Iwe unonzwa 'Inconel 718' uye pakarepo funga 'zvinhu zvakaoma zvezvikamu zvinopisa' - jet injini zvikamu, turbine discs, iyo mhando yechinhu. Icho ichokwadi, asi ndipo panotangira gomba rakajairwa. Vanhu vanoona nhamba dzepamusoro uye dzinokambaira pa700°C uye vanofungidzira kuti ingori shanduro yakaoma ye316 isina tsvina. Hazvisizvo. Dambudziko chairo harisi simba raro chete; ndiwo mabatiro anoita simba iroro paunenge uchiedza kugadzira chimwe chinhu kubva mariri. Iyo machining uye post-processing nyaya ndipo panonyorwa chiitiko chaicho.
Iko Machining Gaya - Chaizvoizvo
Ngatitaurei maturusi ekucheka. Pakutanga, takadzidza nzira yakaoma kuti kuibata sesimbi inodziya zvakanyanya inzira yekumhanyisa kune yakaparadzwa inoisa uye yakaraswa zvikamu. Iko kushanda-kuoma kwakaoma. Kana chishandiso chako chisina kupinza, kana ukagara kunyangwe zvishoma, hausisiri kucheka - uri kutonhora-kushanda pamusoro kuita chimwe chinhu chakatooma. Takapisa nemhando dzinoverengeka dzemakabidhi akavharidzirwa tisati tagara pagiredhi chairo neyakapinza, yakakwenenzverwa edge geometry. Kunyange zvakadaro, uri kutarisa kumhanya pamwe 20% yezvawaizomhanya pasimbi. Iyo inononoka, inodhura yekubvisa maitiro, uye inotonhorera haisi sarudzo; chinhu chakakosha chekuchengetedza kupisa kudzivirira iyo workpiece pachayo kuti isanyanya kupisa uye kuwedzera kuoma.
Ndinorangarira batch yemitumbi yevharuvhu yatakagadzira kubva Inconel 718 bar stock. Kudhinda kwacho kwaida kupedzwa kwepamusoro pezvimwe zviboora zvemukati. Isu takawana zviyero zvakakwana, asi kupedzisa kwaive kwakashata, kuda kubvaruka. Nyaya yacho? Tool deflection. Kunyangwe neyakaomesesa setup, masimba ekucheka aive akakwira zvekukonzera maminiti kutaura. Isu taifanira kudzokera, kugadziridza nzira yekushandisa kuti titore kunyange akareruka ekupedzisa kupfuura, uye chinja kune yakasarudzika wiper yekuisa. Yakawedzera maawa kunguva yekutenderera, asi yaive iyo kana chikamu chaisasunga zvakanaka. Ndiwo mutengo wakavanzwa - iyo nguva yeinjiniya uye maitiro ekugadzirisa izvo zvisingaratidze mumutengo wezvigadzirwa pakirogiramu.
Kuchera nekugogodza ndiro gehena ravo chairo. Chip evacuation ndiye mambo. Iwo ane tambo, machipisi akaomarara anoputira chibooreso uye obva abvarura nekurova kwemoyo kana usiri zvine hukasha kuchovha uye kushandisa yakanyanya-kudzvanya inotonhorera kuburikidza nechishandiso. Kune tambo, isu tinogara tichitsanangura spiral-nyere tapi uye oversized tap drills. Kuedza kucheka 50% thread mukati Inconel 718 iri kukumbira pombi yakaputsika yakavigwa zvakadzika muchikamu chinodhura zvikuru. Iwe unodzidza kupa imba yemidziyo.
Kukanda Matambudziko - Kwete Kungodira uye Enda
Kubva pakugadzira kusvika pakugadzira iyo yepedyo-net chimiro kuburikidza nekudyara kukanda - ndiwo mutambo wedu wepakati Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Neanopfuura makumi matatu emakore mugoko uye kuisa mari, takamhanyisa akawanda nickel alloys kuburikidza neiyo yekutanga. Inconel 718 chinhu chikuru, asi chinodiwa. Iyo alloy's high melting point chinhu chimwe; kudzora kusimba kwayo kudzivirira mafinya, kupatsanura, uye kubvarura kupisa ndeimwe yemutambo webhora zvachose.
