; ndiwo maitiro einjiniya. Ndivo vanoipa iyo hunhu kunyorovesa, ichinyura kumusoro sechiponji. Ndakaona mapurojekiti ari pamusoro-chaiyo ductile simbi kana simbi yechigadziko kana imba, ichidzingirira kusimba, kungove negungano rose riine ruzha uye kurira nekuti havana hanya nekunyorova. Ndipo apo grey iron cast chinyararire anokunda.
Kunze kweBhuku Rokunyora: Chokwadi Chekuita uye Ruzha
Mabhuku ekuverenga anokupa iyo kabhoni yakaenzana mafomula, iwo ekutonhodza macurves. Nyika chaiyo inokupa ruzha. A yakanaka, dense grey iron cast ine mhete yakajeka, yepamusoro-soro kana yakarohwa zvishoma. Kutinhira kusina kunaka? Izvi zvinowanzoreva nyaya - shrinkage, porosity, pamwe kusakwana inoculation. Iyo yekutanga-mutsara, shop-floor bvunzo yave iripo kwenguva yakareba kupfuura chero ultrasonic tester. Ndinorangarira pakushanya kwevatsvakirwi, pamwe nzvimbo yakaita seQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), wainzwa foromani achidzika nemutsara wemitambo mitsva, achibaya imwe neimwe nesando diki, achiteerera. Iro ruzha imhinduro yekukurumidza pamhando yekunyungudika uye kudira.
Kuwana ruzha rwakafanana, zvakadaro, hausi wekemikari yesimbi chete. Zviri pamusoro pekuumbwa. Jecha regirini ndiyo yakasarudzika, asi kune kuoma uye kupedzisa kwepamusoro, kuumbwa kwegoko ndiko kwaunoona iyo chaiyo finesse. Jecha rakavharwa neresin rinoumba goko rakaomarara, richibvumira madziro matete uye zvakapinza kupfuura jecha regirinhi rechinyakare rinowanzoita. Apa ndipo panoratidza chiitiko chemuvambi. Vanofanirwa kubata iyo thermal dynamics zvakasiyana - iyo shell mold inotonhodza simbi nekukurumidza, iyo inokanganisa kuumbwa kwegraphite. Kana maitirwo acho akasadaidzwa, unogona kupedzisira wava nechando chemupendero kana kusapindirana kwemicrostructure, uchiuraya machinability gare gare.
Uye machinability ndiyo inotevera mubhadharo mukuru. Iwo ma graphite flakes anoita seakavakirwa-mukati chip breakers. Iwe unogona kutora kucheka kwehasha, machipisi anotsemuka zvakanaka, uye hupenyu hwematurusi hunowanzo shamisa kana uchienzaniswa nesimbi. Asi - uye ichi chikuru asi - chinofungidzira chinowirirana, pearlitic matrix. Kana simbi yakanyanyisa ferritic, inowana gummy. Yakawandisa yemahara carbides kubva kutonhora nekukurumidza, uye iwe unopisa kuburikidza nemazano. Iwe hausi kungotenga yekukanda; uri kutenga metallurgical control seri kwayo.
Iyo QSY Muenzaniso: Iko Kukandira Kunosangana neMachining
Kutarisa chiyero chekambani chinokuudza zvakawanda nezvekunzwisisa kwavo kwezvinhu. Tora mashandiro eQSY, semuenzaniso. Ivo vanonyora shell mold uye kuisa mari padivi peCNC machining, kushanda nesimbi yakakandwa uye alloys akakosha. Kubatanidzwa ikoko kwakakosha. Iyo yakawanikwa iyo zvakare michina inonzwisisa yakadzika mhedzisiro yekukanda kwavo maitiro. Vanoziva kuti kuchinjika kudiki mumutsara wekuparadzanisa kana dhizaini-yakagadzirirwa dhizaini haingokanganisa mold-inogona kureva imwe yekuwedzera, isina kunaka kuseta pachigayo cheCNC, ichiwedzera mutengo uye nguva yekutenderera. Kana caster yako ichifunga semuchina, iwe unowana zvikamu zvakanyatsogadzirwa-zvakagadzirira.
