Apo vanhu vazhinji vanonzwa 'zvikamu zvemuchina,' vanofananidzira mufananidzo weCAD kana chikamu chinopenya mubhuku. Ndiyo shanduro yakachena. Chokwadi, icho chinokuchengetedza usiku, chiri pamusoro pekuchinja kubva kune iyo yakakwana yedhijitari modhi kuenda kune yemuviri chikamu chinoshanda chiri pasi pemutoro, kupisa, uye kushushikana. Mukaha uripo pakati pekudhirowa uye chikamu chinoshanda ndiko kunogara indasitiri chaiyo-uye uko mari yakawanda inorasika pakufungidzira.
Illusion of Interchangeability
Imwe yekusanzwisisa kukuru ndeyekuti chikamu chingori seti yezviyero. Unogona kuva maviri muchina zvikamu kubva kune vakasiyana vatengesi vanoyera zvakafanana paCMM, asi imwe inokundikana mumavhiki uye imwe inogara kwemakore. Musiyano hausi mu geometry; iri mukuyerera kwezviyo zvekugadzira, kupisa kwekupisa curve, kana kusara kwekushushikana kubva mukugadzira. Ndakaona bhechi repombi shafts yaipfuura cheki yega yega asi yakanyunguduka nekuti macerts emidziyo aive akafitwa — simbi yacho yaive nekuoma kusiri iko. Kudhinda hakuna kutsanangura nzira yesimbi, chete kuoma kwekupedzisira. Icho chaive chidzidzo che $200k.
Apa ndipo apo iyo yekutanga uye machining kumashure inova isingagone kutaurirana. Iwe haugone kungoendesa kune yakachipa mutengi nemuchina weCNC. Nzira yacho chikamu chechigadzirwa. Somuenzaniso, pa Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), nemakumi matatu emakore ekukandira nekugadzira, vaizokuudza kuti goko rinokandira muviri wevharuvhu rinenge rakasiyana pamusoro pekuperera uye pedo-mambure chimiro zvichienzaniswa nekukandwa kwejecha, kunyangwe mugiredhi rimwechete resimbi isina tsvina. Izvo zvinokanganisa magadzirirwo aunoita anotevera CNC machining nhanho-yako maturusi nzira, ako ekusunga mapoinzi. Kana ukachigadzira kunge billet, uri kuunza kushushikana mupfungwa kwavakapedza makore makumi matatu vachidzidza kudzivirira.
Zvinokumanikidza kufunga uchidzokera shure. Iwe unotanga nekutadza mode. Kuneta here? Kupfeka? Corrosion? Ipapo iwe unoshanda uchidzokera kune zvinhu uye maitiro ekugadzira. Chikamu chemutsetse wekugadzira chikafu chakagadzirwa ne316L isina tsvina haingori yekushorwa nekuora; zviri zvekuti sei muchina zvikamu zvapera. Girazi regirazi rinogona kutaridzika zvakanaka, asi rinogadzira diki-madiki anochengeta mabhakitiriya? Dzimwe nguva inodzorwa, yunifomu roughness kubva chaiyo machining pass iri nani. Iyo spec sheet haikuudze izvozvo.
Material Maitirwo, Kwete Sarudzo
Kutora simbi isina tsvina kana nickel-based alloy kubva pane inodonha menyu ndiko kutanga kwehurukuro, kwete kupera. Tora Inconel 718. Fantastic properties. Asi kuti inokandwa sei maringe nemagadzirirwo ayo inogadzira akasiyana mamicrostructures akasiyana. Kana iwe uchiigadzira, mutsauko mukuomarara uye kuomarara kwemaitiro kunoparadza maturusi ako kana ukashandisa maparameter akafanana. Basa reQSY neaya akakosha alloys rinoratidza izvi - ivo vanofanirwa kugadzirisa yavo yese chain cheni zvichienderana nekuti iyo inouya stock iri kubva kuinvestment casting kana bhawa rakagadzirwa. Iyo post-casting kupisa kurapwa kwekunetseka kwekunetseka kwakakosha; svetuka, uye chikamu chacho chinoputika panguva yekupedzisira machining, kushandura chikamu chechokwadi kuita zvimedu.
