Kana vanhu vazhinji vakanzwa 'aron casting', vanofananidzira ladle yesimbi yakanyunguduka uye mold yejecha - maitiro akashata, ane utsinye. Izvo hazvina kukanganisa, asi inzvimbo yekutanga iyo inopotsa iyo nuance. Chinetso chaicho hachisi chokungopinza simbi; iri kudzora zvinoitika painoomesa, kutonhora, uye kugadzirwa nemichina. Ndakaona mapurojekiti akawanda achigumburwa nekubata simbi yakakandwa sebundu rakachipa, rinoumbika. Iyo giredhi ine basa, iyo mold mhando inonyanya kukosha, uye basa rekukanda-kukanda rinotarisa zvese.
Mold ndiyo Mharidzo
Iwe haungosarudze mold yechimiro; unozvisarudzira ganda. Kune yakaoma, yakakwirira-kushivirira zvikamu mukati iron casting, isu tinogara takatsamira kune shell mold kana investment casting. Kukandira jecha kune nzvimbo yayo yezvihombe, zvakakasharara, asi iyo yepamusoro pekupedzisira uye dimensional kuenderana kubva kune resin-yakavharwa goko iri pane imwe nhanho. Ini ndinorangarira batch yepombi dzimba uko mutengi aisimbirira pajecha regirini pamutengo. Kukandwa kwacho kwakabuda nechiso chakaita sejecha rakakora, uye nguva yekugadzira yekuachenesa yakadzima chero mari yekutanga. Iyo mold inoraira yekutanga 50% yemari yako yekupedzisira chikamu.
Ndipo panoratidza chiitiko chemuchitoro. Kambani yakadai Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), nemakumi matatu emakore emugoko uye kuisa mari, ine mapatani uye magadzirirwo maparamita akadanwa. Vanoziva, semuenzaniso, kuti kupisa kwematehwe ematehwe adzo kunopindirana sei nekudhonzwa kwemagiredhi esimbi akasiyana. Haisi ruzivo rwemabhuku; imhando yechinhu chaunodzidza mushure mekuona zviuru zvezviumbwa zvichitsemuka kana kuburitsa kupenya panzvimbo imwe chete.
Iyo gating system dhizaini - machani anodyisa simbi mugomba rekuumbwa - imwe yakasviba art. Dururira nekukurumidza nemagedhi asiri iwo, uye iwe unowana mhirizhonga, kuvharika kwemhepo, uye slag inclusions. Ndakamboshanda pane yakaoma giya casing pataive neinopfuurira shrinkage porosity muchikamu chakakora. Takaedza zvese: kugadzirisa tembiricha yekudira, tichishandisa chills. Kugadzirisa? Kugadzirisazve gedhi kuti rigadzire imwe nzira yekusimbisa maitiro. Yakanga iri shanduko isina kujeka muhukuru hwemumhanyi uye kuiswa, chimwe chinhu chaisazombofa chakaonekwa nemunhu.
Zvinhu Zvakawanda Kupfuura Pepa Rakatsanangurwa
Kudoma simbi yakakandwa kwakafanana nekupinda muresitorendi uchikumbira chikafu. Simbi yeGrey (Grey Iron), ductile iron (Nodular Iron), yakasungirirwa graphite… chimwe nechimwe chinoita sechinhu chakasiyana zvachose. Simbi ye grey yakanakira kudonhedza kudedera asi ine brittle; ductile iron ine simba uye kumwe kuoma. Iyo alloying zvinhu uye inoculation process panguva yekudururwa inoita kana kuipwanya.
Takava nepurojekiti yebhuroketi rinosungirirwa zvakanyanya. Kudhirowa kwacho kwaida generic Grade 250 grey iron. Something felt off. Mushure mekutaura kuburikidza nemakesi emutoro uye njodzi yekukanganisa neinjiniya, isu takasundidzira shanduko kune ferritic ductile iron. Mutengo wezvigadzirwa waive wakakwira, asi chikamu chaive chakareruka, chakasimba, uye chakapona kuneta kuyedza iyo grey iron version ingadai yakakundikana. Mutengi aitarisa pamutengo wekg; takanga tichitarisa chikamu-mu-sevhisi kuita.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero kubatirana neakawana inobata alloys akakosha mambure ekuchengetedza. Kuziva kuti mutengesi akaita seQSY anoshanda nezvose kubva kumasimbi akajairwa nesimbi kusvika kune nickel-based alloys zvinoreva kuti vanonzwisisa simbi padanho rekunyungudika. Havasi kungodira; vari kuongorora kuchaja kuumbwa, kutonga kunyunguduka kwakanyanya, uye kudzora kutonhora kwecurve. Kune chikamu chakajairika, pamwe hazvina basa. Kune chero chinhu chakakosha, ndizvo zvese.
The Machining Handshake
Apa ndipo panowanikwa disconnect inowanzoitika: kukanda kwacho kwakanaka, asi hakugoneke. Kana kuti, inogona kugadzirwa, asi kwete zvakanaka kana nehupenyu hwakanaka hwekushandisa. Iko kuomarara kusiyanisa kubva paganda kuenda kupakati mukukanda, kunyanya neimwe mitengo yekutonhora, inogona kukanganisa maturusi eCNC. Kukandira kunoratidzika kunge kwakaringana kunogona kuvanza nzvimbo dzakaoma kana kusawirirana microstructure iyo inokonzeresa chatter uye matongo kupera kwepamusoro.
