Vanhu vakawanda pavanonzwa 'zvikamu zvinodzivirira kutonhora zvakanyanya', vanobva vafunga nezvegiredhi rekushandisa—Inconel 718, Hastelloy X, chinhu ichocho. Ndiko kukanganisa kwekutanga, uye kazhinji kukuru. Iyo spec sheet ingori mutsara wekutanga. Dambudziko chairo rinotanga paunotora iyo alloy yakakwana uye woishandura kuita chinhu chinoshanda chinorarama kwete kupisa chete, asi kupisa bhasikoro, oxidation, kusagadzikana, uye dzimwe nguva mhepo inoparadza, zvese kamwechete. Ndakaona mapurojekiti akawanda achimira nekuti tarisiro yaingove pachitupa chezvinhu, kwete parwendo rwese kubva kubillet kuenda kune yakaiswa chikamu.
The Manufacturing Reality Check
Ngatitaure nezve kukanda, kunyanya kune yakaoma geometries. Iwe haugone kungodira chero yakakwira-temp alloy mune chero mold uye tariro yezvakanakisa. Iine nickel-based alloys, semuenzaniso, iyo yekusimbisa pateni ndiyo zvese. Kana iwe ukawana zvisizvo, iwe unopedzisira uine micro-shrinkage kana inopisa misodzi iyo inogona kupfuura yekutarisa yekuona asi inozokundikana zvachose pasi pekunetseka kwekupisa mubasa. Takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma makore apfuura pane turbine housing prototype. Izvo zvinhu zvaive zvakakwana pabepa, asi maitiro ekukanda akaunza kukanganisa kwemukati kwaingoonekwa mushure menguva makumi mashanu ekupisa mukuyedzwa-chidzidzo chinodhura mukukodzera maitiro, kwete zvinhu chete.
Apa ndipo apo chiitiko chemuvambi chinova chisingagone kutaurirana. Kambani yakadai Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), nemakumi matatu emakore emugoko uye kuisa mari, vanonzwisisa izvi zvakanyanya. Webhusaiti yavo, tsngtaocnc.com, inonyora basa ravo necobalt uye nickel-based alloys. Chinokosha hachisi chokuti vanozvinyora; ndezvekuti ivo vangangove vakagadzira masisitimu emagedhi uye nekudira maparameter kuita kuti maalloys aya aite. Kune chikamu chepamusoro-chinopikisa chikamu, iyo as-cast zviyo chimiro ndiyo yako yekutanga mutsara wekudzivirira. Kuwana izvo zvinoda musanganiswa wehunyanzvi nesainzi izvo zvaunongowana kubva kudzokororwa, kazhinji zvinorwadza, kuedza uye kukanganisa.
Ipapo kunouya machining. Machining a high-temperature superalloy imhuka yakasiyana zvachose. Hazvina kufanana nesimbi. Aya alloys anoshanda-akaoma nekukurumidza. Kana nzira yako yekushandisa, kumhanya, kana chikafu chakadzimwa, hausi kungopfeka chishandiso - uri kushandura kutendeseka kwepamusoro kwechikamu, uchigadzira dhizaini, yakatsemuka zvinhu izvo zvinova nzvimbo yekutanga yekutadza mukupisa. Sarudzo inotonhorera uye kudzvanywa kwekushandisa kunonyanya kukosha pano kubata kupisa pane yekucheka interface. Iyo yakapfava chiyero pakati pekubvisa zvinhu uye kwete kukuvadza iyo substrate yauri kuyedza kuchengetedza.
Dhiabhorosi mune Zvekushandisa
Kutsanangura 'high-temperature' ndiro danho rokutanga rinokosha. Iko 800 ° C inoenderera mberi? Kana 1100 ° C mupfupi kuputika? Musiyano unoraira zvese. Kuenderera mberi kupisa kwakanyanya, oxidation kuramba inowanzova iyo inomisa chinhu. Iwe unogona kuda chaiyo kurapwa kwepamusoro kana kutofunga nezveimwe alloy mhuri. Kune macyclic application, senge mune exhaust masisitimu, kuneta kwekupisa ndiko mhondi. Pano, iyo coefficient yechinhu chekuwedzera kwekupisa uye simba rayo rekubhururuka ndidzo nyeredzi dzeshoo. Chikamu chisingafambi zvakanyanya nekupisa chinogona kutsemuka kubva mukushushikana kuvakwa.
