Iwe unonzwa 'kudyara kwekudyara' uye pfungwa zhinji dzinosvetuka dzakananga kune yakarasika wakisi, zvishongo zvakaoma kunzwisisa, kana pamwe turbine blades. Ndiyo mhinduro yebhuku. Asi pauriri hwechitoro, zvishoma nezvenhoroondo yerudo uye zvakanyanya nezve kutaurirana nguva dzose pakati pechido chekugadzira uye chokwadi chemuviri. Nyaya chaiyo haisi muzita; zviri muchuru kutadza kudiki uye kugadzirisa kunoitika usati wawana inogoneka yekugadzira kumhanya. Vazhinji vatengi vanouya vachifunga kuti inzira yemashiripiti yekugadzira chero chinhu chakaomarara-ingotumira CAD faira womirira zvikamu zvakakwana. Ndiyo yekutanga, uye kazhinji inodhura zvakanyanya, kusanzwisisa.
Iyo Shell Game: Zvese Nezve Nheyo
Wese munhu anotarisa paiti yewakisi, asi goko ndipo panokundwa hondo kana kurasika. Haisi kungonyudza uye kuisa stuccoing; i chemistry uye thermal management project. Iyo slurry viscosity, ambient humidity zuva iro, nguva yekuomeswa pakati pejasi - yega yega inoshandura mhedzisiro. Isu takave nemabasa uko goko raitaridzika rakakwana, kungotsemuka panguva yekudonha nekuti thermal shock curve yaive yakanyanya kukwira kune iyo chaiyo geometry. Iwe dzidza kuverenga magoko. Kusiyanisa kudiki kwemavara muceramic kunogona kuratidza hunyoro nyaya inozotungamira kune inclusions gare gare.
Panzvimbo yedu, tinomhanyisa ese silica uye zircon-based primary slurries zvichienderana nealloy. Kune alloys epamusoro-nickel, unenge uchigara uchienda zirconia yejasi rekutanga rekudzivirira kudzivirira simbi-mold reaction. Iyo inodhura adder, asi kuyedza kuchengetedza mari pane yechokwadi nzira yekuwana yakaparara pamusoro pekupedzisira. Ini ndinorangarira batch yepombi impeller mu316L kwatakashandisa yakajairwa silica face jasi seyedzo. Zvakaguma nei? 'Orenji peel' magadzirirwo pamacheto anotungamira ayo aida maawa ekuwedzera achikuya. Goko rainge raita. Chidzidzo chakadzidzwa, ikozvino yave standard protocol.
Iyo stucco jecha kufambira mberi ndeimwe hunyanzvi. Svetuka nekukasira kuenda kugiredhi rakakasharara, uye unorasikirwa nekuchengetedza ruzivo. Famba zvishoma nezvishoma, uye iyo goko yekuvaka nguva inove isingaite, uye unoisa panjodzi matambudziko egirinhi simba. Isu takamisa kufambira mberi, asi kunyangwe zvakadaro, kune dzakadzika, dzakatetepa nzira, tinogona kuisa rimwe jasi repakati. Idzi isarudzo dzisiri dzeunglamorous dzinotsanangura kunaka.
Alloy Behaviour: Iyo isingafungidzike Partner
Kutaura nezve alloys, apa ndipo apo ruzivo rwegeneric runokundikana. Investment casting anovimbisa rusununguko rwekugadzira, asi simbi ine mitemo yayo. Simbi dzisina tsvina dzakaita se304 uye 316 dzinenge dzichiregerera, asi kana iwe ukapinda mune superalloys-iyo Inconels, iyo Hastelloys, iyo cobalt-yakavakirwa zvinhu-zvese zvinoshanduka. Kunyungudika kwavo hunhu, kunyorova, uye kuderera kwavanoita inyika yakaparadzana.