Zvitoro zvakasanganiswa zvine mukana wakakura pano. Kana sangano rimwechete richiita iron casting zvakare inobata iyo CNC machining, vanogona kugadzira manufacturability kubva pakutanga. Ivo vanoziva nzira yekumisikidza chikamu mu mold kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zviso zvakakomba zvine kuomarara kwekugadzira. Ivo vanogona kuwedzera shoma stock allowance munzvimbo dzakakodzera nekuti maitiro avo anodzokororwa. Ndanga ndiri muzvitoro umo machining team nefoundry vari muhondo, vachipomerana mhosva yezvikara. Inzira inodhura kushanda.
Tichitarisa kuseta kweQSY, musanganiswa wekukanda uye mukati meimba CNC machining kufambira mberi kunonzwisisika. It closes the loop. Ivo vanogona kukanda ductile iron valve muviri, semuenzaniso, ine akakosha maflange uye ekubatanidza madoko, vobva vagadzira zviso zvekuvharisa nemaburi eshinda mune imwe gadziriso. Mhinduro yacho inokurumidza: kana chishandiso chakapfeka nekukurumidza pane imwe batch, vanogona kuitsvaga ichidzokera kune yakanyunguduka logi kana nguva yekutonhora. Kudzora ikoko kwakaoma kutevedzera kana iwe uchitumira rough castings munyika yose kune imwe chitoro chemuchina.
Kana Zvinhu Zvikashata (Vanoita)
Kutadza kuongorora ndiye mudzidzisi akanakisa. Pakutanga, ini ndaive nebasa rekumhanya kwemiviri midiki yemagetsi mune grey iron. Vakapfuura ongororo dzese dzekutanga asi vakatanga kutsemuka mumunda mushure mekutenderera kwemafuta mashoma. Mupari wemhosva? Residual stresses kubva pakutonhodza zvisina kuenzana. Isu takanga tisina kutsanangura kutenderera kwekunetseka kutenderera mushure mekukanda, tichifunga kuti geometry yaive nyore zvakakwana. Chakanga chiri chidzidzo chinodhura. Ikozvino, kune chero chikamu chine akasiyana-chikamu-chikamu kana sevhisi pasi pehuremu hwekupisa, post-casting kupisa kurapwa ndicho chinhu chekutanga chandinofunga.
Imwe yemhando yepamusoro ndeye porosity. Haisi nguva dzose chirema chekukanda; dzimwe nguva ndeye dhizaini. Mutengi akambotitumira modhi yeCAD ine chimiro chakanaka, cheorganic chine zvikamu zvakakora zvakati wandei zvichisangana kuita madziro matete. It was a porosity trap. Isu taifanira kutaurirana shanduko yekugadzira - kuwedzera mbabvu, kuchenesa nzvimbo dzakakora - kuti iite kuti ikwanise kukandwa. Iyo yakanaka yekukanda dhizaini kazhinji haisi iyo yakanaka mechanical dhizaini. Iko kubvumirana, kunotungamirirwa nekuyerera uye kusimba kwesimbi.
Scrap happens. Mucherechedzo wenzvimbo yakanaka hausi kuzoremara; ndiwo mabatiro avanoaita, matorero avanoita chisakiso, uye magadzirisiro avanoita kadhi rekuita rekumhanya kunotevera. Ini ndinokoshesa mutengesi anotumira rondedzero ine mapikicha echirema, chikamu chakakamurwa chinoratidza porosity, uye shanduko yakarongwa kune gedhi kana tembiricha yekudurura kupfuura uyo anongotsiva chinyararire chikamu.
The Real Cost Equation
Pakupedzisira, kusanzwisisa kukuru: izvo iron casting inogara iri yakaderera-mutengo sarudzo. Kune imwe-offs kana mabhechi madiki, zvinotyisa. Iyo pateni inodhura chete iuraye. Asi kana iwe uchirova vhoriyamu - toti, mazana mashoma zvidimbu pagore zvichikwira - iyo economics flip. The unit price plummets. Kuchengetedza chaiko, kunyanguvezvo, kunobva mukubatanidzwa. Kukandira kunoita kuti ubatanidze zvidimbu zvakagadzirwa kuita chimwe chete, kubvisa zvisungo, basa remagungano, uye zvingangotadza zvibodzwa.
Takagadzira patsva furemu yakagadzirwa kubva kune gumi nemaviri-akachekwa nelaser-akachekwa uye akakwenenzverwa simbi ndiro. Iyo nyowani-imwe chidimbu ductile iron casting yaive 15% yakareruka, 40% yakaoma, uye yakaderedza nguva yegungano kubva kumaawa kuenda kumaminitsi. Mutengo wekushandisa waive wakakosha, asi wakaderedzwa pamusoro pehuwandu hwekugadzira, iyo yega-chikamu kuchengetedza yaive yakakura. Ukoshi hwaive mukuita uye gungano kurerutsa, kwete chete mbishi zvinhu.
Ndiwo magumo. Hazvisi zvekusarudza simbi yekukanda nekuti ndeyechinyakare kana yakachipa. Iri pamusoro pekusarudza iyo nekuti ndiyo inonyanya kushanda nzira yekugadzira imwe geometry ine inodiwa zvinhu zvivakwa, kunyanya kana yapetwa nekunyatso kuumba uye yakasanganiswa machining. Inzira inopa mubairo wakadzika, ruzivo rwetactile uye inoranga mapfupi. Kana zvaitwa nemazvo, nemudiwa akakodzera webasa racho, mhedzisiro chinhu chinonzwa chakasimba, chinoshanda nemazvo, uye kutaura chokwadi, chinongotaridzika sekunge chaifanira kuva.
