Paunonzwa 'mugadziri wekudyara mari,' chii chinouya mupfungwa? Kune vakawanda, ibhurocha rinopenya rakazara nezvikamu zvinopenya, zvakaoma kunzwisisa. Chokwadi, kugaya kwezuva nezuva, chimwe chinhu zvachose. Zvishoma nezve mufananidzo wekupedzisira wakakwana uye zvimwe pamusoro pekunhuhwirira kwewakisi yakapiswa mangwanani, iyo isingaperi parameter tweaks kune nyowani superalloy, uye kutya kwakanyarara kana goko rinotsemuka panguva yekudonha. Izwi racho pacharo rinogona kutsausa-rinopa pfungwa imwe chete. Muchokwadi, zvitoro zvakanakisa hazvisi zvekutanga; ivo vakasanganiswa-vagadzirisi vematambudziko, vachivhara mukaha pakati peCAD modhi uye inoshanda, yepamusoro-yekutendeseka chikamu. Vatengi vazhinji vanogadziriswa pamutengo weyuniti kana nguva yekutungamira, vachishaya iyo yakakosha nuance: kuenderana pasi pekunetseka kwekupisa, kutendeka kwedimensional munzvimbo yechishanu yedesimali, uye ruzivo rwesimbi rwekudzivirira kutadza kwebatch inodhura mwedzi mitanhatu pasi pemutsara.
Iyo Yakarasika Pfungwa: Kungodurura Simbi
Ngatichekei kutandanisa. Chikanganiso chikuru ndechekuona kuisa mari senzira yezvigadzirwa. Iwe unotumira mufananidzo, iwe unowana chikamu. Kana chete. Ukoshi chaihwo hwomugadziri huri mune zvinoitika simbi isati yamboona choto. Tora pattern tooling. Aluminium yakachipa, yakachimbidza yakagadzirwa inogona kuchengetedza $5k kumberi. Asi kana ikashaya dhizaini chaiyo, kana kuwedzera kwayo kupisa kusingaverengeki, iwe unowana yakamonyaniswa wakisi mapatani ayo anonyura mukurota hope dzinotyisa mushure mekukanda. Ndakaona mapurojekiti apo 'kuchengetwa' kwekushandisa zvishandiso kwakakonzera kurasikirwa kwenhamba-nhanhatu mune zvimedu uye kunonoka magungano. Chitoro chine hunyanzvi, senge Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), vanozopokana, dzimwe nguva zvinesimba, kune imwe yakasimba dhizaini yedhizaini. Haisi kutengesa; kuri kudzivirira njodzi. Makumi matatu avo emutambo zvinoreva kuti vangangove vatoita chikanganiso chauri kuda kubhadhara.
Ipapo pane wakisi. Haasi ese majekiseni wax anoita zvakafanana. Kune bhuraketi rakatetepa-ine madziro emuchadenga, unoda yakaderera-viscosity, yakakwira-fluidity kuumbwa kuti utore zvinhu zvakanaka pasina sink mamaki. Kune muviri unorema-chikamu chevharuvhu, wakisi yakaomarara yakakosha kudzivirira deformation panguva yekubata. Sarudzo haina kungopokana; iko kufona kwekutonga kwakavakirwa pajeometry, alloy, uye inotevera ganda-yekuvaka maitiro. Ndinoyeuka basa repombi impeller kwatakachinjira kune wakisi yakakwenenzverwa yepolymer. Mutengo weyuniti wakakwira ne15%, asi kudzikiswa kwekugadzirisa weld pakukandwa kwekupedzisira nekuda kwekupera kwepamusoro kwakachengetedza mutengi pamusoro pe40% mukupedza mutengo. Ndiko kuverenga kwakavanzika.
Uye kuvaka shell? Ndipo panosangana hunyanzvi nesainzi. Haisi kungonyudza uye kuisa stuccoing. Iyo slurry viscosity, nzvimbo yekuomesa (humidity control imhuka), nhamba yejasi-chimwe nechimwe chinoshanduka chibatiso chinokanganisa kupera uye simba. Goko risina kusimba rinotsemuka panguva yekudira; yakanyanya kunyungudika, uye iwe unowana kuvharirwa kwegasi. Ndakapedza husiku muchitoro nenyanzvi, ndichigadzirisa hupfu hwezirconia muprime coat slurry nehafu muzana kubvisa kupinda kwesimbi paimba yesimbi isina tsvina. Izvi hazvisi mubhurocha ripi zvaro. Iri mumanotibhuku anonyora uye kushushikana kwakagovaniswa kana batch yebvunzo yakundikana.