Ndinoyeuka chirongwa che turbine seal ring. Iyo dhizaini inodaidzira cobalt-based alloy, Stellite 6, yakatsanangurwa yekunyanyisa kupfeka kuramba. Isu takatora vhezheni yakakandwa. Yainyatsoshanda—ichitaura, kupfeka maturusi kwakanga kuri kwenyeredzi. Dambudziko? Maitiro ekukanda akagadzira yakakura, yakaoma carbides mune brittle matrix. Mhinduro, iyo yatakasvika pairi mushure mekuedza kunorwadza uye kukanganisa, kwaive kuchinja kune poda metallurgy version ye alloy imwechete, iyo yakapa yakanakisa, yakawanda yunifomu carbide kugovera. Yaigadzira kuchenesa uye kuita zvirinani. Chidzidzo: zita remusanganiswa ingori resipi; nzira yekugadzira ndiyo nzira yekubika. Iwe unogona kuparadza recipe yakanaka nemaitiro akaipa.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero kubatana nemutengesi anodzora zvese kukanda uye CNC machining pasi pedenga remba hapana umbozha; inzira yekudzikisa njodzi. Kana machinist achigona kufamba achidzokera kuna maneja wevagadziri uye oti, Iri batch gummy, maturusi ari kurodha kumusoro, vanogona kuitsvaga ichidzokera kune tembiricha yekudurura kana chiyero chekutonhora. Iyo mhinduro loop haionekwe kune yakachena yekutengesa kambani kana chitoro chinongoita machining. Panzvimbo yakaita seQSY's, iyo yekubatanidza ndiyo chigadzirwa.
Kushivirira: Mutengo Wekukwana
Munhu wose anoda kushivirira kwakasimba. Inonzwa semhando. Asi kutsanangura ± 0.01mm kushivirira pamativi ese ekukanda kwakaoma inzira yakanaka yekuwedzera mutengo uye kunonoka chirongwa. Iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti kushivirira ndeyei. Ndeyekukodzera here? Zvebasa? Nokuda kwekuenzanisa? Kazhinji, imwe chete kana maviri akakosha interfaces anoda iyo chaiyo. Zvimwe zvacho zvinogona kuregedzeka zvakanyanya. Ndapedza maawa nemainjiniya tichipokana kushivirira pane zvisiri-kushanda, kuchengetedza mavhiki enguva yekugadzira uye mutengo wekushandisa.
Dambudziko chairo nderekutarisira kushivirira stacks munzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzira. Iwe unogona kunge uine imba inoumbwa nesimbi shell mold kubva Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), ine sleeve yesimbi isina tsvina-yakapinzwa mukati mayo. Iyo yekukanda shrinkage, iyo machining datum, iyo thermal yekuwedzera coefficients-zvese izvo zvinofanirwa kuenzanisirwa. Takambova neboka remagungano aikwira pakupisa kwekushanda. Panguva yekamuri tembiricha, kukwenenzverwa kwechinyorwa kwaive kwakakwana. Asi isu takatadza kuzvidavirira kune akasiyana ekukura kwemafuta ekukura kwesimbi yakakandwa nesimbi isina tsvina. Kugadzirisa kwanga kusiri kuomesa machining; yaive yakasiyana fit calculation inoenderana nekupisa kwesevhisi. Dhirowa dzaive dzechokwadi ku20°C, asi muchina wacho waisashanda pa20°C.
Apa ndipo pane makore anopfuura makumi matatu echiitiko chisiri mutsara wekushambadzira. Iraibhurari yeizvi zvinopisa uye zvemuchina kudyidzana. Chitoro chitsva chinogona kuroverera kamuri-tembiricha yekuongorora uye ichiri kuunza chikamu chinotadza. Mumwe ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira achabvunza kuti, Ikoku kuchashandiswa kupi? Chii chinonzi ambient tembiricha? Inotenderedzwa nemhepo inopisa here? vasati vatomboronga CNC.