Ndinoyeuka chikamu chevhavha yekemikari yekugadzirisa mutsara. The material was a standard high-temp stainless. Yakakunda miedzo yese yekutanga yekupisa-kumanikidza. Asi muchirimwa chaicho, yakaona kukurumidza kudzimwa kubva mukuvhiringidzika kwemaitiro—kungoerekana kwatanga kuita mvura inotonhorera. Kuvhunduka ikoko kwakagadzira bvudzi rakatsemuka hapana anga afunga kuyedza. Iyo gadziriso yanga isiri yakawedzera exotic alloy, asi dhizaini kune zvishoma zvishoma kukanganwira geometry uye chinja kune giredhi ine zvirinani kupisa kwekuvhunduka kuramba. Mamiriro chaiwo echishandiso, kwete iyo yakanakira padhirowa, yakaraira mhinduro.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero kubatana nemugadziri kwakakosha. Paunenge uchitsvaga, hausi kungotenga chikamu; uri kutenga kugona kwavo kugadzirisa matambudziko. Iwe unofanirwa kukwanisa kutaura, Izvi zvichaona kukurumidza kutenderera kubva ku950 ° C kusvika 400 ° C mumhepo ine sulfur-inotakura, uye ita kuti vadzoke nemazano pazvose zviri zviviri zvinhu uye nzira yekugadzira. Maitiro avo ekudyara ekudyara anogona kuwana iyo inodiwa yekupedzisa kudzikisa nzvimbo dzekutanga crack? Ko CNC yavo yekumashure-kugadzirisa inogona kuve nechokwadi chekumanikidza kudzvinyirira pane dzakakomba nzvimbo?
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu: A Pragmatic Balance
Kune hierarchy mune yakakwirira-tembiricha zvinhu, uye mutengo maroketi kumusoro nekugona. Dzimwe nguva, yakanyanya kukwirisa imwe-crystal superalloy inodarika. Simbi yakagadzirwa zvakanaka ine migero yekutonhodza yemukati inogona kugadzirisa dambudziko re700 ° C pachidimbu chemutengo. The trick kuziva pane zvikumbaridzo. Kune akawanda maindasitiri ekushandisa mu700-1000 ° C renji, nickel-based alloys seInconel 625 kana 718 ndiwo mahosi ebasa. Vanopa chiyero chakanaka chesimba, oxidation kuramba, uye kugadzira.
Asi kunyange mukati mazvo, une sarudzo. Kuitwa vs. cast? Kune zvimiro zvakaoma, kukanda kazhinji ndiyo nzira inogoneka chete. Nyanzvi yakaita seQSY, inopa ese ari maviri Investment casting uye zvinotevera CNC machining, inopa kuenderera mberi. Ivo vanogona kugadzira iyo yepedyo-neti-chimiro mune yakakwirira-inoshanda alloy kuburikidza nekukandira uye ipapo muchina yakakomba yekuisa chisimbiso kana mabhoti maburi nemazvo, kuchengetedza kuvimbika kwechinhu kuburikidza neketani yese. Iyi yakasanganiswa kutonga mukana wakakura-iwe unodzivirira njodzi yechitoro chemuchina usina ruzivo mune superalloys inoparadza kukanda kwakanaka.
Chimwe chinhu chinowanzofuratirwa ndechekugadzirisa weld. Kugadziriswa kunobvumidzwa pakukandira here? Kune zvimwe zvikamu zvakakosha zvinotenderera, zvachose kwete. Kune static structural chikamu muchoto, pamwe inogamuchirwa. Sarudzo iyi inofanirwa kuitwa pamberi neiyo yekutanga, nekuti inokanganisa mabatiro avanoita chikamu uye kuti ndeapi maitiro ekuongorora avanoshandisa. Iko kunoshanda, kudzika-ku-pasi kufunga kune zvakakosha pamutengo uye nguva yekutungamira.