Takashanda nemutengi pane cobalt-chromium medical component. Iyo CAD modhi yaive yakanaka, yakatetepa-madziro maficha. Yekutanga kudurura tichishandisa gedhi redu rakajairwa uye kusimuka kwetsvina kwakakonzera kusawirirana kunoramba kuripo. Iyo alloy haina kungoyerera nenzira imwechete; 'yakanamira' nekukurumidza. Taifanira kugadziridza hurongwa hwese hwekudyisa, tichienda kune akawanda, madiki masuwo kuti tigovane simbi nekukurumidza uye nekushandisa kupisa kunopisa tembiricha, izvo zvakazotimanikidza kugadzirisa goko rekutanga-kupisa kudzivirira kupisa kwekupisa. Zvakatora kudzokorora katatu. Iyi ndiyo yakavanzika loop: shandura simbi, uye iwe unowanzo gadzirazve maitiro kubva pateni kumusoro.
Shrinkage ndiyo imwe gomba rekare. Iyo patternmaker's shrinkage allowance ndiyo yekutanga, kwete vimbiso. Kune yakaoma geometry mu ductile iron, iyo shrinkage haina kufanana. Isu tinogona kushandisa 2.1% mutsara mvumo, asi munhanho gobvu, inodhonza zvakasiyana pane mutete webhu. Dzimwe nguva, iwe unofanirwa kuwedzera kukanganiswa kwemaitiro kune wax pateni - zvishoma pre-bend, semuenzaniso-saka inokanganisa kuita chimiro chakakodzera panguva yekutonhora. Iwe unongodzidza izvi nekuyera mazana ekukandwa, kuronga kutsauka, uye kushanda kumashure.
Iyo Machining Handshake: Sei Kukandira Kusingambomira Kwega
Iyi ipfungwa yakakosha inowanzopotsa. Mashoma einvestment castings akapedzwa zvikamu zvakananga kubva pa shakeout. Vanenge nguva dzose vanoda Machining. Ndicho chikonzero paQSY, iyo Investment casting uye CNC machining mashandiro ari mukukurukurirana nguva dzose. Hazvina maturo kukanda chimiro kune kushivirira kwakasimba kana gadziriso yeanotevera milling oparesheni isingagoneke kana kusagadzikana.
Takanga tine chirongwa chemuviri wevhavha. Iyo as-cast yemukati ndima yaive yakanaka, asi mutengi aida chisimbiso chakakwana pachiso cheflange. Iyo yekutanga yekukanda dhizaini yaive nediki machining stock ipapo, pamwe 0.5mm. Mukutaura, inoshanda. Mukuita, panguva yekurapa kwekupisa, chikamu chakakanganiswa zvishoma. Panguva yatakaisungirira pamubhedha weCNC, takatadza kuchenesa kumeso kwese tichichengeta kupfava. Taifanira kudzoka togadzirisa wax kufa kuti tiwedzere imwe 1.5mm yestock pachiso chaicho. Zvaireva nguva yakawanda yekugadzira, asi yakavimbisa iyo spec. Synergy ndiyo yakakosha; hausi kungotengesa casting, uri kutengesa machinable casting.
Iyi nzira yakabatanidzwa ndiyo inodiwa nemakambani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) vakavaka kwemakumi emakore. Neanopfuura makore makumi matatu ekukandira uye kugadzira, iyo mhinduro loop ipfupi. Chikwata chekugadzira chinoudza muvambi, Tirikupisa maturusi panzvimbo ino yakaoma, uye mugadziri anogona kutarisa inoculant kana kutonhora rate. Ndiyo ino shanda, inogadzirisa dambudziko nharaunda inoita kuti utore zvinhu kubva kusimbi yakakandwa kuenda kune nickel-based alloys uine kumwe kuvimba.
Gating uye Kudyisa: Iwo Silent Mutengo Vatyairi
Kana iwe uchida kuona uko purofiti inoputika mukati Investment casting, tarisa kugedhi system. Ndiyo simbi inodirwa asi haimbofambiswi nengarava. Simbe kana yakanyanyisa kuchengetedza gating dhizaini inogona kuve negoho re40%-zvinoreva kuti 60% yesimbi yakadirwa inoguma yanyunguduka zvakare kana marara. Chinangwa ndechekuwana goho iroro kusvika pa60%, 70%, kana pamusoro pemaumbirwo akareruka.
