Kana mumwe munhu akakumbira 'mutengo wekudyara mari,' ndinowanzo shamisika kuti chii chavari kutsvaga chaizvo. Ingori nhamba yekuenzanisa nemumwe mupi, kana kuti vanonzwisisa izvo zvinodyisa mumufananidzo wekupedzisira? Mumakore angu, ndakaona mapurojekiti akawandisa akadzikiswa nekuti yekutanga quote yakabatwa semutengo wakatemwa, asi muchokwadi, ingori poindi yekutaura. Mutengo chaiwo hausi wesimbi chete muchikamu; ndeyerwendo rwese rwekushandura wakisi pateni kuita chikamu chakapedzwa, chinoshanda. Ngatitaurei pamusoro pechii chaizvo chinofambisa nhamba iyoyo kumusoro kana pasi.
Kwainobva Nhamba Chaizvo
Iwe unowana chikumbiro, pamwe 3D modhi kana kunyange sketch. Mafungiro ekutanga ndeekuverenga huremu hwesimbi uye kuwedzera. Ndiko kukanganisa kukuru. The mutengo wekukanda mari inotanga ne mold. Chishandiso chakareruka, chezvikamu zviviri zvegiya rekutanga chinhu chimwe. Asi kana chikamu chacho chine undercuts, madziro akatetepa, kana akaomesesa emukati chiteshi, uri kutarisa kune akawanda-slide mold kana kunyange ceramic cores. Mutengo wekushandisa iwoyo unoderedzwa, asi ichokwadi, kumberi kurova. Ndinorangarira ndichitora chirevo chepombi; mutengi akashamiswa kuti tooling yaiva 70% yePO yekutanga. Asi pasina iyo yakaomesesa yepakati musangano, chikamu hachigone kuitwa. Koti yacho yanga isina kukwirisa; zvakanga zvakarurama.
Ipapo pane wakisi. Haasi ose akafanana. Nokuda kwezvikamu zvepamusoro-soro, unoda kuderera-shrinkage, kugadzikana kwepamusoro. Zvinodhura zvakawanda. Iyo wax injection process pachayo-kumanikidza, tembiricha, kutenderera nguva-zvese zvinokanganisa kunaka kwepateni uye, nekudaro, goho. Patani yewakisi isina kunyatsogadzirwa inovimbisa kutsemuka kwegoko uye kupinda kwesimbi gare gare, zvinoreva kuti zvimedu. Uye zvimedu mutengo unogara uchiwana nzira yekudzokera mu mutengo wekukanda mari pachidimbu pane inotevera odha, kana mutengesi achida kugara mubhizinesi.
Sarudzo yemidziyo ndiyo iri pachena mutyairi, asi haina mutsara. 304 isina tsvina yakajairika. Asi kana iwe ukasvetukira kune nickel-based alloy seInconel 718, hausi kungobhadharira iyo mbishi premium. Iwe uri kubhadharira iyo inodzorwa mamiriro ekunyunguduka, iyo yakakosha kubata kwekudzoka (gating uye sprues), uye kazhinji, inononoka ganda-yekuvaka maitiro ekudzivirira maitiro. Kambani yakadai Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), nemakumi matatu emakore ekukandira uye alloys akakosha, zvingakonzeresa izvi nemasikirwo. Chirevo chavo chechikamu checobalt-based valve chaizogadzirwa zvakasiyana zvachose kubva kune imwe yekabhoni simbi bracket, kunyangwe pahuremu hwakafanana.
Iwo Akavanzika Multipliers Ivo Havakuudze nezvayo
Surface finish zvinodiwa. Ra 3.2 vs. Ra 1.6. Izvo zvinoita semusiyano mudiki pane spec sheet. Pauriri hwechitoro, zvinogona kureva imwe nhanho yekupfekedza slurry, jecha rakatsetseka, kana kushandura kubva kune yakajairwa silica yakasanganiswa kuenda kune zircon-based prime jasi. Nhanho imwe neimwe inowedzera nguva, mutengo wezvinhu, uye basa. Kana iwe ukadaidza 'as-cast' kupera, mutengo unodonha. Asi kana iwe uchida nzvimbo yakagadzirira kuputira kana kupisa-yepamusoro-yekushisa, iyo shell process inowedzera kudhura. Izvi hazviwanzo kupatsanurwa muchirevo chakareruka; yakabikwa muchiyero che-kg.