Kukundikana seChinotengeswa
Iwe unodzidza zvakawanda kubva kune chikamu chakatsemuka pane kubva kune chakashanda. Muedzo unoparadza hausi weR&D chete; inofanira kunge iri chikamu chekukodzera kwezvikamu zvakakosha. Takaisa mutemo we-high-stress muchina zvikamu: chinyorwa chekutanga chekuongorora chinosanganisira kucheka imwe kumusoro. Tarisa kunzwika kwemukati kwekukanda, kuyera kudzika kwekesi yekurapa kwekupisa, tsvaga voids kana inclusions. Inodhura, asi yakachipa pane kurangarira kumunda.
Imwe nyaya yaisanganisira mamwe mabhuraketi esimbi emutakuri weheavy-duty. Vakapasa ongororo dzese dzepamusoro uye kuyedzwa kwekutakura. Asi panguva yekucheka-cheka-up, takawana shrinkage porosity inenge 2mm pasi pepamusoro munzvimbo yepamusoro-soro. Pasi pe cyclic kurodha, iyo ingadai iri yekuneta crack nucleation point. Iyo yekutanga, mune iyi kesi, yakagadzirisa yavo gating uye riser dhizaini yeiyo chaiyo chikamu geometry. Iyo yekugadzirisa yaive muforoma, kwete machining. Kana iwe ukangoongorora yekupedzisira yakashongedzwa pamusoro, unopotsa nyaya iri kuitika pazasi.
Kuchinja kwemafungiro uku-kubva pakuongorora kutevedzana kusvika pakuongorora kunzwisisa-kwakakosha. Inoshandura dhipatimendi rekutonga kwemhando kubva kumuchengeti wegedhi kuita sosi yehungwaru hwemaitiro. Inovakawo hukama hwakasiyana nemutengesi. Paunenge uchigona kuita hurukuro yehunyanzvi nezve eutectic cell count mucast iron kana iyo sigma phase embrittlement mumastainless welds, unosimuka kubva kumutengi wekutengesa uchienda kune mumwe wako. Suppliers like the behind tsngtaocnc.com kuita zvakasiyana kana vakuona uri kutarisa mamwe matambudziko akakosha avari.
The Good Enough Threshold
Chekupedzisira, chidimbu chakahwina chehuchenjeri: hachisi chikamu chese chinoda kuve nyanzvi. Kutsvaga kwekukwana kunogona kuve muvengi wekushanda uye purofiti. Pane chikumbaridzo chakanaka chinotsanangurwa nekushandisa. Bhaketi rakabata chivharo chisiri-yakakosha chevhavha haidi aerospace-giredhi billet aluminium ine anodizing. Iyo inopisa-yakakungurutswa simbi ndiro, laser-yakatemwa uye deburred, ichaita basa re 1/10th mutengo. Hunyanzvi huri pakuziva nemazvo chikumbaridzo ichocho.
Apa ndipo panobhadhara ruzivo rwakakura pazvinhu zvese nemaitiro. Kuziva kuti kune imwe nharaunda inoora, yakanyatso itwa ganda mold kukanda mune yakajairwa CF8M stainless inogona kuita pamwe neinodhura zvakanyanya super duplex alloy, kana dhizaini iri kwayo. Kana kuti yekupfeka, dzimwe nguva kuwedzera simbi yakapfava, inotsiviwa yakaomeswa zvine hungwaru pane kugadzira chikamu chese che monolithic kubva mumutengo unodhura usingapfekere alloy. Zviri pamusoro pekugadzira sisitimu, kwete chete chikamu.
Pakupedzisira, muchina zvikamu iratidzirwo yokunyama yezvisarudzo zvine chiuru—zvinhu, muitiro, kushivirira, kupedza, kuongorora. The blueprint ingori kazevezeve kekutanga. Kudzvova kunobva pauriri hwehwaro uye muchitoro chemuchina, uko ruzivo, kazhinji rwakadzidzwa kubva mukukundikana kwekare, runoshandura zvakatemwa kuita chimwe chinhu chinongoshanda. Izvo zvishoma nezve dhizaini yemunhu uye zvimwe nezve yakasimba, inodzokororwa kuuraya mukati metani yemaitiro akabatanidzwa. Ndizvo zvauri kutenga chaizvo.
