Vanhu vakawanda pavanonzwa 'kukandwa kwejecha resimbi', vanofananidzira maitirwo echinyakare aiitwa masimbi akaomarara. Ndiyo yekutanga kusanzwisisa. Muchokwadi, mazuva ano kukanda jecha resimbi, kunyanya kana tichitaura pamusoro pe-high-duty grey iron kana ductile iron components, inyanzvi yehunyanzvi. Haisi yekungodira simbi mujecha mold; ndezvekudzora jecha pacharo—kuumbwa kwaro, kupinda kwaro, kukwanisa kwaro kubudisa magasi—kudzivisa hurema hwakawanda hunogona kubvisa batch. Ndakaona mapurojekiti akawandisa achikundikana nekuti kutarisa kwaingove kunyungudika kwesimbi, nepo jecha system yaive yekufungidzira. Jecha ndiro hafu yehondo, zvichida zvimwe.
Iyo Jecha Sistimu: Haisi Ingori Ijecha
Ngatipindei mugrit. Izwi rokuti jecha rinorasisa. Muchigadziro chekugadzira chigadziriso, musanganiswa wakanyatsorongeka wesilica jecha, bentonite ivhu, mvura, uye kazhinji guruva remarasha (seacoal) kana zvimwe zvinowedzera. Reshiyo ndiyo zvese. Ivhu rakawandisa, uye mold inova yakanyanya kuoma, kudzivirira yakakodzera gasi kupukunyuka panguva yekudira. Iwe uchawana zvibhakera uye pinholes. Kunyanya kushoma, uye mold face inogona kudonha kana kudonha, zvichitungamira kune inclusions uye hutsinye hwepamusoro kupera. Ndinoyeuka basa remuviri wevharuvhu wehydraulic uko taigara tichirohwa nepasi pevhu. Takadzinga dambudziko kuburikidza nedhipatimendi rekunyunguduka kwemavhiki tisati tazoona batch yedu itsva ye bentonite yakanga ine yakasiyana ion exchange capacity. Jecha rakanga risiri kuita zvakafanana. Kuchinja kwakajeka, dambudziko guru.
Ipapo kune kugadzikana kwekupisa kwejecha. Kana iyo 1300 ° C+ iron yarova mudhuri we mold, jecha rinoda kushingirira kuvhunduka kwekushisa pasina kufungira pakukanda. Kune mamwe majeometri akaoma ane zvikamu zvakakora, isu dzimwe nguva tinoshandisa jecha rechromite kana jecha re zircon munzvimbo dzakakosha dze mold. Inodhura zvakanyanya, asi inodzivirira kutsva-pa uye kukanganisa kwekupinda iyo inotyisa kuchenesa mukugadzira. Iko kuverengera kwemutengo-bhenefita yaunoita zvichienderana nebasa rechikamu uye kushivirira kwemutengi pakugadzirisazve.
Mulling uye aeration maitiro asingawane hurukuro yakakwana kunze kweiyo yekutanga pasi. Ijecha rinoda kunyatsosanganiswa kuti ripfekedze tsanga imwe neimwe nebhainda, uyezve inoda kufefeterwa kuti iparadze masumbu uye kuti ikwanise kuyerera. Jecha risina kuvharwa zvakanaka rinokonzera kuoma kwe mold kusingawirirani. Iwe unogona kuve neyakakwana pateni, asi kana jecha rikasarongedza zvakafanana rakatenderedza, yako dimensional kurongeka kunobuda nepahwindo. Inyanzvi yekubata-bata muller anogona kutaura zvakawanda nekunzwa jecha.
Kugadzira Pateni: Iyo Blueprint muHuni neSimbi
Iyo pateni ndiyo chimiro chemuviri chechikamu, pamwe neruzivo rwese rwemuvambi. Draft angles, shrinkage allowance, fillet radii, core print dhizaini - zvese zvakavakwa mariri. For kukanda jecha resimbi inomhanya, isu tinowanzo shandisa mapatani esimbi (aruminiyamu kana simbi) kuti igare. Asi dhizaini uzivi hwakakosha. Chikanganiso chakajairika kugadzira pateni sekopi yakananga yemuenzaniso weCAD. Simbi inodzikira, zvakanyanya. Kune grey iron, uri kutarisa nezve 1% shrinkage. Saka pateni yako inofanira kunge yakanyanyisa kuenderana. Uye haina mutsara; siyana chikamu ukobvu inotonhorera pamitengo yakasiyana, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa. Isu tinowanzo shandisa shrink mitemo uye kunyange kugadzirisa pateni zvichienderana nekutanga-chinyorwa mhinduro.
