Kana vanhu vazhinji vakanzwa 'zvikamu zvekuisa mari', vanofungidzira izvo zvakatsetseka, zviri pedyo-neti-shape zvikamu, pamwe blade yeturbine kana yekurapa. Ndicho chigadzirwa chakakwenenzverwa. Chokwadi, kugaya kwezuva nezuva, kuri pamusoro pekutonga kutendeka kwewakisi, kupenya kwegomba receramic, uye kutamba kwesimbi panguva yekudira. Zvitoro zvakawanda zvinosungirirwa pamusoro pedimensional kushivirira specs - izvo zvinonetsa, usandifungire zvisizvo - asi ivo vanowanzo tarisa kuti iyo yese process ketani, kubva kune yekutanga mold dhizaini kusvika yekupedzisira kupisa kupisa, inoraira kutendeseka kwechimiro. Hazvisi zvekungogadzira chimiro; ndezve engineering microstructure.
Kamuri yeWax: Painotangira Zvese (Uye Inogona Kushata)
Chikamu chejekiseni chewakisi chiri nyore zvinonyengera. Ungafunga kuti kungozadza simbi nenamo womirira kuti igadzikane. Asi tembiricha gradients pano ndizvo zvese. Kana wakisi ikakurumidza kutonhora, unowana madhiri emukati anotaridza sekupeta kana kutsemuka mazuva gare gare, panguva yegungano. Ndakaona batch ye Investment kukanda zvikamu Kumba kwepombi kunoraswa nekuti tembiricha yewax room yaichinja ne5 degrees Celsius pakupera kwesvondo. Iwo mapatani aitaridzika akakwana nemusi weMuvhuro mangwanani, asi neChitatu, vaive vakanganisa zvakakwana kuti vatadze cheki yeCMM.
Ipapo ndipo pane wakisi pachayo. Haasi yese wakisi inosikwa yakaenzana. Kune dzakaomarara, dzakatetepa-madziro emadziro, iwe unoda musanganiswa nepamusoro mafirita emukati ekuomarara, asi izvo zvinogona kuita kuti iite brittle. Icho chiito chenguva dzose chekuenzanisa. Mutengesi akafanana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), nemakumi emakore avo vari mumutambo, vangangove vane hunyanzvi hwekugadzira wakisi kana kudzora kwakasimba kwevapi vezvikamu zvemhuri dzakasiyana. Ndirwo rudzi rweruzivo rwakadzikama rwaunovaka pamusoro pemakore makumi matatu, kwete kubva mubhuku.
Kuunganidzwa kwewakisi pamuti wepakati ndeimwe nzira yehunyanzvi. Makona uye mapoinzi ekunamidzira haasi ekudira zvinhu chete; ivo vanokanganisa zvakanyanya kusimba kwekutungamira kwesimbi gare gare. Isa chimiro chinorema panzvimbo isina kunaka, uye iwe unogadzira nzvimbo inopisa inotungamirira kune shrinkage porosity. Takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma kare nemuviri wesimbi isina tsvina. Yakanaka kupedzwa kwepamusoro, asi yakatadza kuongororwa kweX-ray. Kugadzirisa kwanga kusiri muchoto; kwaive mukugadzira patsva marongerwo emuti wewakisi.
Iyo Ceramic Shell: Iyo Sefa, Kwete Chete Mold
Kuvaka ganda receramic inzira inononoka, iterative yekunyura, stuccoing, uye kuomesa. Tsananguro zhinji dzinomira pairi dzinogadzira mold yekuramba. Chavanopotsa ndechekuti goko iri rine simba, semi-permeable barriers. Jasi rayo rekutanga, kazhinji zircon-based slurry, inosarudza kupera kwekupedzisira kwekukanda. Chero mabhuru emhepo kana zvinosanganisirwa pano zvinodzokororwa zvakakwana pamusoro pesimbi. Ndinopedza nguva yakawandisa ndichiongorora bhachi rekutanga pasi perambi rinokudza.
Iwo anotevera mabhachi ekuchengetedza ari pamusoro pesimba uye kugadzikana kwekupisa. Asi heino nuance: kupenya kwegoko rakapedzwa kunoraira kuti magasi anopukunyuka sei panguva yekudira uye nekutsva-kunze kwewakisi. Goko rakanyanya kusimba rinogona kuteya gasi, richikonzera kurova kana mapinho. Yakanyanya porous, uye haikwanise kumirisana nemetallostatic pressure, zvichitungamira mukutsemuka-kukanganisa uye kutadza kwengozi. Kuwana iyo slurry viscosity uye stucco saizi yezviyo zvakakodzera kune yega jasi resipi inokudzwa neruzivo. Makambani anga aripo kwenguva yakareba QSY Iva neizvi pasi kune sainzi, pamwe iine otomatiki dipping mitsara yekuenderana, asi kunyangwe zvakadaro, hunyoro hwemamiriro ekunze ikaradhi remusango ravanogara vachitarisa.
