Paunonzwa 'metal injection molding materials', pfungwa dzakawanda dzinosvetuka dzakananga kuhupfu hwesimbi. Ndicho chiito chemusoro wenyaya, chokwadi. Asi kana iwe wakapedza chero nguva pachitoro pasi, iwe unoziva nyaya chaiyo inotanga neiyo binder system uye inopera nemhepo yevira. Ndiyo cocktail yese yakakosha, kwete mweya chete. Ndakaona mapurojekiti akawanda achimira nekuti mumwe munhu akatora yakanaka, spherical 17-4PH hupfu asi akaibatanidza negeneric wax-polymer binder isingakwanise kubata geometry yechikamu, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kukuru panguva yekubvisa. Zvinhu hazvisi simbi chete; ndiyo feedstock. Ndicho chekutanga, uye kazhinji chinodhura, chidzidzo.
Iyo Feedstock Equation: Huzhinji Hunyanzvi Kupfuura Sainzi
Kuwana iyo feedstock chaiyo inonzwa senge alchemy dzimwe nguva. Chiyero chakakodzera chekutakura hupfu-iyo huwandu muzana yehupfu hwesimbi mubhainda-kufamba kwetambo. Isundire kumusoro zvakanyanya kune chikamu chakaoma, uye unorasikirwa nekuyerera chaiko uko MIM yakakosherwa. Muchina wekuumba jekiseni unonetsekana, unowana mitsetse yeweld, voids. Yakanyanya kuderera, uye chikamu chinodzikira zvisingatarisike panguva yekunyura, ichiguma kunze kweiyo spec. Kune chikamu chekupfeka-chapamusoro isu takambomhanya, tichishandisa yakanaka, gasi-atomized 316L poda, taifanira kudhaira kurodha pasi zvishoma kubva pakurudziro yebhuku. Sei? Chikamu chacho chaive nechidimbu chinosekesa chakatetepa chakatarisana nenzvimbo yakakora. Standard loading yakakonzera sink marks. Isu takakanganisa pane yakaderera density kuti tive nechokwadi chekuzadza, tobva tagadzirisa iyo sintering mbiri kuti tipe. Yakashanda, asi yakanga isiri mune chero bhuku rekushandisa.
Apa ndipo panodzikisirwa basa remubhaindi. Haisi chete glue yenguva pfupi. Kuora kwayo kinetics panguva yekupisa kana kunyungudika kusungirirwa kunofanirwa kuwiriraniswa zvakakwana nekurongedza kwehupfu. Kusawirirana pano, uye unobva wazvimba, kutsemuka, kana 'chikamu chegirinhi' chadonha. Ini ndinorangarira batch apo mutengesi webhainda akachinja chinogadzirisa pasina chiziviso. Mativi acho aitaridzika zvakanaka kubva muforoma, asi muhovhoni yedebind, ainyura kunge mukanyiwa waneta. Kurasikirwa zvachose. Hupfu hwakanga hwakafanana, mataurirwo esimbi haana kuchinja. Iko kukundikana kwaive mune 'diki' chikamu chebhainda system.
Uye ngatitaure nezvehupfu maitiro. Sphericity uye particle size distribution (PSD) ndizvo zvese. Iyo yakatetepa PSD inogona kupa yakakura kurongedza dzidziso, asi yakanyatso kudzorwa, kupararira zvishoma kugovera kunowanzo kuyerera zvirinani mukuita uye siers zvakanyanya kuvimbika. Kune cobalt-chrome yekurapa yekumisikidza feedstock, takarwisa porosity nyaya kudzamara tasanganisa maviri akasiyana poda mijenya kuti tiwane chaiyo PSD curve. Iwo mapepa emujenya wega wega aive 'anogamuchirwa', asi mashiripiti aive mumusanganiswa. Iwe haudzidze izvozvo kubva pane dhetabheti; unozvidzidza kubva kune akaraswa mabhechi.
Sintering: Panonyatsoita Nyaya yacho
Iyi ndiyo pfungwa yekusadzoka. Iwe wakaumba uye wakasungirira imwe isina kusimba 'yebrown chikamu'. Zvino, muchoto chinopisa, zvimedu zvesimbi zvinosanganiswa uye zvinhu zvechokwadi zvinobuda. Apa ndipo apo sarudzo yako yechigadziko — simbi isina tsvina, simbi yekushandisa, yakakosha alloy — inotarisana nekuyedzwa kwayo nemoto. Atmosphere control ndiye mambo. Kamhepo keokisijeni kadiki diki kanobvinza mumhepo yehydrogen-nitrogen kana uchinyudza simbi ine chromium yakaita se17-4PH inogona kuderedza kabhoni yepasi uye kuparadza kusaita ngura. Takadzidza kumhanyisa zvidimbu zvedummy pamberi pebatch yega yega yakakosha 'kuyedza' mamiriro echoto, inishuwarenzi yakachipa.