Kuwanda kwavo kwezvinhu kuri kutaurawo. Kupa grey iron cast padivi pestainless uye nickel alloys haisi menyu chete. Zvinoratidza kuti vanogona kubata choto uye kugadzirisa kupatsanurwa kunodiwa. Iwe haudi kutsvaga zvinhu kubva kune yakakwira-alloy melt inosvibisa simbi yako, sechinhu chakaita sechromium chinogona kukurudzira carbide kuumbwa musimbi, ichiita kuti isagoneke. Inowanikwa inonyora izvi zvakasiyana kazhinji ine chirango ichocho panzvimbo.
Izvi zvine basa kune chimwe chinhu senge hydraulic valve body kana compressor imba. Ungangoda ndima dzemukati dzakakandwa kupedyo-neti chimiro (uko kuumbwa kwegoko kunokunda), zviso chaizvo zveflange, uye zviteshi zvine shinda. Kana iyo yekutanga inongokupa iwe yekukanda mbishi uye ichiti 'rombo rakanaka,' une zvakawanda zvekugadzirisa uye kuongorora kumberi. Asi kana ivo vakatogadzira iwo ekutanga datums uye akakosha maficha, sezvinoitwa nechitoro chakabatanidzwa, uri mamaira kumberi. Kugadzikana kwesimbi yegrey kunoita kuti ive chiroto chekubata kushivirira kwakasimba pane izvo zviso zvemuchina.
Kukundikana uye Zvidzidzo: Kana Grey Iron Inoti Kwete
Haisiyo mhinduro kune zvese. Ndakadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma pakutanga nechikamu chebhureketi repombi rinorema. Dhizaini yaive nemakona akapinza ekupinda zvakare uye akakora chikamu chisina kuenzana. Takasundidzira simbi yegrey nekuda kwebhajeti uye kudiwa kwekunyorova. Zvakaguma nei? Misodzi inopisa. Classic. Zvikamu zvitete zvakasimbiswa uye zvakatanga, zvichidhonza simbi ichiri-yakanyungudutswa muzvikamu zvakakora, uye yakangobvarura yoga. Iron yegrey inodzikira zvakanyanya inoda kudyiswa nekuchenjerera uye dhizaini yekusimudza. Ndipo panouya hunyanzvi hwemugadziri. Taifanira kudzokera, kuwedzera mafiritsi kwese kwese, kushanda pashanduko yechikamu, uye kushandisa kutonhora muforoma kuti tiwedzere kusimba. Zvakashanda, asi zvakawedzera nguva.
Chimwe chidzidzo: kukanganisa kupikisa. Usakumbira kuti ive sando. Ma graphite flakes ndiwo anokonzera kushungurudzika. Kurova kwakapinza kunogona kukonzera kutyoka kunopararira pamwe chete neaya maflakes. Ndakaona inoratidzika kunge yakasimba grey simbi giya rekugara richitsemuka kubva kune forklift tine ichiizunza nenzira isiri iyo. Kune zvikamu zvine chero njodzi yekuvhunduka kurodha, iwe unofungidzira ductile iron. Iyo yakakosha dhizaini sarudzo inofanirwa kuitwa iko kudhirowa board.
Corrosion mumwe muganhu. Ichaita ngura. Kune akawanda maindasitiri ekushandisa mukati, jasi repende rakanaka. Asi pakugadzira chikafu kana mamwe makemikari nharaunda, uri kutarisa nickel-chrome ductile irons kana kushandura kune isina tsvina. Kureruka kweGrey iron ndikowo kudzikisira kwayo pano. Iwe haugone kutsamira pairi nekuda kwekuita corrosion resistance.