Dewaxing - danho raunonyungudusa kana kupisa wakisi - inzvimbo yakakosha yekushushikana kwegoko. Kana zvikaitwa nehasha, kuvhunduka kwekushisa kunogona kukonzera micro-cracks. Isu takambochinjira kune inokurumidza autoclave kutenderera kuti tiwedzere throughput. Mabhomba akabatwa, asi madhiri akatanga kuratidza tsinga dzakanaka. Zvakatitorera vhiki yekuedza kunoparadza kuti tidzokere kune madiki mafractures mugoko rekutanga dhizaini kubva pakuputika kwemhepo ine chisimba. Takachaira cycle back and the defect rate yakadzikira. Dzimwe nguva, kunonoka kunonyanya kushanda.
Kudurura: Metallurgy Inosangana Nekuita
Apa ndipo panosangana dzidziso nesimbi yakanyungudutswa. For Investment kukanda zvikamu mune alloys senge nickel-based kana cobalt-based superalloys, kudira mujaho unodzorwa uchipesana nenguva. Iyo simbi inowanzodirwa pakupisa kwekushisa kwakanyanya pamusoro peiyo liquidus point kuti ive nechokwadi chekuyerera kuburikidza nezvikamu zvitete, asi iyo yakawedzera kupisa inogona kutungamirira mukukura kwezviyo uye kupatsanurwa kwemakemikari. Nzira yekugezera yawakagadzira mavhiki apfuura muchimiro chewakisi ndiyo chete yauinayo pamusoro pekuti simbi inozadza sei mhango. Inoda kuvhiringika zvakakwana kudzivirira kutonhora kunovhara asi laminar zvakakwana kudzivirira kupinza slag kana oxide mafirimu.
Ini ndinorangarira chirongwa chepamusoro-tembiricha alloy chikamu chinoshandiswa mumhepo. Iyo fungidziro inodaidzira chaiyo kuyerera kwezviyo nzira yekuramba kuneta. Kuwana izvo kwaisangova nezve kemisitiri yesimbi; kwaive kusati kwapisa ganda receramic kune tembiricha chaiyo (mukati me25 ° C hwindo) uye kudzora kumhanya kwekudira kukurudzira kusimba kwegwaro kubva kumucheto kwechikamu kudzokera kugedhi. Zvakatora nhanho nhatu dzemutyairi kuti agadzirise. Iko kugona kweiyo dhizaini kudzora ma paramita - chiyero chavo chevira, mahovhoni avo ekutanga kupisa - ndiyo inoparadzanisa chitoro chebasa kubva kune yechokwadi tekinoroji shamwari.
Mushure mekudira, goko rakaputswa, asi chikamu chiri kure nekuita. Magedhi uye vanomhanya, zvakare ikozvino mune simbi, vanoda kubviswa. Kune ma alloys akaoma, izvi zvinowanzoreva kushandisa abrasive cut-off vhiri kana kunyange EDM wire yekucheka. Iwe unofanirwa kungwarira kuti urege kuunza kushushikana kana kukuvadza kwemafuta muchikamu chacho pachayo panguva ino. Idanho rekupedzisa iro rinoda faini yakawanda seyekukanda maitiro.
Machining & Kupedzisa: Iko Kukandira Hakusi Kupera
Anenge ese ekudyara kukanda kunoda imwe nhanho yemachining. Vimbiso yepedyo-neti-shape haiwanzo net-shape. Iwe unogona kunge uine nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekuvharisa, maburi akaiswa tambo, kana mabhora akasimba-kushivirira anoda kupedzwa. Apa ndipo panobatanidzwa neCNC machining hunyanzvi hunova mukana wakakura. Kana imba yekukanda inobatawo machining, senge QSY vanoita neCNC machining masevhisi avo, vanogona kukwenenzvera dhizaini yekukanda machinability kubva pakutanga.
Semuyenzaniso, vanogona kuwedzera mari shoma yekubvumidza masheya munzvimbo chaidzo, vachiziva chaizvo kuti gadziriso yavo inobata sei kudhirowa. Ivo vanonzwisisa mukana wekusara kwekushushikana mukukanda uye vanogona kuteedzera machining mashandiro kuti asunungure pasina kukanganisa chikamu. Kuedza kuwana iyi nhanho yekubatana nekutumira mbichana yekukanda kune yakaparadzana muchina shopu yakazara nemapundu ekutaurirana uye nekunongedza zvigunwe kana chimwe chinhu chikatadza.
