Vanhu vazhinji pavanonzwa 'kurasika kukanda wakisi', vanofananidzira chikamu chesimbi chinopenya chekupedzisira — blade yeturbine, implant yezvokurapa, chidimbu chezvishongo zvakaoma kunzwisisa. Izvo zvinopenya pamusoro, kazhinji nguva dzose, ndiyo mold. Iyo ceramic shell isiri iyo chigadzirwa, asi pasina icho chigadzirwa hachipo. Ndiyo nzvimbo isina kunaka inotsanangura zvese. Uye pane zvakajairika, zvinodhura fungidziro isiriyo yekuti peteni yewakisi ndiyo yakaoma chikamu. Mukuziva kwangu, ndipo pasati patombotanga basa chairo. Iyo mold ndiyo iyo nzira inohwina kana kurasika.
Mutambo weShell: Zvese nezveMatanho
Ngatitaure nezvegoko pacharo. Haisi imwe dip-and-dunk. Itsika. Iwe unotanga nekuunganidza wakisi - muti, masumbu, chero zvauri kumhanya. Iyo jasi rekutanga, iyo prime slurry, ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Iyi ndiyo interface inobata yega yega yega yewakisi pateni yako. Kana iwe uine yepamusoro pekupedzisira yakatarwa yeRa 3.2 kana zvirinani, jasi iri rinotarisa kuti ucharirova here. Ndakaona zvitoro zvichishandisa zircon-based slurry yeiyi yekutanga layer, kunyanya kune yakakwirira-yekutendeseka zvikamu seizvo zviri mumhepo kana zvekurapa. Hupfu hwerefractory pano hwakanaka kwazvo, hunenge hupfu hwaungabika nahwo. Chero mapundu? Iwe unozovaona gare gare semanodule pakukanda. Guaranteed.
Iyo stuccoing maitiro anotevera dip yega yega imwe yekutonga kudana. Saizi yezviyo zvestucco-yakasanganiswa silica, alumina, zircon jecha-inowedzera nechero imwe neimwe. Iyo yekutanga stucco inogona kunge iri 200-mesh, inenge guruva, kuchengetedza ruzivo. Nejasi rechina kana rechishanu, uri kushandisa yakaomesesa 30-50 mesh zvinhu kuvaka ukobvu uye kusimba kweiyo dewax uye kudurura. Rhythm ndeye zvese: dip, drain, stucco, yakaoma. Dzokorora. Nzvimbo yekuomesa ishamwari yakanyarara. Kunyanya kunyorova, uye machira haapore zvakanaka; goko rinoramba riri 'girinhi' uye risina simba. Kunyanya kupisa uye kuoma, uye unova panjodzi yekutsemuka kubva-nekukurumidza-kukurumidza solvent evaporation. Ndakaita mabhechi mukamuri yekuomeswa isina kunyatsogadziriswa akabuda aine rudzi rweganda reganda rinongoperetera dambudziko gare gare.
Uye nhamba yezvikamu? Izvo hazvisi kubva mubhuku. Chivezwa chidiki chebhuronzi chinogona kubuda ne5-6 layers. Iyo nickel-based superalloy turbine blade ichidira pa1500°C+? Uri kutarisa pa9, pamwe gumi nemaviri akaturikidzana. Unovaka kusvikira goko rave neimwe heft, imwe mheremhere isinganzwisisike paunoibaya. Chinhu chinobatika. Chinangwa igoko rinokwanisa kurarama nekudziya kwekupisa kwekudonhedza (kazhinji steam autoclave mazuva ano) yobva yadzora rwizi rwesimbi yakanyungudutswa isina kuputika kana kutsemuka. Ndicho chinangwa chese che akarasika zviumbwa zvinokanda wakisi.
Dewaxing: Nguva Yechokwadi
Iyi ndiyo yekutanga bvunzo chaiyo yegoko rako. Iwo ese ane hunyanzvi akaturikidzana ave kuda kutsva-kupisa. Nzira yekare-yemoto-yemoto kazhinji yaenda-yakanyanya kushata, inoshungurudza zvakanyanya pagoko. Ikozvino yave yakakwirira-kudzvanywa steam autoclaves. Nheyo yacho iri nyore: nekukurumidza kupisa goko, nyungudusa wakisi kubva mukati. Kuurayiwa hakusi. Mwero wetembiricha uye kukwira kwekumanikidza iresipi. Kukurumidza, uye wakisi iri kukura inogona kupeperetsa goko kubva mukati segirinedhi. Kunonoka, uye wakisi inogona kunyunguduka nekudonha zvisina kuenzana, ichisiya zvisaririra izvo zvinozotsva gare gare zvokonzera kukanganisa.