Iyo sintering cycle pachayo ndeye zvinhu-zvakananga resipi. Ramp mareti, kubata tembiricha, kutonhora kumhanya - iwo ese anoraira yekupedzisira microstructure. Kune purojekiti inoda yakapfava magineti alloy (seFe-50% Ni), mwero wekutonhodza kubva kune sintering tembiricha wakakosha kukudziridza yaidiwa magineti. Kukurumidza, uye takapotsa hwindo renzvimbo. Zvakatora matatu echoto anomhanya ane akajeka kutonhora tweaks kurova iyo spec. Iyo 'zvinhu' pane yekutenga odha yaingova Fe-50Ni. Izvo zvinoshanda zvakagadzirwa muchoto ichocho.
Shrinkage ndiyo imwe shanduko yakakura, yakasungirirwa zvakananga kune feedstock. Isu tinovavarira isotropic shrinkage, asi haina kumbobvira yakanyatso yunifomu. Kune chaiyo giya chikamu, isu taifanira kugadzira iyo mold mhango zvichibva pane empirical shrinkage factor yatakagadzira iyo chaiyo 4140 alloy feedstock, kwete generic yemutengesi 15-18%. Chinhu chedu chaive 16.7% ± 0.3% mundege yakakosha. Icho chaicho chakabva pakuyera mazana ezvikamu zvakasimwa uye kubatanidza kumashure. Ndirwo rudzi rweruzivo rwenyama runogara mubhuku remukati rekambani.
Sei Alloys SeCobalt uye Nickel Shandura Mutambo
Kufamba kubva kune zvakajairwa Stainless simbi kuenda munzvimbo dzakadai cobalt-based alloys kana nickel-based alloys nokuti MIM idanho-shanduko mukuoma uye mutengo. Aya haasi chete 'fancier simbi'. Mahwindo avo anopenya anogona kunge akamanikana zvisingaite. Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy yekushandisa biomedical inogona kunyura mukati me20-degree Celsius hwindo kuti iwane kuzara kwakazara pasina kukura kwezviyo. Zvipotsa, uye iwe unowana kana yasara porosity kana embrittlement.
Kubviswa kwebinder kune aya epamusoro-kuita alloys kune zvakare trickier. Hupfu hwadzo hunowanzo wedzera kuita, saka zvinokonzeresa debinding (uchishandisa nitric acid vapor, semuenzaniso) zvinogona kufarirwa pane zvinononoka nzira dzekupisa kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwepasi. Izvi zvinowedzera kuoma kwemaitiro uye mutengo. Asi mubhadharo zvikamu zvine zvivakwa zviri pedyo neyakagadzirwa-funga nezve jet injini yemafuta injector swirlers yakagadzirwa kuburikidza neMIM kubva kune nickel superalloy. Iko kukosha kuri mu-net-shape kuoma, kwete chete mari yezvinhu.
Iyi inzvimbo iyo yakadzama yekuwana uye machining ruzivo inove yakakosha. Kambani ine nhoroondo refu mukudyara kwekudyara uye machining yakakosha alloys, senge Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), inounza maonero akasiyana kuMIM. Vanga vachibata nesimbi ye special alloys kwemakumi emakore kuburikidza negomba ravo uye kuita mari yekukanda mabasa. Ruzivo rwakadzama rwemabatiro anoita simbi idzi pasi pekupisa, mabatiro aanoita nemhepo, uye kuti anogona kupedzwa sei chinhu chikuru kana uchipinda mukuaumba. Ivo vanonzwisisa kuti iyo post-sintering nyika ingori yekutanga isina chinhu kune akawanda zvikamu, izvo zvinozoda chaizvo CNC machining kusangana nekupedzisira kushivirira pazvinhu zvakakosha. Iyo MIM maitiro uye kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirirwa neiyo inotevera machining nhanho mupfungwa.
Iyo Machining Link: MIM Haireve Nguva Dzose 'Yapera'
Imwe pfungwa isiriyo ndeyekuti zvikamu zveMIM zvinobuda muchoto zvakagadzirira kushandisa. Kune vakawanda, hongu. Asi kune yakakwirira-chaiyo maapplication, sintering inoteverwa neyechipiri mashandiro. Izvi zvakakosha pakusarudza zvinhu. Iwe unogona kusarudza pre-yakaomeswa giredhi, kana iyo inozopiswa-inorapwa mushure mekupisa. Asi iwe zvakare unofanirwa kufunga nezve machinability. A sintered MIM chikamu chine yakanaka, yunifomu microstructure, asi hazvisi nguva dzose kurota muchina. Inogona kuva abrasive.