Iyo gating uye inosimuka dhizaini ye718 inonyanya kukosha pane kune akawanda masimbi. Unoda yakanyatso kutungamira kusimba kuti udyise iyo huru shrinkage nemazvo. Kana iwo magradients ekupisa asina kunaka, unopedzisira wava ne-micro-porosity muzvikamu zvakakora kana misodzi yepasi padyo neshanduko dzakatetepa kusvika kugobvu. Takave nezvikamu zvakabuda mugoko zvinotaridzika zvakanaka, chete kuti X-ray kana UT iratidze gore rehup yakanaka muhubhu. Ndiko kurasikirwa zvachose. Yakamanikidza kuongororwa kwakazara kwekudurura kwedu tembiricha uye mold pre-heat protocol yeiyo chaiyo geometry. Dzimwe nguva, iyo gadziriso inopesana-intuitive - yakadzikira zvishoma superheat inogona kunyatso kudzikisa kusagadzikana uye kugadzirisa kunzwika, kunyangwe iwe uri kushanda padhuze neiyo alloy's liquidus.
Zvadaro pane as-cast chimiro. Iwe haugone kuishandisa sezvazviri. Iyo inherent dendritic chimiro uye ingangoita kuvapo kweLaves phase (brittle intermetallics yakapfuma niobium) zvinoreva kuti chikamu chine hurombo hwemagetsi zvimiro zvakananga kunze kwe mold. Iyi ipoindi yakakosha iyo vatengi vanopotsa: yakakandwa 718 chikamu chinongopera hafu. Izvo zvinofanirwa kuenda kuburikidza nehomogenization yekupisa kurapwa - kunyorova kwenguva refu, kazhinji pamusoro pe1100 ° C - kunyungudutsa zvikamu zvinokuvadza kudzoka mumatrix. Svetuka izvi, uye chikamu chichakundikana nguva isati yakwana pasi pekunetseka, zvisinei kuti kukanda kunotaridzika kwakanaka sei.
Iyo Kupisa Kurapa Dhanzi - Zvese Nezvekutevedzana
Uyu ndiwo moyo wekuwana Inconel 718 kuita. Chimiro chekurapa kukwegura (720 ° C kwemaawa masere, choto chinotonhorera kusvika 620 ° C, kubata kwemaawa masere, mhepo inotonhorera) yakanyorwa zvakanaka. Asi kutevedzana kune mamwe maoperation ndizvo zvese. Kune chikamu chakagadzirwa kubva muchigadzirwa chakagadzirwa, iwe unowanzo kuchichina chiri mune annealed (yakapfava) mamiriro, wobva wachembera. Inonzwika zvakananga.
Asi kune chikamu chakakandwa, zvakanyanya kuoma. Sezvataurwa, iwe homogenize kutanga. Zvadaro, unogona kuita inopisa isostatic pressing (HIP) kutenderera kuvhara chero yasara micro-porosity. Mubvunzo wakakosha ndewekuti: iwe unoita HIP usati kana mushure mekugadzirisa mhinduro? Pane gakava. Takazviita nenzira mbiri. HIPping mushure me sub-solvus kupisa kurapwa kunogona kushanda, asi iwe unofanirwa kuchenjerera zvakanyanya netembiricha kudzivirira kukura kwezviyo. Isu ikozvino tinowanzo kuda kuHIP mune iyo as-cast + homogenized mamiriro, tobva taenderera neiyo yakazara kupisa kupisa kutevedzana. Iyo inowedzera mutengo, asi iyo data inoratidza zvirinani uye zvakanyanya kuenderana kuneta zvivakwa, izvo zvinowanzove zvakakosha zvezvikamu zvinotenderera.
Imwezve nuance: kunyaradza kushushikana. Kana iwe uri kuita yakakosha machining mushure mekuchembera (iyo yaunoyedza kudzivirira, asi dzimwe nguva haugone), iwe unoda kudzika-tembiricha kushushikana kunetseka mushure. Iwe haugone kukwira kumusoro kana iwe uchapfuura-zera zvinhu. Iyo inogara yakaenzana pakati pekugadzikana kwedimensional uye kuchengetedza gamma kaviri-prime precipitates inopa 718 simba rayo.