Ndinorangarira basa reimwe miviri yesimbi isina tsvina. Mapatani ewakisi aive akakora. Isu takamhanya yakajairika autoclave kutenderera. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive 30% goko rakatyoka mwero. Wakisi, yakavharirwa pakati pezvikamu zvakakora, yakawedzera nekukurumidza kupfuura yaigona kubuda nepagedhi. Taifanira kudzoka uye kugadzirisa maitiro ewakisi-kuwedzera mavhavha emukati, shandura dhizaini yegedhi-kungofambisa kubviswa kwewakisi. Chakanga chiri chidzidzo chehutsinye: dhizaini yeforoma inotanga nenamo, asi inofanira kusimbiswa padanho rewakisi. Goko harina kungogara; iri munhaurirano ine chisimba nenamo iyo yakagadzirirwa kutsiva.
Kudzoreredza wakisi ndiyo nyika yayo. Unoburitsa wakisi, unoisefa, unoisanganisa newakisi itsva kuchengetedza zvivakwa. Asi ndiyo imwe nyaya. Iyo goko ikozvino haina chinhu, isina kusimba, uye yakabata gongo rakakwana rechikamu chako. Inonzi green state. Kumira kunotevera: choto.
Kupisa uye Kudururira: Iko Kunoitika Chemistry
Choto chekupisa chinoita mabasa maviri: chinobvisa chero chekupedzisira chewakisi kana unyoro, uye inonyudza zvidimbu zveceramic pamwe chete, kushandura goko regirini kuita rakasimba, monolithic mold. Ramp-up rate yakakosha zvakare. Iwe unofanirwa kupisa zvishoma nezvishoma kunze kweiyo organics pasina kugadzira magasi anotsemura goko. Kutenderera kwakajairika kunogona kubata pa200°C kweawa, wozokwira zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika 900-1000°C. Hausi kungochipisa; uri kushandura kemikari yebhainda muslurry.
Apa ndipo pane ruzivo rwezvinhu zvakakosha. Kana iwe uchidurura cobalt-chrome yekurapa alloy, yako shell kuumbwa kunoda kuramba kupinza simbi pane chaiyo tembiricha. Goko rakagadzirirwa kabhoni simbi rinogona kungosangana necobalt, zvichikonzera kusvibiswa kwepamusoro. Makambani ane ruzivo rwakadzama rwezvinhu, senge Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), kuvaka ruzivo urwu mukuita kwavo kwemakumi emakore. Panzvimbo yavo, tsngtaocnc.com, vanotaura nezvekushanda necobalt uye nickel-based alloys. Izvi zvinondiudza kuti vangangove vakagadzira magadzirirwo chaiwo egomba-pamwe aine zircon yakawedzera kana mabhaidha akasarudzika-kubata iyo yakakwirira reactivity uye tembiricha yekudurura yeaya alloys. Haisi generic process.
Kana mold ichipisa (kazhinji unodira ichiri pamazana akati wandei madhigirii celsius kudzivirira kuvhunduka kwekupisa uye kunatsiridza kuyerera kwesimbi), unodira. Simbi inorova ceramic. Iyi ndiyo nguva yeku akarasika zviumbwa zvinokanda wakisi ratidza kukosha kwavo. Ivo vanofanirwa kumira nekushushikana kwekupisa, iyo metallostatic kumanikidza, uye kwete kuunza chero tsvina. Goko rinenge richitsva rinogona kuputsika. Uyo anopisa zvakanyanya anogona kuita brittle. Ihwindo rakamanikana.