Gating uye masisitimu ekusimuka akagadzirwa patani paplate. Apa ndipo panosangana hunyanzvi nesainzi. Chinangwa ndechekuwana simbi yakachena, isina mhirizhonga yekuzadza gomba nekukasira, uye wozodyisa iyo shrinkage sezvo kukanda kunowedzera. Kuisa ma risers (mafeeders) zvisiri izvo kukanganisa kwekare. Vanofanira kunge vari pazvikamu zvinorema, zvekupedzisira kusimba. Ndakave nezviitiko apo chikamu chakakandwa zvakanaka chakaparadzwa ne shrinkage mhango mune akakosha boss nekuti simiti yaive masendimita mashoma kubva pachinzvimbo chayo. Simulation software inobatsira ikozvino, asi hapana chinotsiva chekucheka kuvhura mashoma emuenzaniso castings uye kuona iyo yekusimbisa pateni nemeso ako.
Pateni kuchengetedza inguva dzose. Jecha rinoputika. Nokufamba kwenguva, chimiro chinopera, uye zviyero zvinodonha. Chirongwa chenguva dzose chekutarisa chiyero chepateni kupesana natenzi hachigone kutaurirana. Ibasa rinofinha, rekudzivirira iro rinochengetedza zvisingaverengeki misoro yemusoro pasi pemutsara.
Kudurura: Iko Kudzora Kunosangana Nemhirizhonga
Kudira simbi kunonyengera-kutaridzika. Hazvisizvo. Tembiricha yakakosha. Kunyanya kupisa, uye iwe unowedzera njodzi yekutsva kwejecha-mukati uye zvakanyanya shrinkage. Kunyanya kutonhora, uye unowana mistruns, zvivharo zvinotonhora, kana kusanaya zvakanaka kwemvura kunotadza kuzadza zvikamu zvitete. Kune akawanda egrey iron maapplication, isu tinovavarira kudururira pakati pe1350 ° C uye 1400 ° C, asi izvi zvinokwenenzverwa zvichienderana nekukora kwechikamu uye chikamu chehuremu. Iwe unodzidza kutonga kuyerera kwerukova uye ruvara rwesimbi, asi thermocouples ishamwari yako yepamoyo.
Kudira speed nyaya. Kukurumidza, uye iwe unoisa panjodzi yekukukurwa kwehutu uye mhirizhonga inobata mweya uye slag. Kunyanya kunonoka, uye simbi inotanga kuoma chando chisati chazara. Iko kudira kwakadzikama, kunoramba kuchidururwa kusvikira waona simbi ichikwira mune zvinosimudza. Iyo slag inofanira kubviswa nekushingairira paladle pamberi uye panguva yekudira. Chero slag inopinda muforoma ichava yekubatanidzwa. Ihwo hwakakosha, hunyanzvi-pamaoko husina muchina unokwanisa kutevedzera zvizere.
Mamiriro ekunze munzvimbo yekudira anonetsa, nguva dzese. Uri kutonga kupisa, simbi yakanyungudutswa, uye wachi. Simbi iri kutonhora kubva painobuda muchoto. Pane hwindo rakamanikana kuti rigadzirise. Kuchengetedzeka kwakakosha, asi ndizvo zvakaitawo kutarisa. Kuvhiringidzwa kwechinguva kunogona kureva kudira kwakaipa kana kuipa.
Shakeout, Kuchenesa, uye Chokwadi chekupedza
Mushure mekutonhora, kukanda kunoenda kune shakeout. Jecha rinobviswa nechisimba, uye kukanda kunobuda, kuchipisa uye kwakavharwa nejecha rakatsva. Uku ndiko kutarisa chaiko kwekutanga pabasa rako. Uri kutsvaga hurema huri pachena: kupenya kukuru, kukanganisa kwakashata, macores akatsemuka. Magedhi uye masimudziro anobva abviswa, kazhinji kuburikidza nekucheka matochi kana mabhandi.
Kunobva kwauya kuchenesa, kazhinji kacho chikamu chinoda kushanda nesimba. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuputika kwepfuti kubvisa chikero chejecha chasara, uyezve kukuya zvisaririra zvemagedhi nekusimuka, uye chero zvimbi kana kupenya. Apa ndipo panoonekwa mhando yeforoma yako nebasa repakati. Iyo mold yakagadzirwa zvakanaka ine tight core fits inoderedza kukuya kunodiwa. Kusashanda zvakanaka kunoreva maawa ekuwedzera basa nemakona, kuwedzera mutengo uye njodzi yekukuvadzwa pakukanda kwayo kana guyo rikatsvedza. Kune makambani anopa zvizere-sevhisi mhinduro, senge Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), iyi yakabatanidzwa post-casting process yakakosha. Neanopfuura makore 30 mukugadzira nekugadzira, vanonzwisisa kuti kukanda hakupere kana kwabva mujecha; inopera kana yagadzirira kuungana kwevatengi. Kugona kwavo kutevera kukanda jecha resimbi nechaiyo CNC machining mukati-mumba ibhenefiti yakakosha, kuve nechokwadi kuti hukuru hwakakomba hunobatwa uye kuchengetedza mutengi kubva mukuronga vatengesi vakawanda.