Welding uye Kugadzirisa - Ramba Nekuchenjerera Kwakanyanya
Dzimwe nguva kukanda kune chirema chepamusoro iwe chaunofunga kuti unogona kugadzirisa, kana chikamu chakagadzirwa chinoda weld overlay. Ne 718, uku ndiko kushanda kwengozi huru. Iyo alloy inowanzoita strain-age kuputika munzvimbo yakakanganiswa nekupisa (HAZ) post-weld, kunyanya kana iri muchembere. The welding thermal cycle inouyisa kushushikana, uye kurapwa kunotevera kuchembera (kana kwakaiswa) kunogona kukonzera kutsemuka sezvo HAZ ichiedza kunaya zvakare.
Muitiro wakajairwa ndeye weld in annealed condition, wozoisa gungano rose mukati mezera rakazara rekuomesa. Asi kunyange zvakadaro, kubudirira hakuna vimbiso. Takaedza kugadzirisa imba hombe yeturbine makore mashoma kumashure. Yakateedzera bhuku: pre-weld anneal, yakashandiswa ERNiFeCr-2 filler waya (chaizvo 718 kuumbwa), inodzorwa interpass tembiricha. Zvaitaridzika zvakanaka mushure mekugadzira. Zvisinei, mushure mekuchembera, kuongorora kwedhayi kwakaratidza kutsemuka kwakatsetseka muHAZ. Chikamu chacho chaiva chisina maturo. Mhedziso yaive yekuti kuwanda kwekukandira kwakagadzira kuzvidzora kwakasimba zvekuti madhiri ekusarira kubva kune welding aive akanyanya kukwirira, kunyangwe mushure mezera rakazara. Zvino, mutemo wedu ndewekudzivirira welding ane makore 718 pese pazvinogoneka nemunhu. Mutengo wekutadza wakanyanya. Kana dhizaini ichida welding, zviri nani kushandisa imwe inokwenenzverwa senge 625 yeiyo chaiyo sub-assembly.
Sourcing uye Real-World Supply Chain
Kwete zvose Inconel 718 inosikwa yakaenzana. Iwo mashiti ezvigayo akasiyana kana madhiri anogona kuti vese vanosangana neAMS 5662 kana 5663, asi dhiyabhorosi ari mukunyungudika tsika. VIM-VAR (Vacuum Induction Melt inoteverwa neVacuum Arc Remelt) ndiyo chiyero chegoridhe chezvikamu zvinotenderera zvemuchadenga nekuti inoderedza zvinosanganisirwa uye inopa yunifomu, yakanaka zviyo chimiro. Kune akawanda static cast zvikamu, imwe VIM inonyunguduka inogona kukwana, asi iwe unofanirwa kuziva kukosha kweapp.
Apa ndipo pane basa rekutonga kwemudiwa. PaQSY, tarisiro yedu pakukanda mari uye CNC machining ezvishandiso zvakaita seizvi zvinoreva kuti hatisi kungotenga mill stock; isu tiri kudzora chemistry kubva mukunyunguduka mune yedu yekutanga yekukandira, kana kusimbaradza certification yedu bar stock suppliers. Iwe unotanga kunzwa iyo inonyunguduka mishumo inoratidza kupisa kwakachena. Iwe unotarisa yakaderera sarufa, inodzorwa mazinga e magnesium kana cerium ye sulfide shape control. Ndidzo idzi unsexy ruzivo rwunoona kana batch yezvikamu ichapfuura ultrasonic ongororo kana kuti imwe yakundikana muyedzo-yepamusoro-soro kuneta.
Pakupedzisira, pane chokwadi chehupfumi. 718 inodhura. Iyo niobium yemukati inoona kune izvo. Saka dhizaini yega yega uchiishandisa inofanirwa kururamiswa nekudiwa kwechokwadi kwe650 ° C+ simba uye kushora. Isu tinowanzo kubvunza nevatengi padanho rekugadzira. Dzimwe nguva, chinjikira kuAlloy 625 kuitira zvirinani weldability kana corrosion kuramba, kana kunyangwe kune yakakwira-giredhi isina tsvina kune yakaderera tembiricha yekushandisa, inogona kuchengetedza yakakosha mutengo uye kugadzira musoro pasina kukanganisa basa. Mucherechedzo wechiitiko hakusi kungoziva nzira yekushanda nayo Inconel 718; kuziva kana uchichida.
