Paunonzwa 'liquid simbi jekiseni molding', pfungwa zhinji dzinosvetuka dzakananga kusci-fi kana izvo zvemagetsi zvemhando yepamusoro-soro zvine makesi emhando yepamusoro, asina musono. Icho chikamu chazvo, chokwadi, asi chokwadi mune zviwanikwa uye zvitoro zvemuchina zvakanyanya grittier uye zvakanyanya nuanced. Hazvisi zvekungoita kuti chimwe chinhu chitaridzike; ndezvekugadzirisa dambudziko rejometri iro kukanda jecha kusingagone kubata, kana kuwana kupera kwepamusoro kunobvisa maawa ebasa repashure-CNC. Mafungiro akajairika ndeekuti inzvimbo imwe chete yekumisa-shopu yekukwana. Mukuita, inhaurirano pakati pesimba remvura, mareti ekusimba, uye hutsinye hwehupfumi hwemutengo wekushandisa maringe nechikamu chikamu. Ndakaona zvitoro zvichinyura mukufunga kuti ingori vhezheni yepamusoro yekuumbwa kwejekiseni repurasitiki, kungopiswa-chaicho uye nenzira yekufananidzira-nekushushikana kwekushisa uye maitiro ealloy yavaisafungidzira.
Iyo Core Dance: Alloy, Mold, uye Window yeMukana
Mwoyo wekuita hausi iwo jekiseni muchina pachawo; ndiko kuroorana kwezvinhu uye mold. Iwe hausi kushanda nemapolymers. Uri kubata nemasimbi anoenda kubva kumvura kuenda kune yakasimba mune yakaoma, nhete tembiricha hwindo. Somuenzaniso, pamwe ne nickel-based alloys tinowanzo mhanya panzvimbo yedu, kupisa kwakanyanya - tembiricha iri pamusoro peiyo liquidus point - ndizvo zvese. Yakanyanya kukwirira, uye unobvisa simbi mold (iyo inofa) kana kukonzera yakawandisa shrinkage porosity. Yakanyanya kuderera, uye unowana misrun kana kutonhora makumbo asati atombozadza. Chinhu chinobatika. Iwe unodzidza kutonga viscosity yesimbi nenzira yainodurura kubva paladle, unyanzvi husina bhuku rinogona kudzidzisa.
Apa ndipo panowanikwa makumi emakumi emakore eruzivo rwekukanda, senge makore makumi matatu emashure atiri Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), inova isina kutaurirana. Iwe haugone kungotenga muchina wotanga. Iwe unoda iyo pfungwa yakadzika yemaitiro akasiyana emhuri dzesimbi. Kubva pakukanda zvinhu zvesimbi isina tsvina kuenda kune cobalt-based alloy ye-high-wear application haisi nyore shanduko paHMI skrini. Iyo yese yekupisa manejimendi yekufa, iyo gating system dhizaini, kunyangwe mumiriri wekuburitsa, angangoda kufunga patsva. Iyo mold haisi chigadziko chinongogara; chinhu chinopisa chinopisa, uye kugadzira machanera ayo ekutonhodza hunyanzvi kupfuura sainzi dzimwe nguva.
Ini ndinorangarira chirongwa cheyakaomarara impeller mu duplex Stainless simbi. Mutengi aida mashizha matete, aerodynamic akanyatsojeka. Kukandwa kwejecha kwakasiya misiyano yakawandisa; kugadzira kubva pakasimba kwaidhura zvakanyanya. Liquid simbi jekiseni kuumba ndiye aive mumiriri ane musoro. Isu takawana iyo geometry papfuti yekutanga-iyo kubereka kwacho kwaishamisa. Asi chikamu chakakanganiswa panguva yejection. Nyaya yacho? Isu takagadzira kutonhora kwekusimbisa yunifomu, asi takanga tisina kunyatso tsanangura nezvekusiyana kwekupisa kwemafuta pakati pehubhu yakakora uye mashizha matete. Yakanga iri nyaya yekare yekukunda muhondo yekuzadza asi kurasikirwa nehondo yekushushikana. Isu takazvigadzirisa nekuwedzera ipfupi, inodzorwa nguva yekugara mukufa isati yaiswa, tichibvumira tembiricha kuti ienzane zvakakwana. Iyo tweak yakabva mumusanganiswa we data yekufananidza uye huturu hwemushandisi kunzwa kuti chikamu changa chisati chagadzirira kubuda.
