Kana vanhu vazhinji vakanzwa 'chikamu chekudyara mari', vanofananidzira chinhu chisina kukanganisa, chiri pedyo-neti-chimiro chesimbi chikamu, pamwe chimwe chinhu chiri muchadenga kana chekurapa. Ndiyo gloss yekushambadzira. Chokwadi, kugayiwa kwezuva nezuva, kwakanyanya kukanganisa. Hazvisi zvekungowana ma geometries akaoma; inhaurirano yenguva dzose pakati pechinangwa chekugadzira, hunhu hwezvinhu, uye chimiro chechimiro chemaitiro. Pfungwa isiriyo huru? Kuti ndiyo 'magic' mhinduro kune chero chikamu chakaoma. Hazvisizvo. Icho chishandiso chakanyanya hunyanzvi, uye kuishandisa zvisizvo inzira yekumhanyisa kudhura zvakanyanya uye kurwadzisa moyo.
Iyo Core yeMaitirwo: Ipo Dzidziso Inosangana Wax uye Ceramic
Zvose zvinotanga nemuenzaniso, uye pano ndipo paunogadzira kana kuputsa basa. Hatisi kungotaura nezve wax replica. Kugadzirwa kwewakisi pachayo kwakakosha - kuderera kwehuwandu hwayo, madota ayo emukati mushure mekuneta. Ndakaona mapurojekiti achikanganiswa nekuti mumwe munhu achinja kuenda kune 'yakafanana' giredhi rewakisi kuchengetedza masendi mashoma pakirogiramu. Zvakaguma nei? Dimensional kudonha uye kuputika kwegoko panguva yekudonha. Hausi kungotenga wakisi; uri kutenga hunhu hunofanotaurwa.
Ipapo kunouya chivakwa chehoko. Uku hakusi kupenda madziro; itsika. Iyo yekutanga slurry jasi, iyo stucco application, iyo yakaoma nharaunda - humidity uye tembiricha kutonga pano hazvigone kutaurirana. Kumhanyira panguva yekuomeswa kunotungamirira kumvura yakachengetwa, iyo inoshanduka kuva steam panguva yekudurura, zvichiita ... kusafadza. Mabhobho, makwapa, unopa zita. Iyo inononoka, yakaturikidzana maitiro ekuvaka simba. Yega yega dip kutenderera kunowedzera nguva uye mutengo, ndosaka ukobvu hwemadziro kufanana muchikamu chekugadzira kwakakosha. Kamwe kamwe gobvu chikamu chinoreva mamwe madhipi ekuvaka akakwana goko gobvu ipapo, kukanda kunze kutenderera.
Ndinoyeuka purojekiti yepombi impeller, yekare mari yekukanda chikamu. Dhizaini yemutengi yaive neaya akanaka, mavane matete asi akanyanya kukora hub. Muvambi weinjiniya pachitoro cheshamwari - ndiri kufunga nezvechikwata chiri Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY) pano - akairatidza pakarepo. Vave vachiita izvi kwemakumi matatu emakore, saka vazviona zvese. Zano ravo raive rekubvisa hub, kugadzira mudhuri wakafanana. Yakawedzera zvishoma kumutengo wepateni asi yakachengetedza mari yakawanda munguva yekuvaka-shell uye yakaderedza njodzi ye shrinkage porosity muchikamu icho chinorema. Ndiko rudzi rwekuita co-engineering inotsanangura kubudirira.
Sarudzo dzeZvinhu: Haisi Chete NecheSpecial Sheet
Wese munhu anotarisa pane ekupedzisira zvinhu specs - kusimba kwesimba, iyo inodzivirira ngura. Asi maitiro ekukanda eiyo alloy ndiyo inokuchengetedza iwe usiku. Tora 316L simbi isina tsvina. Ibhiza rebasa. Asi fluidity uye shrinkage maitiro akasiyana kubva, toti, 17-4 PH. Kudururira tembiricha, gating dhizaini, kuisirwa feeder - ese anoda kugadziridzwa kune chaiyo alloy. Iyo gating system inoshanda zvakakwana kune kabhoni simbi inogona kufa nenzara chikamu mune nickel-based superalloy inosimba pane akasiyana siyana.
Apa ndipo panobva pava neukoshi hwenhoroondo yezvinhu. Chitoro chakaita seQSY, icho chinonyora cobalt uye nickel alloys mune yavo wheelhouse, ichave yakagadzira hunyanzvi hwekuita zvezvinhu izvi zvinonyengera. Ivo vanozoziva chaiyo preheat tembiricha yematehwe avo kune imwe alloy kudzivirira kutyisa kwekupisa uye kuve nechokwadi chekuzadza kwakachena. Urwu harusi ruzivo rwemabhuku; zvakaoma-kuhwina, muchoto-parutivi ruzivo. Iwe haugone kunyepedzera izvozvo.