Kuongorora kunoitika panguva ino. Dimensional cheki, ongororo yekuona yehurema hwepasi, uye kazhinji isingaparadze kuyedza senge dhayi inopinda kana ultrasonic bvunzo yezvikamu zvakakosha. Chinhanho chinopengenutsa. Dzimwe nguva, kukanda kwaitaridzika zvakanaka mushure mekudengenyeka kunoratidza shrinkage porosity kana jecha rinosanganisirwa mushure mekuputika kwepfuti. Iwe unofanirwa kusarudza: inogona kugadziriswa here newelding (uye mutengi achaibvumira here?), Kana kuti chirahwe? Chiyero chegoho inogara ichimanikidza.
Material Nuances: Kwete Yese Iron Yakagadzirwa Yakaenzana
Kana tikadoma simbi, imhuri yakakura. Pakukanda jecha, grey iron (Flake Graphite Iron) ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa, inokosheswa nekunyorovesa kwayo, machinability, uye kunaka kwemvura. Asi ductile iron (Nodular Graphite Iron) iri kuwedzera kutsanangurwa kune zvikamu zvinoda simba repamusoro uye kuoma. Musiyano uri mukunyunguduka-kuwedzera magnesium kana cerium kuti spheroidize graphite. Kurapa uku kuvhiya kwakapfava; fade nguva chinhu, uye inofanira kuitwa pamberi pekudururwa. Ita zvisizvo, uye iwe unowana yakaora graphite, ichiuraya ma mechanic properties.
Alloyed irons anowedzera imwe layer. Kuwedzera chromium yekusapfeka, nickel yekudzivirira ngura, kana molybdenum yekusimba pakupisa kwakanyanya kunoshandura zvese-maitiro ekunyunguduka, maitiro ekuderera, machinability. Apa ndipo panoedzwa hunyanzvi hwe metallurgical foundry. Chitoro chakaita seQSY, icho chinonyora ruzivo neakakosha alloys anosanganisira nickel-based uye cobalt-based alloys, yaizosvika kune alloyed irons ine yakasimba process control mindset. Misimboti ye kukanda jecha resimbi gara, asi misiyano inowedzera.
Kusarudzwa kwegiredhi resimbi kunokanganisa zvakananga dhizaini yekukanda pachayo. Chikamu chakagadzirirwa ductile iron chingada kusimuka kwakasiyana pane chikamu chimwechete mugrey iron nekuda kwekusimba kwakasiyana hunhu. Iyi ipfungwa yekutadza mukukurukurirana pakati pevagadziri uye foundries. Kufunga kuti simbi isimbi inotungamira mukukandwa zvisina kunaka uye kukundikana kusingatarisirwe mubasa.
Pfungwa dzekupedzisa: A Synergistic process
Saka, kukanda jecha resimbi iri kure nehunyanzvi hwechinyakare. Iketani yemaitiro akabatana: kugadzirira jecha, peteni engineering, core kugadzira, kunyunguduka kudzora, kudurura, uye kupedza. Utera mune chero chinongedzo chinodambura cheni. Iyo maitiro ikozvino yakanangana nekubatana kwakasimba, uko iyo yekutanga inobatanidzwa kutanga muchikamu chekugadzira kupa zano pamusoro pekugadzirwa, uye uko post-casting maitiro senge machining anoonekwa sechikamu chekuenderera mberi kwebasa. Ndezve kuendesa chikamu chinoshanda, kwete kungokanda kwakashata.
Hunyanzvi chaihwo huri mukudzikamisa izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupfumi. Itsika yakavakirwa pane zvakaunganidzwa, dzimwe nguva zvinorwadza, ruzivo. Iwe unodzidza kubva kune yega yega yakadururwa mold, kubva kune yega chikanganiso chekuongorora. Chinangwa ndechekuita-kuburitsa zana rekukanda nemhando yakafanana neyekutanga. Ndiro dambudziko rechokwadi rehunyanzvi, uye ndiro rinoparadzanisa nzvimbo yebasa kubva kune yakavimbika yekugadzira mudiwa kune chaiyo zvikamu.