Taive nekesi ine 440C Stainless simbi MIM chikamu chaida gomba rakagochwa. Chikamu chacho chakanga chakazara uye chakaoma mushure mekupisa. Kuibaya chaiko kwaive kutsenga midziyo. Isu taifanira kugadzirisa sintering kutenderera kuti tiisiye iri mune yakapfava zvishoma kune machining, tobva tawedzera yaitevera kuomesa kupisa kubata. Iyo 'zvinhu' maitiro aive akadai: feedstock kuumbwa -> kuumba -> debinding -> sintering (yakapfava) -> CNC machining -> kupisa kupisa -> yekupedzisira chigadzirwa. Rwendo rwezvinhu rwakanga rwusina kupera mushure mechoto.
Aya maonero akabatanidzwa akakosha. Ndosaka vamwe vevatambi vakanyanya kubudirira vasiri zvitoro zveMIM zvakachena. Ivo vakasanganiswa vagadziri, seQSY, vanosanganisa maitiro. Vanogona kutarisa kudhirowa kune yakaoma, yakakwirira-alloy chikamu uye kutonga kana Investment casting, MIM, kana nzira yakasanganiswa yakanyatsoenderana nejometri, zvinhu, uye vhoriyamu. Makore avo makumi matatu ekukandira uye machining anoreva kuti vanosarudza MIM zvinhu nekunzwisisa kuzere kweketani yekugadzira yese, kwete kungoumba uye nhanho dzekupinza. Vanoziva kuti mutengo chaiwo wechinhu unosanganisira maitiro ayo mukushanda kwese kunotevera.
Kukundikana uye Zvidzidzo Zvavanonyora
Iwe haudzidze zvinhu kubva mukubudirira. Iwe unodzidza kubva kumabhini ezvimedu. Pakutanga, takaedza kumhanyisa yakaderera-alloy simbi feedstock yakaitirwa zvikamu zvemotokari. Miti yacho yakamira zvakanaka, yaitaridzika zvakanaka. Asi mukuyedza kupfapfaidza munyu, vakaita ngura mumaawa, ukuwo chikamu chakagadzirwa chegiredhi chimwe chaitora mavhiki. Mupari wemhosva? Kurasikirwa neCarbon panguva yekunyura nekuda kwemhepo isina kunyatso kurongedzerwa iyo chaiyo hupfu hwepamusoro chemistry. Iyo 'giredhi' yezvinyorwa yaive yechokwadi, asi maitiro akange achinja maitiro ayo anoshanda. Isu taifanira kushandura kune poda yakagadzirwa neMIM, ine imwe nzvimbo yepasi passivation, uye kuomesa muchoto protocol. Iyo spec sheet yakanga isingabatsiri kana isu tisina kudzora maitiro akagadzira yekupedzisira zvinhu.
Imwe nguva, takaongorora tichishandisa MIM-inokwanisa tungsten inorema alloy. Density yacho yainakidza, asi feedstock yaizivikanwa yakaoma kuumba nguva dzose. Takapedza mwedzi pane gedhi uye mumhanyi dhizaini, mold tembiricha, jekiseni paramita. Takawana zvikamu zvinoshanda, asi goho racho harina kumbobvira rabudirira mune zvehupfumi pahuwandu. Takazvichengeta. Izvo zvinhu zvaivimbisa pabepa, asi izvo zvinoshanda zvekuzvishandura kubva ku feedstock kuenda kune yakavimbika chikamu zvakauraya chirongwa. Ndiko kutonga kwakakosha kwaunoita chete nekuedza nekutadza.
Saka pandinofunga nezvazvo simbi jekiseni kuumba zvinhu ikozvino, Handisi chete kuona mazita alloys. Ini ndinoona kutenderera kwesarudzo: chimiro cheupfu uye saizi, binder chemistry, poda kurodha, debind nzira, muchoto mamiriro ekunze, inogona kupisa kurapwa, uye inodiwa yechipiri machining. Nyaya yacho iketani yese iyi. Icho chimiro-chakatsanangurwa. Kuigadzirisa kunoreva kuremekedza chinongedzo chega chega, uye ruzivo irworwo harutengwe - rwunovakwa chikamu nechikamu, kukundikana nekutadza, nekufamba kwemakore. Ndiwo mutsauko pakati pekuraira hupfu uye engineering chikamu.