Ndakaita chikanganiso pakutanga, ndichitsanangura yemhando yepamusoro duplex simbi isina tsvina yechikamu chemugungwa. Iwo ma specs aive akakwana pabepa. Asi isu hatina kuzvidavirira zvizere nezvenzvimbo yayo yakakwira yekunyungudika uye chaiyo yekusimba pateni. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive kuramba ichipisa kubvarura padyo nepanosangana magedhi. Iyo yekutanga (kwete QSY, iyi yaive yekutanga pabasa rangu) yakanetsekana nayo. Takazopedzisira tadzokera, kuzorora kumwe kusingatsoropodze kushivirira, uye kugadzirisa gating, iyo yakawedzera mavhiki. Tinodzidzei? Iyo yakanyanya kukwirisa haibatsiri kana iwe usingakwanise kuikanda zvine mutsindo. Dzimwe nguva, chokwadi mari yekukanda chikamu zvinhu ndizvo zvinoenzanisa kuita nekukandwa.
Iyo Machining Handshake: As-Cast Haisiyo Yokupedzisa Line
Iri ndiro danho rakakosha rinopetwa. Kwete mari yekukanda chikamu iri zvechokwadi 'yagadzirira-kushandisa' kubva pa shakeout. Iwe une magedhi ekubvisa, nzvimbo yekupedzisa, uye kazhinji, chaiyo maficha kumashini. Hukama pakati pekukanda maitiro uye machining process ndeyepedyo. Maitirwo aunoita gedhi uye nekuisa chikamu mumuti zvakananga zvinokanganisa kwauchazove neiyo yakawanda stock mvumo yekugadzira.
Kukandira kwakashata kunogona kuisa chisimbiso chakakomba pamutsetse wekuparadzanisa kana munzvimbo yekusakwana kwepamusoro, zvichisiya machinist asina chekuchenesa-up stock. Ini ndinogara ndichisimbirira pakuongorora kwakabatana pakati peanokandira tekinoroji uye CNC programmer isati yekutanga pateni yaitwa. Vanofanira kutaura mutauro wakafanana. Mukomana wekukanda anofanirwa kuziva kuti ndedzipi nzvimbo dziri 'datums' dzemachining, uye machinist anofanirwa kunzwisisa musiyano ungangoita munzvimbo yekukanda.
Iyi pfungwa yakabatanidzwa ndosaka makambani anopa zvese kukanda uye machining, seQSY nekwavo kutaurwa CNC kugona, vane mukana wakasiyana. Magadzirirwo avo epateni anoziviswa nemagadzirirwo avo ekugadzira kubva pazuva rekutanga. Ivo vanogona kusiya ehurongwa 'mapadhi' pakukandira semachining locators, vachiziva chaizvo mashandisirwo avachazoshandiswa gare gare. Inobvisa kunongedzera kwemunwe pakati pekukandira kwakasiyana uye zvitoro zvemuchina kana kushivirira stack-up kukaitika. Chikamu chinobatwa sechinhu chimwechete chinoenderera kubva pawakisi kusvika pakupera chikamu.
Mutengo Vatyairi: Iwo Akavanzika Levers
Vatengi vanogara vachida kuziva mutengo pachidimbu. Asi kuti unzwisise izvozvo, unofanirwa kupenengura mashure. The chikuru mutengo mutyairi haisi nguva dzose simbi. Kune zvikamu zvakaoma, zvakaderera-vhoriyamu, ndicho chishandiso - tenzi anofa kuti abudise mapatani ewakisi. Kana iwe uchingogadzira zvidimbu makumi mashanu, mutengo wekushandisa wakaderedzwa pamusoro pechikamu chimwe nechimwe wakakura. Ndiko uko kukurumidza prototyping matekiniki atenzi, senge 3D kudhinda muresin kana kunyange simbi, inogona kuve inoshandura mutambo we prototyping kana yakaderera mavhoriyamu.
Chechipiri chikamu chekuverenga pamuti. Mangani mapatani aunogona kuunganidza pane imwe sprue? Iyo 3D jigsaw puzzle, kuenzanisa kupisa kwemafuta kune kunyange kusimba, kuderedza kushandiswa kwewakisi, uye nekuona kuti goko rinogona kutsigira huremu. Kukwirisa muti density imhando yehunyanzvi inorova zvakananga mutengo weyuniti. Unyanzvi hweinjiniya hweakawana hunowanzoyerwa pano.