Iyo Yekushandisa Musungo: Iko Mapurojekiti Anobudirira kana Kumira
Ngatitaure nezve nzou mukamuri: tooling. The die for liquid simbi jekiseni kuumba ihombe capital investment. Yakagadzirwa kubva kumusoro-giredhi, inopisa-basa rekushandisa simbi, kazhinji ine yakaoma conformal yekutonhodza mitsetse yakadhiriwa mukati. Nguva yekufambisa yekufa kwakaoma inogona kuva mwedzi. Iyi ndiyo pfungwa huru yekukundikana kune vatsva. Ivo vanorerutsa mutengo uye vanowedzeredza kwekutanga dhizaini kukwana.
Mutemo unoshanda watinotevera ndewekuti usambofa wakapedzisa dhizaini pasina kutanga tamhanyisa prototype uchishandisa yakachipa, yakagadzirwa graphite kana copper alloy mold. Icho chibairo, asi chinoburitsa nyaya dzekuyerera, nzvimbo dzinopisa, uye matambudziko ekuburitsa pachidimbu chemutengo. Isu takaita izvi kune akatevedzana ekubatanidza dzimba mune yakakosha, yakakwirira-conductivity alloy. Iyo CAD modhi yaitaridzika zvakanaka. Iyo graphite prototype yakatiratidza nzvimbo yakafa mukona umo mweya waive wakavharirwa, zvichikonzera nzvimbo. Kuigadzirisa muCAD tisati tacheka simbi yekupedzisira kufa kwakatiponesa nhanhatu-nhamba kukanganisa uye 10-vhiki kunonoka.
Hukama neCNC machining timu yakakosha pano. PaQSY, dhipatimendi redu remukati reCNC harisi chinhu chakasiyana; ivo chikamu chehurukuro yebudiriro kubva pazuva rekutanga. Ndivo vanotiudza kana dhizaini yekona ichigadzirwa, kana kana imwe core pini dhizaini ichapona 100,000 macycles. Uku kubatanidzwa pakati pekukanda uye machining ndiko kunoshandura yakanaka jekiseni yekuumba maitiro kuita yakavimbika yekugadzira rwizi. Icho chikamu chinowanzo buda mukufa pedyo-neti-chimiro, asi yakakosha yekuisa chisimbiso nzvimbo kana tambo inoda iyo yekupedzisira, chaiyo CNC kubata. Kugadzira iyo yechipiri oparesheni chikamu chekutanga DFM (Design for Manufacturability).
Material Nuances: Haisi Ingori Metal
Izwi rokuti simbi yemvura iri nyore zvinonyengera. Munzvimbo yedu, zvinogona kureva chiyero 316 chisina tsvina, chipfeko chinodzivirira cobalt-chrome musanganiswa, kana kutonhora-kupisa nickel alloy. Imwe neimwe ine hunhu hwayo panguva yejekiseni. Aluminium uye zinc alloys, akajairika mukudzika-tembiricha kufa-kukanda, anoregerera. Paunopinda mu special alloys—izvo zvinogadzira mativi ekugadzira makemikari, muchadenga, kana kuti michina yezvokurapa—mitemo inochinja.
Tora nickel-based alloys. Iwo akanakisa pakuora uye kudzivirira kupisa, asi anowanzo kupatsanurwa uye kupisa kubvarura kana iyo yekusimbisa yekumberi ikasabatwa zvine hungwaru. Iwe haugone kungoputika mold neinotonhorera; iwe unofanirwa kutungamira kusimba kubva kunzvimbo iri kure kure kudzokera kugedhi, kunyanya kufudza microstructure yesimbi munzvimbo. Izvi zvinowanzoreva kudziyisa zvine hungwaru dzimwe nzvimbo dzefa, kwete kungoitonhodza. Zviri counter-intuitive. Uri kubaya simbi yakanyungudutswa, asi unogona kunge uine macartridge ekudziya mumuviri unofa kudzivirira kutonhora nguva isati yakwana muchikamu chakakosha.
Takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma nechikamu chevharuvhu. The material was perfect for the sour gas environment yaizoshanda mairi. Chikamu chakapfuura all dimensional cheki. Asi pasi pekuyedzwa kwekumanikidzwa, zvakatadza panzvimbo yaiita senge isina kurongeka. Metallurgical analysis yakaratidza dambuko risingaoneki pamuganhu wezviyo—kubvarura inopisa. Kugadzirisa kwanga kusiri kushandura alloy; yakanga iri kugadzirazve gedhi uye inofashukira kuti igadzire yakanyanya kunaka tembiricha panguva iyoyo yekupedzisira yekusimba. The liquid simbi jekiseni kuumba maitirwo aifanira kugadzirwa kwete kungoumba chikamu, asi kuronga kuperera kwayo kwemukati.