Simulation software inobatsira, asi haisi evhangeri. Isu tinoishandisa kufanotaura hotspots uye shrinkage porosity. Asi iyo software yezvinhu zvemhando ndeye approximations. Tinogara tichiita ongororo yemuviri. Kune chikamu chitsva chakaoma, isu dzimwe nguva tinomhanyisa chinyorwa chekutanga chine thermocouples chakamisikidzwa mugoko panzvimbo dzakakosha. Iyo data yatinodzoka inowanzoratidza kuti simulation yaive yadzimwa nemasekonzi mashoma akakosha kana madhigirii, akakwana kushandura shrinkage nzvimbo. Inobva yadzokera kune chaiyo modhi kuti titore masaizi e feeder kana kuiswa.
Matambudziko anonyanya kushungurudza ndeaya anopindirana. Iyo pateni inomhanya zvakanaka kwemwedzi, ipapo kamwe kamwe iwe unowana porosity mune yakatarwa nzvimbo. Kapfumbamwe kubva mugumi, ishanduko yeraw material- batch itsva yealloy ine zvishoma zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutevera maelementi, kana shanduko mumusanganiswa wewakisi inokanganisa kukura kwayo. Iwe unova mutikitivha, uchitevera kumashure kuburikidza nemaitiro matanda. Zviri kuzvininipisa. Zvinokuyeuchidza kuti iyi inzira yesainzi yemidziyo, kwete yemuchina chete.
The Good Enough Standard
Pakupedzisira, pfungwa yemhando yepamusoro. Aerospace uye zvekurapa zvine zvirevo zvavo, uye hazvitaurike. Asi kune akawanda maindasitiri ekushandisa, kutsvaga kwekukandira kwakakwana igomba remari. Hunyanzvi chaihwo kuziva kuti 'chakanaka zvakakwana' chii chebasa racho. Ko nzvimbo shoma inoputika pane isiri-cosmetic yemukati yepamusoro zvine basa here? Zvimwe kwete. Ko kaburi kadiki, kakazvimiririra kachidzikira munzvimbo isingatakure zvine basa here? Zvingasadaro.
Isu tinopedza nguva yakawanda tichidzidzisa vatengi pane izvi. Radiographic inspection (X-ray) ichawana kusaenderera mberi kwese. Mubvunzo ndewokuti iko kuregera kunogamuchirika pachiyero chakakodzera (seASTM E192). Kusundira kukanda ne zero zvinonzwisisika kukanganisa kunogona kupeta mutengo uye nguva yekutungamira nekuda kwekuwedzera marara uye kugadzirisa pamusoro-engineering. Dzimwe nguva, nzira ine hupfumi uye nekukurumidza ndeyekugadzira nemaitiro echisikigo mundangariro, zvichibvumira zvinhu munzvimbo dzinowanzoita micro-porosity, pane kuedza kuibvisa zvachose.
Ndiwo huchenjeri hwakaunganidzwa, hwakaneta zvishoma hwekuita izvi kwemakore. Investment casting hazvisi zvekuwana kukwana pasina chinhu. Zviri pamusoro pekutonga cheni yezvinosiyana maitiro emuviri kuti avimbike, uye nehupfumi, kugadzira zvikamu zvinoshanda. Iwakisi, ceramic, moto, simbi, uye yakawanda yakaunganidzwa, yakaoma-inokunda kutonga mafoni. Iwo makambani anogara, seQSY ane makore matatu-ayo anotarisa pane goko regoko uye kukanda kwekudyara kwakapetwa nemachining, nzwisisa iyo chiyero. Iyo inopenya yeCAD modhi inopinza iwe pamusuwo, asi ndiyo gritty, unsexy process control iyo inopa chikamu chinonyatsoenderana uye chinoshanda.