Pakupedzisira, kuongorora. Chikamu chemucheki welawn uye chikamu chegasi turbine blade zvese Investment kukanda zvikamu, asi hurumende yekuongorora yakaparadzana nenyika. Dhayi inopinda, X-ray, CT scanning, CMM - imwe neimwe inowedzera mutengo uye nguva. Kutsanangudza mwero wakakodzera wekutarisa, zvichibva pane basa rechikamu uye njodzi, yakakosha yekutengesa uye yehunyanzvi sarudzo. Kuongorora zvakanyanya kunogona kuuraya kugona kweprojekiti; pasi-kutsanangura iyo imhosva nguva bhomba.
Kukundikana seVadzidzisi: Iyo Porosity Puzzle
Iwe unodzidza zvakawanda kubva mukukandwa kwakakundikana kupfuura zana dzakakwana. Gas porosity ndeyemhando yepamusoro. Iwo maburi madiki, anopenya akatenderera mukati mechinhu. Kazhinji, mhosva yekukurumidza inoenda kune goko - kwete kukwana kwakakwana. Asi dzimwe nguva, ane mhosva ari kumusoro kwemvura. Wakisi pachayo inogona kuteya mweya kana jekiseni paramita isiriyo. Kana iyo alloy haina kunyatso kucheneswa muchoto. Kana kuti kudira kwakanyanyisa, kusveta mweya murukova rwesimbi.
Ini ndinorangarira batch remaoko erevhisi aive aine porosity munzvimbo chaiyo. Takatarisa goko, wakisi, kuongororwa kwesimbi. Zvese zvaive zvekufungidzira. Pakanga pangove patakadhirowa kudira nekamera yekumhanya-mhanya kwatakazviona: rukova rwesimbi rwakanga rwuchirova madziro emumhanyi wakamira uye kugadzira vortex yaipinza mweya, iyo yakabva yatakurwa ichipinda mugomba. Kugadzirisa kwaive nyore, kwakakombama mumhanyi kutsvedzerera kuyerera. Yakanga iri nyaya yekugadzira, kwete imwe nzira. Pasina humbowo hunooneka, tingadai takave nemavhiki tichidzingirira miswe yedu.
Ndicho chinhu chine investment casting. Maitiro acho ane zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvekuti kuzviparadzanisa ndiko kwakakosha. Iwe unoda yakarongeka, ingangoita forensic nzira yekugadzirisa matambudziko. Zvinoda kushivirira uye kudyidzana neiyo foundry inoda kukumba newe, kwete kungokutumira iwe batch yekutsiva uye tariro yezvakanakisa. Chinangwa ndechekugadzirisa chikonzero, kwete kungoisa pamusoro pechiratidzo cheiyo inotevera kurongeka.
Kutarisira Mberi: Kwete Kungooma, asi Kubatanidzwa
Remangwana rekudyara mari haisi yekungosundira miganhu yemadziro matete kana ndima dzemukati. Zviri pamusoro pekubatanidza zvine hungwaru kubva pakutanga. Zviri pamusoro pevagadziri vanonzwisisa zvipingamupinyi zvemaitiro - mapeji ekudhirowa haadiwe, asi madziro mayunifomu uye majunctions anodzorwa ari. Izvo ndezvekusimudza simulation software kwete sechishandiso chekutengesa, asi semudiwa wemazuva ese kufanotaura kusimba uye kugadzirisa gating chero simbi isati yanyungudutswa.
Izvo zvakare nezve kugadzirwa kwakasanganiswa. Tave kutanga kuona maapplication apo mari yekukandira inoumba iyo huru yechikamu, uyezve maficha anowedzerwa kuburikidza neakananga simbi deposition kana chaiyo welding. Kana kuti iyo inotonhorera inotonhorera inopinza, yakagadzirwa kuburikidza nekuwedzera kugadzira, inokandwa mumudziyo wekushandisa. Mitsetse iri kudzima.
Pamwoyo payo, kunyange zvakadaro, inoramba iri mhizha. Ndezvekunzwisisa kuyerera kwewakisi, kuvakwa kweceramic, kuyerera nekuoma kwesimbi. Paunenge uchibata yakagadzirwa zvakanaka mari yekukanda chikamu - chimwe chinhu chakaita seturbine blade kana kuisirwa mukuvhiya - iwe wakabata magumo eiyo ruzivo rwakadzama, rwekubata. Iyo mhinduro inozvarwa kubva kune inodzorwa mhirizhonga, uye ndizvo zvinoita kuti inakidze, uye isingaperi inonetsa kugadzirisa.
