Kana vanhu vazhinji vakanzwa 'kugadzirwa kwesimbi', vanofungidzira mukomana achibatanidza zvidimbu zviviri zvesimbi pamwechete. Ndizvo zvimwe zvacho, chokwadi, asi zvakafanana nokuti kubika kunongomutsa poto. Iyo chaiyo nyaya inotanga nzira isati yabhururuka, nesarudzo yezvinhu uye nzira yekuigadzira. Ndakaona mapurojekiti akawandisa achisungirirwa nekuti mumwe munhu akatsanangura 'simbi' yegeneric padhirowa yechikamu chaida kumira munyu nguva dzose, kana kuraira yakaoma geometry kuburikidza nenzira isiriyo yekuumba, kuridza bhajeti. Kugadzirwa kunongova chiito chekupedzisira; mutambo wakanyorwa mu foundry uye muchina shopu.
Nheyo: Inotanga neCast
Unokona kugadzira zvausina. Basa redu rakawanda rinotanga nekukandwa kwakashata. Apa ndipo apo makambani ane ruzivo rwakadzama rwezvinhu, seQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), vanova vadyidzani vakakosha. Vanga vari mumutambo wekukanda uye kugadzira kweanopfuura makore makumi matatu, zvinoreva kuti vaona zvinoshanda nezvisingakundike. Pavanotaura nezvazvo shell mold casting nokuda kwepamusoro pepamusoro pekupedzisira pane pombi yekugara kana Investment casting nokuda kweiyo turbine blade yakaoma ine migero yemukati, iwe unoteerera. Haisi nyaya yekutengesa chete; zvinobva pamakumi emakore ekudira simbi.
Iyo material spec ndeimwe minefield. Stainless simbi haisi chinhu chimwe chete. Ndiyo 304 ye general corrosion resistance, kana 316 yema chlorides? Kana kuti tiri kutaura nezve nickel-based alloy ye-high-heat application? Ini ndinoyeuka basa remutengi wekugadzira makemikari kwatakatanga kushandisa yakajairwa 304 yekugadzira isina tsvina. Yakapasa bvunzo dzese dzekutanga, asi mukati memwedzi mitanhatu tiri mumunda, takatanga kuona kushushikana kwecorrosion kuchitsemuka pamajoini e weld. Mamiriro acho aive netrace chlorides isu tisina kuverenga. Taifanira kugadzirazve gungano rose tichishandisa 316L. Chikanganiso ichocho chaive chidzidzo chehutsinye musainzi yekubatika kuti haigone kutaurirana. Chiitiko cheQSY chine alloys akakosha senge cobalt uye nickel-based iwo chiratidzo chavanonzwisisa idzi nzvimbo dzepamusoro-soro.
Kuwana kukanda chaiko i70% yehondo. Kukandwa kwegedhi rakashata nekuderera kwemukati kana kusawirirana kwemadziro ukobvu kunoshandura kunotevera kugadzirwa kwesimbi maitiro kuita hope dzinotyisa dzehondo panguva yewelding kana zvisingaite machining tolerances. Shamwari yakanaka yekuvamba inopa iri padyo-net-shape chikamu icho chinonyatso gadzirwa.
CNC Machining: Iyo Precision Interlude
Zvino, kukanda kwasvika. Kashoma kugadzirira bhaudhi. Apa ndipo panopinda CNC machining kugadzirwa kwesimbi workflow. Kuchera mabhoti mapatani, kutarisana nekukwira kumusoro, kugadzira zvisimbiso grooves - iri ibasa chairo rinotsanangura kuti gungano rekupedzisira rinokwana sei. QSY inobatanidza izvi, iri mukana wakakura. Zvinoreva kuti timu imwechete inonzwisisa chimiro chezviyo zvekukanda uye zvingangoitika zvekushushikana zviri kuitawo machining. Ivo vanoziva pekudzivisa kutora kucheka kwakanyanya pamadziro akatetepa, kana maitiro ekugadzirisa akasarudzika-akaumbwa ekudyara kukanda pasina kukanganisika.
Ndakadzidza nenzira yakaoma kuti kupatsanura kukanda uye kugadzira vatengesi kunogona kutungamira kumutambo wekupomera. Machinist anoti kukanda kwakapfava kana kufamba, mugadziri anoti machinist ari kushandisa masipidhi / mafeed asiri iwo. Kuve nayo pasi pedenga remba, sepanzvimbo yavo (unogona kuona maitiro avo pa https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), zvinobvisa izvozvo. Iyo yemhinduro loop inokurumidza. Kana chishandiso chiri kutaura pane chaiyo alloy batch, vanogona kugadzirisa machining paramita kana kutomboisa mureza kuti idzokere kune yekunyungudika. Kubatana uku chinhu chaunongofarira mushure mekubata neimwe nzira.
Chinangwa chekugadzira mukugadzira prep hachisi chekurova zviyero pane zvakadhindwa. Iko kugadzira mareferenzi uye maficha anozobvumira mugadziri kuunganidza zvinhu zvinofanofungidzira. Chiuru chechikanganiso cheinch pamukwiridzi wegumbo wakagadzirwa unogona kuturikira kuita kota-inch misalignment paunenge uchiedza kubatanidza furemu hombe.