Iyo Material Maze: Alloys Haana Kusikwa Akaenzana
Munhu wese anoti anoshanda ne'stainless steel' kana 'nickel-based alloys.' Dhiyabhorosi ari mune spec sheet: 316L maringe ne316, Inconel 718 maringe ne 625. Musiyano unowanzo rara mukupisa kwekupisa uye kuti simbi inoita sei panguva yekusimba. Investment casting inokurumidza kusimbisa maitiro, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukuparadzaniswa kwezvinhu zvealloying kana zvisingadzoreki. Kune kambani yakaita seQSY, iyo inonyora cobalt-based alloys uye nickel-based alloys sehunyanzvi, iri harisi bhokisi rekutarisa. Zvinoreva kuti vakafona mukudururira tembiricha, mold pre-heats, uye mitengo yekutonhodza yakanangana neizvi finicky zvinhu.
Muenzaniso wekongiri: takambomhanyisa batch yecobalt alloy (Stellite 6) kupfeka mahwendefa. Iyo chemistry yaive yakakwana, asi zvikamu zvakaratidza micro-cracking. Nyaya yacho? Iyo goko rakajairwa rataishandisa kustainless raive nemhinduro yekuvhundutsa yekupisa kwakasiyana. Iyo cobalt alloy, ine siyana yayo yekusimba renji, yaida goko rine rakagadziridzwa zvishoma refractory musanganiswa kuti rigamuchire chibvumirano. Kugadzirisa kwanga kusiri mudhipatimendi rekunyungudika; yakanga yadzokera patangi ine tsvina. Uku ndiko kubatanidzwa kwandakataura. Iyo yekukanda maitiro iketani, uye iyo isina kusimba chinongedzo haisi nguva dzose paunotarisira.
Ndosaka runyoro rwemugadziri iri nyaya, kwete menyu. Paunoona 'special alloys,' ongorora zvakadzama. Bvunza nezve yavo yakajairika yekudurura uremu hweiyo alloy, iyo yakaoma nhanho yavakawana, uye-zvikuru-kana ivo vakazviitira yavo spectrographic ongororo mumba. Kumirira maawa makumi maviri nemana kuti uwane mushumo wekunze werabhoritari uku kupisa kwesimbi kunogara muchoto chinhu cheumbozha hapana angachikwanisa.
Iko Machining Inopindirana: Iyo CNC Handshake
Hapana kuisa mari kune zvechokwadi 'net-shape.' Kune nguva dzose zviso zvedatum kumuchina, nzvimbo dzekubatanidza kuti dzipedze, uye shinda dzekubaya. Apa ndipo pane iyo modhi yemubatanidzwa Investment casting uye CNC machining kushanda kunoratidza mavara ayo chaiwo. Kubatsira kukuru hakusi nyore kugadzirisa (kunyangwe zviri izvo); kungwara kwedimensional.
Chikwata chekugadzira chinoshanda padivi peiyo foundry chinodzidza quirks dzayo. Vanoziva kuti kune imwe mhuri yeturbine blades yakakandwa muInconel, pane inofanotaurwa, isiri-uniform stock allowance pamudzi wepuratifomu-pamwe 0.7mm kune rimwe divi, 1.1mm kune rimwe, zvichibva pakuti goko rinodonha sei. Zvirongwa zvavo zveCNC zvinogona kunyorwa kuti zvigadzirise kusiyana uku kunotarisirwa, kugadzirisa nzira dzematurusi uye kuchengetedza hupenyu hwekucheka. Kana kukanda uye kugadzira ari masangano akaparadzana, iyi lupu yemhinduro inononoka, iri pamutemo, uye inowanzorasika mukududzira. Iye machinist anowana chikamu ne 'zvisingatarisirwe' stock uye anopomera iyo yekutanga; the foundry haazive kune machinist kugadzirisa matambudziko.
Pane imwe nzvimbo yakabatanidzwa, iyo post-casting process ndeyekuenderera mberi. Chikamu chakagadzirwa chine machining mupfungwa kubva pakutanga. Isu tinowanzo kuraira kuwedzera madiki ekubaira pane asina-akakosha nzvimbo kuti ipe nzvimbo yakachengeteka yekusunga yeCNC, chimwe chinhu chingave chekufunga (kana zvisingaite) kana maitiro akarambana. Kushanyira saiti yavo pa tsngtaocnc.com, unogona kuona kuyerera uku: kubva kunzvimbo yekuchenesa yekukanda, zvikamu zvinofamba zvakananga kuCMM yekuongorora uye ipapo paCNC mibhedha. Kuenderera mberi uku kunoderedza kukuvadzwa kwekubata, kucheka nguva yekutungamira, uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, inovaka mutoro wakagovaniswa wechikamu chekupedzisira mhando.