Kubatanidza Kupedzisa: Iyo CNC Handshake
Basa harina kuitwa kana chikamu chabviswa uye sprue yagurwa. Ndiko uko ukoshi hwemupi wesevhisi yakazara inove isingarambike. Chikamu chakagadzirwa kuburikidza liquid simbi jekiseni kuumba kazhinji ine mari shoma yekubvumidzwa-zvichida 0.5mm kana zvishoma pane zvakakosha maficha. Izvi zvinoda kunyatsojeka kwete mukuumbwa chete, asi mukugadzirisa kune inotevera CNC machining. Chikamu chinoda kuwanikwa uye kusungirirwa maererano ne-as-cast datums, kwete iyo theoretical CAD modhi.
Chikwata chedu chemuchina chinogadzira zvigadziriso zvetsika zvichibva pane yekutanga chinyorwa chekuongorora mishumo kubva kuzvikamu zvakaumbwa. Ivo vari kutsvaga anonyanya kuenderana, asina-akakosha maficha ekushandisa semapoinzi ekusunga. Semuyenzaniso, isu tinogona kushandisa chaivo boss akaumbwa akavimbika mupfuti yega yega seyekutanga Z-axis locator. Iyi isina musono handoff kubva payakavakirwa pasi kuenda kuchitoro cheCNC, pasi pedenga remba senge paQSY, inobvisa mhosva yemutambo uye zvikanganiso zvekugadzirisa zvinotambudza mabasa ekunze. Iye machinist anoziva maitiro ekukanda quirks, uye injinjiniya inoziva izvo machinist anoda kurova kushivirira.
Kubatanidzwa uku kwakakosha kune hupfumi hwechinangwa chose. Iko mari yepamusoro yepamusoro ye liquid simbi jekiseni kuumba tooling inoruramiswa nekuderedzwa machining nguva uye kutambisa zvinhu pachikamu. Kana iyo yakaumbwa chikamu chisingaenderane, iwe unorasikirwa nebhenefiti iyoyo nekukurumidza nekuti chirongwa cheCNC chinofanira kuzvidavirira pakusiyana kwemusango, kuwedzera nguva yekutenderera uye kupfeka kwezvishandiso. Iyo yakanyatso dzorwa yekuumba maitiro inogadzira inofungidzira, padyo-net-shape chimiro chisina chinhu icho CNC inogona kupedza nekukurumidza uye nekuvimbika. Ndiko kuwirirana kunoita kuti tekinoroji ishande yepakati-kusvika-yepamusoro vhoriyamu kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakaomarara.
Iyo Chaiyo-Nyika Mutongo: Nguva Yekuishandisa, Nguva Yekufamba Uchibva
Saka, mushure mezvose izvi, riini liquid simbi jekiseni kuumba zvine musoro? Haisi mhinduro yepasi rose. Iyo inopenya kana iwe uine chikamu chine yakaoma emukati ndima, akatetepa madziro (kudzika kusvika pamwe 1mm aine mamwe alloys), yakanakisa yepamusoro pekupedzisira zvinodiwa (se-akakanda Ra maitiro anogona kunge akadzikira), uye kudiwa kwezvinhu zvenyama zvinopihwa chete nesimbi yakakosha. Vhoriyamu ndiyo kiyi-iwe unoda huwandu hwepagore hwakakwana kuti ubvise mari yekushandisa mari pamusoro pezviuru zvepfuti, kwete mazana.
Ndakaraira vatengi kupokana nazvo apo chikamu chavo chaive chiri nyore bracket, kana mavhoriyamu avo aifungidzirwa aizununguka. Iko kuchinjika kwegomba mold kukanda kana kuisa mari, zvakare hunyanzvi hwekuita kwedu, kwaive kurinani kwemari. Muedzo wekushandisa advanced process wakasimba, asi mutongo wehunyanzvi ndewekusarudza chishandiso chakakodzera, kwete chinodhura zvakanyanya.
Pakupedzisira, kubudirira liquid simbi jekiseni kuumba imhizha yakadzama. Inogara pamharadzano yesimbi, dhizaini yekugadzira, thermal engineering, uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira. Ndezvekunzwisisa kuti simbi ine chirangaridzo chekuti yakazvarwa sei - kubaiwa, kusvinwa, nekusimbiswa pasi pekumanikidzwa. Kuigadzirisa kunonzwa kushoma sekukunda kwekugadzira uye zvakanyanya sekubudirira kutaurirana chibvumirano pakati pemitemo yefizikisi uye zvinodikanwa zvepurani. Uye ndicho chinhu chaunongodzidza nekumira pedyo nechoto, uchinzwa kupisa, uye kutarisa simbi ichiyerera.