The Fabrication Floor: Ipo Theory Inosangana neTorch
Ichi ndicho chikamu chine tsvina, chine ruzha, uye chine mbiri. Une machina ako akakandwa, ndiro yako yakachekwa, yako bar stock. Zvino zvose zvinofanira kuuya pamwe chete. Welding a nickel-based alloy imhuka yakasiyana kubva kune welding mild steel. Kupinza kupisa, tembiricha yeinterpass, simbi yekuzadza - iresipi. Ita zvisizvo, uye unowedzera carbides munzvimbo yakakanganiswa nekupisa, zvichiita kuti iite brittle. Pane imwe nguva taifanira kubatanidza ruoko rwecobalt alloy muimba yesimbi. The differential thermal kuwedzera chete kwaiva musoro. Pre-heat, chaiyo weld sequence, controlled cool-down... it was more like a chemistry experiment.
Jigging nekugadzirisa ndiwo magamba asina kutaurwa. Kudzokorora basa rekugadzira, nguva yakashandiswa kuvaka jig yakasimba, inogadziriswa inobhadhara pachayo kagumi. Asi kune imwechete-offs kana prototypes, iwe unowanzo kuvandudza nema clamp, magineti, uye temporary tack welds. Huno hwuno hwunoziva kana tack yenguva pfupi ichaunza kushushikana kwakaringana kudhonzesa gungano rese kubva pachikwere. Dzimwe nguva unofanira kuirega ichifamba, wobva waigadzirisa, pane kuirwisa kuti uzviise pasi.
Distortion control. Ndiyo hondo yenguva dzose. Uri kuisa kupisa kwakanyanya, kwenzvimbo yekubatanidza simbi, uye vanoda kufamba. Kutevedzana kwewelds kwakakosha. Pane danda refu rine ma stiffeners akawanda, unogona kusona weld mune chaiyo pateni, uchisvetuka kubva kune rimwe divi kuenda kune rimwe divi, kuenzanisa kudhonza. Dzimwe nguva iwe unotofanokotama zvikamu zvakatarisana, uchitarisira weld kudhonza. Haisi sainzi chaiyo; kunzwa uye ruzivo.
Hunhu: Matanho Asingaoneki
Kugadzirwa hakuitwe kana weld bead yekupedzisira yaiswa. Ndipo panotanga kuongorora. Kuongorora kwekuona kutanga-kutsvaga kutsemuka, undercut, porosity. Wozouya miedzo isingaparadzi. Dhayi inopinza yekukanganisa kwepamusoro pane izvo zvakakosha Stainless kana alloy welds. Pamwe ultrasonic kuyedzwa kwekuremara kwemukati pane dzakakora zvikamu. Nezvekumanikidza-ine magadzirirwo, hydrostatic kuyedzwa kunofanirwa.
Asi imwe yeanonyanya kukosha, uye anowanzo furatirwa, nhanho ndeye post-weld kupisa kurapwa (PWHT). Kune akawanda alloy simbi uye kunyanya kune inorema-chikamu machira, PWHT yakakosha kudzoreredza kushushikana kwasara kukiyiwa mukati kubva kune welding. Iyo inguva uye inopedza simba maitiro-kunamira gungano rose muhovhoni huru uye kuiunza kune imwe tembiricha chaiyo kwenguva yakati. Kuri kuyedza kuisvetuka kuti isangane nenguva yakatarwa, asi ini ndaona mhedzisiro: hombe yakagadzirwa baseplate yecompressor yakatsemuka zvinonzwika mwedzi gare gare ichangogara muyadhi, kungobva mukushushikana kwemukati kuyedza kuenzana.
Zvinyorwa chikamu chemhando zvakare. Rekodhi chaiyo yekugadzira, ine zvinhu certs, weld maitiro ekutsanangurwa (WPS) anoshandiswa, kupisa kupisa machati, uye yekuongorora mishumo, ndiyo inoshandura murwi wesimbi kuita chinoteedzera, chakavimbika chikamu. Apa ndipo parikudyidzana neano vertical integrated provider kunoratidza kukosha kwayo zvakare. Iwo macerts ezvinyorwa kubva mukukanda, machining mishumo, uye marekodhi ekugadzira zvese zvinogona kuve chikamu chepakeji inowirirana.
The Integrated Advantage
Saka, kutenderera kumashure. Chokwadi kugadzirwa kwesimbi hakusi kutengeserana kwega. Ndiwo magumo echeni: kusarudzwa kwezvinhu, kuumba (sekukanda), kunyatsogadzira machining, uye pakupedzisira, kujoinha nekupedzisa. Kana aya matanho akavharirwa, unorasikirwa neruzivo. Mugadziri haazive kuti nei imwe nzvimbo yekukanda yakaoma, iyo machinist haanzwisise iyo weld kutevedzana kunozotevera.
Ndosaka modhi yekambani yakaita seQSY ichinakidza. Kushanda kweanopfuura makore makumi matatu mukukandira uye kugadzira kunovapa kunzwisisa kwekutanga kwemaitiro echinyorwa kubva kumamiriro ayo emvura zvichienda mberi. Pavanenge vapinda kana kupa zvinhu zvekugadzira, vari kuunza iyo nhoroondo yese patafura. Havasi kungotengesa simbi yekukandira kana bhuroko rakagadzirwa nemichina; vari kutengesa chikamu chine hunhu hunozivikanwa, maitiro anofanotaurwa pasi petochi, uye njodzi yakaderedzwa yezvinoshamisa zvepasi.
Kune injinjini kana maneja weprojekiti, kubatanidzwa uku chishandiso chekudzikisa njodzi. Inorerutsa ketani yekugovera, inosimbisa iyo loop yemhinduro yekugadzirisa matambudziko, uye inovaka mumhando yekutarisa pane mamwe matanho. Chinangwa chekupedzisira chekugadzira hachisi kungoita chimwe chinhu chinoita senge kudhirowa. Iko kuita chimwe chinhu chinoshanda, chakavimbika, pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Uye kuita ikoko kunogadzirwa kare kusati kwaitwa weld yekupedzisira.