Odha huwandu uye kudzokorora. Iyo yekirasi yehupfumi yechiyero inoshanda, asi ine twist. Kumhanya kwezvimedu zviuru gumi zvinobvumira optimized geting, kwaunogona kuunganidza zvikamu makumi maviri pamuti. Iyo unit inodhura inodonha. Asi zvidimbu makumi mashanu? Uchiri kugadzira goko rakazara remuti unogona kungobata zvikamu zvina. Basa rekuunganidza, kunyudza, uye stucco rakada kufanana. Mari yeyuniti yakakwira, uye ndizvozvo. Apa ndipo panogumburwa vatengi vatsva. Vanoona 'yakakwirira' mutengo wekukanda mari kune prototype mhanya uye uende, usingazive kuti mutengo wechimiro cheyakaderera vhoriyamu chakasiyana zvakanyanya. QSY's modhi, inovhara kubva kugadzira mold kusvika kuCNC machining, inobatsira pano. Ivo vanogona kutora kumwe kusashanda kweprototyping kana vakaona nzira yekugadzira vhoriyamu uye rinotevera machining basa.
Testing uye certification. Ita kuti zvidhindwe zvakachipa. Ita iyo kudhinda uye upe yakazara zvinhu certs kuASTM A985, ine zana muzana redhiyo yekuongorora imhuka yakasiyana. Kuongorora kwega kwega-dhayi inopinda, X-ray, CMM-inowedzera yakagadziriswa uye inochinja mari. Ini ndave nemapurojekiti uko iyo protocol yekuyedza inodhura kupfuura yekukanda kwayo. Haisi chiratidzo; ishuwarenzi nehumbowo. Kana iwe uri mumhepo kana kurapwa, iyi ndiyo mutengo. Kuisiya kubva paRFQ yako yekutanga kuti uwane 'mutengo wezvimiti' yakaderera ndiyo nzira yenjodzi uye wozoshandura maodha gare gare.
Nyaya Yechokwadi: Pane Mutengo Wakashata (uye Kurudyi)
Taive nemutengi akambotsvaga imba yekunyorera marine. Vane zvirevo zvitatu. Yedu yaive pakati. Wepasi aibva pane kamwe kachitoro kaivimbisa mwedzi. Chikamu chacho chaive mu316 isina tsvina. Mutengi wepasi akaunzwa, asi zvikamu zvaive ne micro-porosity. Zvisingaonekwe, asi pasi pekumanikidzwa, vakadonha. Mutengi akatarisana nekuyeuka kwakazara batch. The mutengo wekukanda mari ivo vakabhadhara, pakupedzisira, zero, nokuti zvikamu zvakanga zvisina maturo. Mutengo wekutadza - kugadzira patsva, kugadzirazve, kunonoka kuburitswa kwechigadzirwa - kwakawedzera mutsauko uripo pakati pekotesheni yedu neyakaderera.
Chii chatakaita zvakasiyana? Maitiro edu, akakudzwa kwemakore senge paQSY, aisanganisira yakamanikidzwa kusimba nhanho yeiyo chaiyo geometry yekudyisa mikobvu-yakaonda. Yakawedzera chirango chenguva yekutenderera. Kutaura kwedu kwakaratidza izvozvo. Zvavo hazvina kudaro, nekusaziva kana kutarisira kuti yaisava nyaya. Uyu ndiwo musimboti wayo: mutengo unovimbika unoratidza maitiro akaratidzwa. Inomiririra matambudziko anozivikanwa. Mutengo wakaderera kazhinji unongoyambuka zvigunwe zvayo.