Kuongorora uye Kukanganisa Kusingaonekwe
Kudzora kwemhando yepamusoro-yepamusoro-tembiricha zvikamu hazvigone kumira pane dimensional cheki. Dye penetrant test ndiyo yakajairwa yekuremara kwepasi. Asi kune kutendeseka kwemukati, kunyanya kune zvikamu zviri pasi pekunetseka kwakanyanya, radiographic test (X-ray) inowanzokosha. Iyo inodzokera kune iyo yekutanga pfungwa nezve maitiro ekukanda. Iwe urikuonesa kuti iyo yekutanga nzira yakagadzira inonzwika yemukati chimiro. Iyi haisi nzvimbo yekucheka makona. Chikanganiso chaunopotsa pano kutadza kwemunda kwakamirira kuti zviitike, ine nguva yese yekudzikira uye kuchengetedza zvinounza.
Dzimwe nguva, unofanira kuenda mberi. Kune ichangoburwa purojekiti inosanganisira yakakwira-tembiricha yakawanda, isu hatina kungotaura RT chete, asiwo metallographic kuyedzwa pamasampula echibairo akadururwa kubva pakupisa kumwe chete. Taifanira kutarisa kukura kwezviyo uye kutsvaga chero nhanho dzisingadiwe dzinogona kunge dzakaumbwa panguva yekuomarara. Yakawedzera nguva uye mutengo, asi ndiyo chete nzira yekuve nechivimbo kune application isina margin yekukanganisa. Ivo vanowana, kana vaine ruzivo, vanofanirwa kunzwisisa izvi uye kugona kugamuchira kana kutopa mazano aya matanho.
Pakupedzisira, funga nezvekuguma. Nzvimbo yakakasharara, seyakakandirwa inogona kuve hotspot ye oxidation uye kutanga kutsemuka. Kazhinji, nyore girazi-bead blast kana yakananga pickling process inogona zvakanyanya kunatsiridza pamusoro oxidation kupikisa nekugadzira imwe yunifomu, kusagadzikana-kuregedzerwa layer. Idiki, nhanho yekupedzisira iyo inokwirisa zvinhu zvemukati zvivakwa zvinobudirira.
Pfungwa dzekupedzisa: Ihurongwa, Kwete Chikamu
Saka, kudhonza zvese izvi kumashure pamwe chete. Kutsvaga yakavimbika high-temperature resistant part harisi rekutenga odha chete. Iko kubatana kwehunyanzvi. Inotanga nehutsinye hunhu hwekushandisa zvinodiwa, inofamba kuburikidza ne pragmatic zvinhu uye sarudzo yemaitiro (apo makambani ane yakadzika akabatanidzwa hunyanzvi sekukanda uye machining kupenya), uye inosimbiswa nekuongorora mapuroteni anoenderana nenjodzi.
Chinangwa ndechekupedzisira nechikamu chisingangopone, asi chinoita kufanofungidzira kune hupenyu hwacho hwachinotarisirwa. Kufembera ikoko kunobva pane zvese zvinongedzo mucheni-kubva kuchitoro chenyunguduka kusvika kuchitambi chemhando yekupedzisira. Izvo zvishoma nezvekutsvaga mashiripiti zvinhu uye zvimwe nezve kuita yakaedzwa, inodzorwa cheni yezviitiko kuumba icho chinhu kuita chimwe chinhu chaunogona kunyatsovimba nacho kana kupisa kwavapo, chaiko. Musiyano uripo pakati pechikamu chinoshanda neicho chinotadza kazhinji chiri mune idzi gritty, unglamorous ruzivo rwekugadzira nekusimbisa izvo zvisingamboite kusvika kubhurocha rinopenya.