Kuzvitsanangura Zvakanaka: Kukurukurirana neiyo Foundry
Iwe haungotumire dhirowa ine Material: Grey Iron woridaidza kuti zuva. Mutsara ndiyo hurukuro. Tiri kutaura ASTM A48 Kirasi 35? Kirasi 40? Nhamba yekirasi ndiyo simba rekusimba mu ksi. Asi chinonyanya kukosha kupfuura nhamba iri pacert ndiyo microstructure spec. Iwe unogona kushevedzera zvishoma pearlite zvemukati (taura, 90%) kuve nechokwadi machinability uye kupfeka kuramba. Unogona kutsanangura saizi yegraphite flake (Rudzi A, saizi 4-5 yakajairika kune general engineering). Apa ndipo apo kubatana neanokwanisa foundry kunobhadhara.
Iyo yakanaka tekinoroji rep kubva kune foundry haingotore mazwi ako akadhinda. Ivo vanozobvunza nezve basa, kurodha, zvirongwa zvekugadzira. Vanogona kupa zano kugadzirisa ukobvu hwemadziro nemamirimita kana maviri kuti uvandudze kudyiwa. Vanogona kukurudzira kushandura musimboti zvishoma kuti udzivise hurema hune chekuita nejecha pachiso chakakosha chekuisa chisimbiso. Uku kuseri-uye-kumashure ndiko kunoshandura dhirowa kuita chinhu chinogadzirwa. Ndiwo musiyano pakati pechikamu chinoshanda uye chikamu chinoshanda zvakavimbika kwemakore.
Kune zvikamu zvepamusoro-soro, hurukuro iyi inoenda kune zvishandiso. Yechigarire simbi pateni yekuumba ganda mutengo wakakosha wepamberi, asi pamusoro pezvimedu zviuru gumi, mutengo wechikamu chimwe nechimwe unodonha zvakanyanya. Kune prototypes kana mapfupi anomhanya, unogona kushandisa 3D-yakadhindwa jecha molds. Iko kupedzisa kwepamusoro uye kurongeka kwedimensional hakuzove kwakanaka seyakanyatso ganda mold kubva patani yesimbi, asi inokuwana iwe unoshanda zvikamu mumavhiki, kwete mwedzi. Iko kutengeserana-off mupi akanaka achakuisira iwe.
Iyo Niche Inotsungirira Munyika Yepamusoro-Tech
Muzera remakompositi uye ekuwedzera kugadzira, grey iron cast anonzwa anenge analogi. Asi ndiro simba rawo. Iyo yakawanda, yakavimbika, inodhura-inoshanda mhinduro kune yekutanga zvikamu. Funga nezvemibhedha yekushandisa muchina, mabhuroko einjini, masilinda misoro, mavhirivhiri, mabhureki discs ezvitima. Kugona kwayo kuderedza vibration kuchiri kusingaenzaniswi nezvimwe zvinhu pamutengo wayo. Ndiyo nheyo yakanyarara, yakatsiga inoita kuti maspindles anomhanya-mhanya uye madhairekitori emutsetse chaiwo pane machining centre kuita basa rawo.
Nzvimbo dzakaita seQSY, nemakumi emakore mumutambo, dzaona zvinhu uye maitiro achiuya nekuenda. Icho chokwadi chekuti vachiri kunyora simbi yakakandwa zvine mukurumbira zvinoreva kuti kudiwa kwakatsiga. Hazvinakidze, asi zvakakosha. Ruzivo harwungori mumabhuku ekushandisa; iri muchitoro chepatani, munzvimbo inonyungudika, mukunzwika kwepombi iya yesando.
Saka nguva inotevera iwe uchitarisa inorema, bhokisi, yakaoma-yakaumbwa chikamu chinoda kuoma, machinable, uye inouraya vibration, usatarise grey iron. Ingoita chokwadi chekuti unonzwisisa mitemo yayo. Dhizaini yekusimbisa kunyange, tsanangura kune microstructure, uye shanda neyakagadzirwa inofunga kupfuura kudururwa. Tora izvo izvo, uye iwe une chikamu chinozopfuura muchina wawakavakwa mauri.