Kurongeka kwekutevera kwakauya kwatiri. Isu takashandisa zvishandiso zvakafanana (izvo zvakapona, mumwe mutengo unowanzo kukanganikwa - hupenyu hwechishandiso). Mutengo pachikamu chaive chakaderera pane yedu yekutanga quote nekuti njodzi yaive yaenda. Taiziva kuti nzira yacho yaishanda. Uhwu ndihwo hukama hwenguva refu hunovaka mutengo wakajeka wekutanga. Hazvisi zvekuva yakachipa pazuva rekutanga; ndezvekuva mutengo chaiwo pamusoro pehupenyu hweprojekiti.
Machining: The Silent Partner muFinal Cost
Izvi zvakakosha uye uko shopu yakabatanidzwa inoratidza kukosha kwayo. An as-cast part inenge isati iri yekupedzisira. Unoda machining allowances pazviso zvakakosha. Iyo yakanaka yekutanga inodzikisa izvi, asi inogara iripo. Kana iwe uri kuwana yekukanda quote kubva kuFoundry A uye machining quote kubva kuMachine Shop B, urikupotsa chimedu chihombe chepikicha yemutengo.
Iyo yekutanga inoda kunzwisisa kuti datum maficha ari kupi, kune kwakasimba kushivirira, kuti vagone kuisa chikamu pamuti uye kuwedzera stock zvinoenderana. Kana vakasadzora machining, unoisa panjodzi chikamu chinokandira zvakanaka asi chisingagoneke kusungirira nemuchina pasina kukanganisa kutendeseka. Ndakaona zvikamu izvo mutengo wekugadzira wakapetwa katatu nekuti mupi wekukanda akaisa gedhi pane yaifanirwa kunge iri yekutanga datum nzvimbo. A vertically integrated operation se QSY anonzvenga izvi. Mainjiniya avo ekukanda uye CNC programmers vanotaurirana. The mutengo wekukanda mari ivo vanopa for cast uye muchina package inowanzova yechokwadi uye yakaderera mukuzara kupfuura huwandu hwemakotesheni maviri akapatsanurwa, nekuti ivo vakagadzira iyo process cheni zvakazara kubva pakutanga.
Ivo zvakare vanobata Logistics uye njodzi. Ndiani ane mhosva kana mutswe ukawanikwa panguva yekugadzira? Kana ari mutengesi mumwe chete, mhinduro yakajeka. Kana ari maviri, ibasa rekunongedza munwe rinononotsa zvese. Kunonoka ikoko kune muripo, zvakare, kunyangwe isingambo ratidzike pane chero P&L chirevo kudzamara yanyanya kunonoka.
Saka, Unofanira Kuongorora Sei Quote?
Usangotarisa pazasi. Zviputse. Bvunza rudimentary mutengo chimiro: maturusi amortization, mutengo wezvinhu pakg (kusanganisira alloy surcharge), mutengo wekugadzirisa, uye mutengo wekuyedza. Mutengesi ane mukurumbira seQSY, ane nhoroondo refu, haazeze kubva pane izvi. Vanoziva kuti inovaka kuvimbana. Kana mutengesi akakupa mari imwe chete uye achiramba kutsanangura, ngwarira.
Context ndizvo zvese. Ivo vari kutora kubva pane yako yakapihwa 3D modhi, kana kuti vakaita ongororo yekugadzira? Chirevo chakanaka chinosanganisira mazano-Kana tikafambisa mbabvu iyi 2mm, tinogona kudzivirira musimboti uye kuderedza mutengo wekushandisa ne30%. Ndiyo mudiwa, kwete mutengesi chete. Mutengo mushure mekuita shanduko yakadaro-ye-manufacturability ndeyechokwadi, yakagadziridzwa mutengo wekukanda mari.
Pakupedzisira, funga mumutengo wakakwana wekuva muridzi. Batanidza nguva yekutungamira (basa rekumhanyisa rinodhura zvakanyanya), kuenderana kwemhando (yekuongorora mitengo uye mitengo yekukundikana), uye rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi. Iyo yakachipa yekutanga quote inotungamira kune yakamiswa yekugadzira mutsara ndiyo inodhura zvakanyanya sarudzo yaungasarudza. Chinangwa ndechekutsvaga mutengo unomiririra yakagadzikana, inodzokororwa, uye yakavimbika maitiro. Ndiyo nhamba inonyanya kukosha. Zvimwe zvese fungidziro ine tariro.