Knockout uye Pashure
Mushure mekunge kukanda kwave kusimba uye kutonhora, iwe unosvika pakupwanya mold. Muitiro unogutsa, wechisimba—jeti dzemvura, kudedera, dzimwe nguva simba rakaipa. Goko rakagadzirwa zvakanaka rinofanira kubva muzvidimbu, kwete guruva. Kana yakashandurwa kuita upfu, inogona kunge yakapiswa zvishoma. Kana yakabatanidzwa kune simbi mumakwapa, ndiko kuita-kwakaipa shell zvinhu zvealloy.
Iro mukati megoko, iro rakabata simbi, rinotaura nyaya. Inofanira kunge yakati chechetere. Kana iwe ukaona yakakasharara, orenji-peel mameseji pane iyo cavity surface, iyo inoshandura yakananga kune yekukanda pamusoro. Kukasharara ikoko kunowanzobva kune yekutanga slurry jasi rakanyanya kukora kana yekutanga stucco isina kumira zvakanaka. Irekodhi rekodhi rekodhi yako yekutanga. Kukanganisa kwese kuri mukati me mold kunova chinhu chakanaka pakukanda. Hapana chekuvanza.
Apa ndipo panoonekwa mutengo chaiwo wekukanganisa kwe mold. Gomba riri pamusoro pekukanda rinogona kugaya. A mistun kubva goko rakatsemuka? Ndiko kurasikirwa zvachose, uye warasikirwa neukoshi hwese-hwakawedzerwa kubva patani yewakisi zvichienda mberi. Iyo mold inodyiwa, asi ndiyo yepamusoro-stakes inodyiwa mumaketani.
Kupfuura Chiyero: Zvinonetsa uye Kufona Kwekutonga
Hazvisi zvese zvinoumbwa zvakaenzana. Funga nezvechikamu chine yakadzika, yakamanikana chiteshi-semvura yekutonhodza ndiro yemagetsi. Kuwana slurry kuti ipfeke zvakaenzana mukati mezviteshi izvi pasina kuteya mweya inhamo. Ungangoda kushandisa vacuum-yakabatsira coating, kana kutotenderedza muti panguva yekunyura. Iyo drainage inonyengera; slurry inogona kudziva uye kugadzira makwapa akakora anokonzera goko kutsemuka gare gare.
Kana kuti cores. Dzimwe nguva unoda maburi emukati asingakwanisi kuumbwa newakisi chete. Iwe unoisa ceramic cores mune wax pateni usati wavhara. Ikozvino goko rako rinofanirwa kusungirirana kana kugashira musimboti uyu panguva yekupfura nekudurura. Iyo mutsauko wekupisa kwekuwedzera pakati pegoko uye yakakosha zvinhu ndeye nyowani nyowani. Kana vakasafamba pamwe chete, musimboti unogona kushandura kana kutsemuka, zvichiparadza iyo yemukati geometry. Iyi inzvimbo yepamusoro, uko mold inova chimiro chakaumbwa.
Ipapo kune mwero wakakwana. Ndakashanda kugadzira mold yezvikamu zvinopfuura mita kureba. Deko rechinhu chakakura rinofanirwa kutsigira huremu hwaro panguva yekubata. Kurongeka kwekunyudza, kuomesa, uye kufambisa idzi hofori, zvimiro zvisina kusimba ipurojekiti yeinjiniya pachayo. Iwe haugone kungotevera bhuku rekushandisa. Iwe unogadzira matipi - echinyakare racks, akasarudzika ekuomesa anotevedzana. Ndiko uko makore makumi matatu ekushanda, seizvo QSY inodudza, inoturikira kuita rudzi rwakadzika, rwekugadzirisa-dambudziko intuition. Iwe unodzidza kuti goko rakanaka rinonzwa sei pamhando dzakasiyana dzemapeteni. Imhizha yakaturikidzana pamusoro pesainzi.
Saka kana iwe ukatarisa chaiyo yekudyara kukanda, usangoona simbi. Ona mweya weganda receramic rakagadzira. Yese contour, pese pedenga kupera, madziro ese akatetepa chiratidzo chemhando uye kutonga kweaya akaturikidzana, akapiswa ceramic. akarasika zviumbwa zvinokanda wakisi. Ndivo uchapupu husina kuimbwa, hwakaparadzwa kumuitiro wose. Kuvagadzirisa haisi nhanho mukuita; ndiwo maitiro. Zvimwe zvese kugadzirira kana kuchenesa.