Kupedzisa kwepamusoro ndeimwe kufunga. Nezve corrosion-resistant applications mustainless simbi, passivation treatment ndiyo yakajairika. Asi kune zvikamu zvine chiteshi chemukati kana majeometri akaomarara, kuve nechokwadi chekuvharwa kwekemikari yakazara uye kugeza kunonetsa. Iyo inyaya iri nyore kutsanangura padhirowa asi yakaoma kuita nguva dzose. Mutengesi akanaka achave akasimbiswa maitiro eizvi, kazhinji anosanganisira kushushikana kana ultrasonics.
Material Nuances: Kwete Yese Simbi iSimbi
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu ndiko uko application inotsanangura chaizvo maitiro. Kana tichitaura nezvesimbi kana simbi isina tsvina ye Investment kukanda zvikamu, tiri kutaura pamusoro pemakumi emamwe mamakisi chaiwo. Iyo 17-4 PH isina tsvina inopa kunaya kwemvura kuomarara kwesimba, asi kutenderera kwayo kwekupisa kusinganzwisisike uye kunogona kuchinjika chikamu chakatetepa-chakakomberedzwa. A 316L inopa yakanakisa corrosion kuramba asi iri gummy kumuchina. Mugadziri anofanira kuziva izvi.
Izvi zvinotonyanya kukosha kune alloys akakosha. Nickel-based alloys, seInconel 718, anowanzo kusarudzwa kune yakakwirira-tembiricha simba uye oxidation kuramba. Nekudaro, ivo vane mukurumbira wakanyanya kupatsanurwa kwezvinhu senge niobium panguva yekusimba. Izvi zvinoda kudzora kwakasimba kwazvo pamusoro peyero yekutonhodza uye kazhinji inotevera homogenization yekupisa kurapwa kugoverazve zvinhu zvakaenzana. Chitoro chisina hunyanzvi hwesimbi yakadzama chinogona kukanda chimiro nenzira kwayo asi chichiunza chikamu chine sub-par mechanical properties.
Cobalt-based alloys, seStellite, imwe mhuka. Iwo anopfeka zvinoshamisa uye anodzivirira corrosion asi anogona kunge asina brittle. Kugadzira fillet radii uye shanduko yechikamu kudzivirira kushushikana kwakanyanya kwakakosha. Iwe haugone kungotora dhizaini yakaitirwa kabhoni simbi woikanda mucobalt alloy. Iyo yemhinduro loop pakati peinjiniya yekugadzira uye foundry metallurgist yakakosha pano. Kushanda kwenguva refu kunovaka raibhurari yeruzivo urwu, kunzwisisa kuti chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu zvavo zvepakati-kubva kune ductile iron kusvika kune superalloys-zvinobata sei mumamiriro avo chaiwo.
Pfungwa dzekupedzisira: Ihurongwa, Kwete Nhanho
Ndichitarisa kumashure, chidzidzo chikuru ndechekuti kukanda mari ndeye yakabatana system. Iyo tweak mune wax formula inokanganisa kuvakwa kwegoko, izvo zvinokanganisa budiriro yekudonha, iyo inoshandura iyo inopisa mbiri yekudira, iyo inokanganisa chimiro chezviyo. Iwe haugone kukwirisa mumasilos. Kukosha kwemudiwa hakusi kwekungove nemidziyo yekukanda magoko Investment casting, uye CNC machining pasi pedenga rimwe. Zviri mukuita mainjiniya anonzwisisa kuti nhanho imwe neimwe inotaura sei kune inotevera.
Mutengo chaiwo hausi mumutengo wechikamu chimwe nechimwe; iri mukati mehupenyu hwese hweprojekiti-nguva yeinjiniya, iyo prototype iterations, nguva yekutungamira kune yakavimbika kugadzirwa. Iyo diki yekumberi yekuchengetedza mutengo nechitoro chisina ruzivo inogona kubuda nekutadza kwebatch imwe inovhara mutsetse wegungano. Kusagadzikana kunouya kubva kumakumi emakore ekumhanyisa maitiro akafanana, sezvaungatarisira kubva kufemu ine makore makumi matatu nhoroondo, chinhu chisingabatike asi chakakosha. Ndiwo mutsauko pakati pekuwana chikamu chinotaridzika zvakanaka uye kuwana chikamu chinoita zvakanaka, batch after batch.
Saka nguva inotevera paunoongorora seti yemadhirowa ezvingangoita mari yekukanda, tarisa kupfuura iyo geometry. Funga nezvemaitiro echinhu, nzvimbo dzakakosha, makesi ekutakura. Uye sarudza mumwe wako zvichienderana nehurongwa hwavo hwekufunga, kwete bhurocha ravo chete. Rwendo rwechikamu kubva kuCAD modhi kuenda kuchikamu chinoshanda muruoko rwemumwe munhu rwakarebesa uye rwakawanda kudarika zvarinoratidzika.