The Failure Archive: Zvidzidzo muScrap Bin
Iwe unodzidza zvakawanda kubva kune yakakundikana kukanda pane yakakwana. Ani nani anotaura zvakasiyana ari kutengesa chimwe chinhu. Pakutanga munguva yangu ndichishanda nemaitiro aya, takanga tine odha yeakaoma ductile iron manifold. Iwo prototypes aive akanaka. Mukugadzirwa kwakazara, takatanga kuwana zvisina tsarukano, brittle fractures. Mupari wemhosva? Shanduko yeinoculant inoshandiswa mukurapa kwesimbi, yakasanganiswa nekamwe kukurumidza kutonhora mwero mune yedu itsva, yakakura magoko molds. Metallurgy yacho yainzwika pabepa, asi kupindirana kwacho kwakanga kwadzimwa. Isu takazvigadzirisa nekugadzirisa mold pre-heat uye kushandura kudzokera kune yepakutanga inoculant, asi kwete tisati tabvisa yakakosha batch.
Iri ndiro divi risina kunaka. Mugadziri akanaka ane dura renyaya idzi-dzavo uye ngano dzeindasitiri. Vanofanira kunge vari paranoid nezve process drift. Kana batch idzva rejecha refractory rasvika, vanomhanyisa goko rekuyedza? Kana hunyoro huchikwira muna Chikunguru, vanogadzirisa kutenderera kwekuomesa here? Uku kusvinurira kwekushanda ndiko kunoreva makore makumi matatu echiitiko, senge QSY mareferensi, anoreva chaizvo. Haasi makore makumi matatu ekudzokorora; makore makumi matatu ekugadzirisa kune zviuru zvidiki zvakasiyana.
Imwe yekirasi 'kutadza' kutadza kutaurirana pane specs. Dhirowa inodaidzira Hukasha hwe125 Ra max. Se-cast, tinogona kurova izvo. Asi kana mutengi achinyatsoda kupedzisa kwemuchina pane iyo nzvimbo uye akanganwa kuicherechedza, chikamu hachina basa. Zvino, chitoro chine ruzivo chichabata izvi. Ivo vanozoona kushivirira kwakasimba pachibhorani kana chinyorwa nezve chisimbiso groove uye kufona kuti vajekese: Uri kugadzira ichi chiso? Nekuti se-cast, isu hatigone kubata iyo flatness. Kufona ikoko, nguva iyoyo yekukahadzika uye kujekeswa, yakakosha kudarika chiuru chakakwana asi chisinganzwisisike.
Iyo Yechokwadi Chiyero: Kuenderana Pamusoro Penguva Yakareba
Saka, iwe unotonga sei an mugadziri wekukanda mari? Usangobvunza sampuli yavo yakanaka. Bvunza yavo statistical process control (SPC) data yeyakakosha dimension pane yakareba-inomhanya chikamu. Bvunza nezve yavo yekutanga-pass goho muzana. Bvunza nezve maitiro avo ekukodzera chinhu chitsva kana chitsva musimboti mutengesi. Mhinduro dzichakuudza zvese.
Chinangwa hachisi chekugadzira chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa chekuratidzira kwekutengeserana. Iko kugadzira mijenya nhamba 500 nekuvimbika kwakafanana nenhamba nhamba 1, makore mashanu akaparadzana, kunyangwe kana mainjiniya ekutanga aenda pamudyandigere. Izvi zvinoda masisitimu, asiwo tsika inoremekedza hunyanzvi. Ndiye musanganisi wemold anonzwa kukweva zvishoma pane wax patani uye anoziva kuti kufa kunoda kucheneswa CMM isati yaratidza kukanganisa.
Pakupedzisira, kudyidzana nemugadziri ndeyekuwana yavo yakaunganidzwa yekurangarira matambudziko akagadziriswa uye njodzi dzakadziviswa. Zviri pamusoro pekuda kwavo kutaura kuti dhizaini ichava nedambudziko, heino chikonzero nei simbi isati yatemwa. Paunotarisa pane portfolio kubva kune imwe femu inobatana shell mold casting nechaiyo machining, uri kuona magumo eiyo yakabatanidzwa, kugadzirisa matambudziko. Chikamu hachina kungokandwa; inogadzirwa, inozvarwa kubva mumuitiro unofunga nhanho imwe neimwe kubva mukamuri yewakisi kusvika pakupera kwekupedzisira. Ndicho chinhu chiri kuseri kwezwi guru.
