Paunonzwa 'metal jekiseni rekuumba zvikamu', mufananidzo wepakarepo kazhinji izvi zvakakwana, zvidiki, zvakaomarara zvikamu, zvinenge semashiripiti. Chokwadi, kubva kwandakamira kwemakore, chakashata. Haisi kungotsikirira simbi upfu uye binder muforoma uye kuridaidza zuva. Dambudziko rechokwadi rinotanga mushure mekunge chikamu chegirini chabuda - debinding uye sintering kutenderera ndiko kwaunoparadzanisa zvitoro zvinozviwana kubva kune izvo zvinongozvitengesa. Vatengi vazhinji vanouya vachifunga kuti MIM ingori yakachipa machining kana yakananga shanduko yekudyara mari, uye ndiyo nzira yekukurumidza kune yakundikana prototype kana batch yezvikamu zvinotenderera kupfuura kuzivikanwa.
The Material Dhanzi: Haisi Chete Simbi
Iwe haugone kutaura nezveMIM usina kudzika mukati meiyo feedstock. Haisi nhumbi. A 17-4PH Stainless feedstock kubva kune mumwe mutengesi sinter zvakasiyana pane zvemumwe, kunyangwe iyo spec sheet ichitaura zvakafanana. Iyo particle size kugovera, iyo binder kuumbwa-izvo zvese zvinoraira kupera kwekupedzisira. Isu takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma pakutanga, kushandura vatengesi vekudya kune chimwe chinhu chemudziyo wemazino kuchengetedza mutengo. Musiyano we shrinkage wakapfura kusvika ± 0.5% kubva kune yedu yakajairika yakadzora ± 0.3%, zvichikonzera hope mugungano. Yaifanira kubvisa batch yese. Ikozvino, isu tinonamatira neyakasimbiswa feedstocks uye tinobata iyo formula sechikamu cheiyo IP yechikamu.
Apa ndipo apo kuva nemashure mune yakakura metallurgy kunobhadhara. Panzvimbo yakadai Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), nemakumi emakore ekuumbwa kwegoko uye kuisa mari kune alloys akakosha, kunzwisiswa kwemaitiro esimbi pasi pekupisa kwakakosha. Zivo iyoyo inotamisa. Kana tikatarisa nickel-based alloy part yeMIM, hatisi kungofunga nezvekuzadza mold; isu tave kutotevedzera mupfungwa mhepo yekupisa yevira uye kutonhora kutenderera kudzivirira kunaya kwecarbide. Iyo yakasiyana maitiro, asi zvinhu zvesainzi nheyo ihama.
Uye alloys anokosha? Ndiyo imwe nhanho. Cobalt-chrome yezvishandiso zvekuvhiya, tungsten-inorema alloys yezviyero-aya haasi ako akajairwa Stainless simbi. Iko kusungirirwa kunofanirwa kunonoka zvakanyanya kudzivirira kutsemuka, uye tembiricha yekupisa iri padenga. Iyo yekubira mari yega inosefa kunze vatambi vazhinji. Iwe haugone kunyepera danho iri; chikamu chacho chinobuda chine density chaiyo uye zvivakwa, kana iri bundu rinodhura kwazvo resimbi inoputika.
Kojima Productions GDC: Kuomarara Isn't Free
Iyo yekutengesa pitch inogara isingaverengeki yakaoma. Zvakanaka, kwete unlimited. Undercuts? Zvinogoneka, asi ivo vanoomesera maturusi uye zvinogona kutungamira kune ejection nyaya neiyo isina kusimba yegirinhi chikamu. Ndinoyeuka chikamu chegiya chine mukati helical spline. Zvaitaridzika zvakanaka pascreen. Muchokwadi, pini yepakati kugadzira iyo spline yaive yakatetepa zvekuti yaisakwanisa kumirisana nekudzvanywa kwejekiseni pasina kutsauka, zvichikonzera kusaenderana kwemadziro ukobvu. Taifanira kudzoka, kukora pini, uye tozogadzira iyo spline post-sintering. Yakawedzera nhanho, yakauraya mutengo wekubatsira kwechinhu ichocho.
Kufanana kwemadziro ndiro gamba risingaimbidzwe. Chikamu chinoshanduka kubva pamadziro e2mm kuenda kumadziro e10mm chiri kukumbira dambudziko-kusiyana kwekushushikana kunozoimisa. Isu tinopedza nguva yakawanda muDFM (Design for Manufacturability) ongororo inogutsa mainjiniya kuti vawedzere radii, kudzivirira shanduko dzakapinza, pane chero chimwe chikamu. Hazvisi zvekuita kuti chikamu chive nyore; ndezvekuita kuti zvirarame kuburikidza nekuita. Mudiwa akanaka haangoti hungu kune chero mufananidzo; ivo vanosundidzira kumashure neyakapisa simulation data.
Uye ipapo pane kushivirira. Kubata ± 0.05 mm pane yakaoma bore mushure mekuita sintering inogoneka, asi haina kupihwa. Inoda kuvharika-pasi maitiro: inowirirana feedstock, yakakwana mold cavity kupfeka manejimendi, uye choto chinopisa chine nzvimbo inopisa inopisa. Kazhinji tinoronga mwenje CNC machining kushanda pane chaiyo datum yezvikamu zvakaita sezvigaro zvevharuvhu kana mapini ekubatanidza. Kuedza kuzadzisa izvo kuburikidza neMIM sintering zvinogoneka, asi mwero wegoho unogona kuita kuti zvirambidze. Chiyero.
Sintering: The Make-or-Break Hour
Uyu ndiwo moyo wezvose. Choto ndicho umambo. Iwe unogona kuve neyakasvibira chikamu chakakwana, asi kana yako sintering mbiri yadzimwa, imarara. Ramp rates, nguva dzekubatirira dzekuvhara, tembiricha yepamusoro, mhepo (hydrogen, argon, vacuum) -mutsindo wega wega ibundo rinogadzirisa zviyero zvekupedzisira, kusimba kwesimba, uye kusagadzikana kwekuora. Kune chikamu chepamusoro-vhoriyamu, kugadzira iyi mbiri inogona kutora mwedzi yeDOE (Dzaini Yezviedzo).
Takambomhanyisa batch ye316L mabhuraketi asina tsvina. Choto chaive ne thermocouple drift yatisina kubata nekukasika. Tembiricha chaiyo yaive inenge 25°C yakaderera pane chiratidziro. Zvikamu zvakabuda zvichitaridzika zvakanaka, asi density yaive ingangoita 92% yetioretical, kwete iyo inodiwa 96% +. Vakafoira bvunzo yekupfapfaidza munyu mumazuva. Chidzidzo chacho? Calibration uye gadziriso yemutsetse we sintering haugone kutaurirana, uye iwe unofanirwa kuyedza zvinoparadza density uye microstructure kubva kwakasiyana mitoro yevira nguva dzose. Ishuwarenzi.
Distortion control ndechimwe chitema. Fixturing, kana sintering setters, inowanzoshandiswa. Asi iwe unofanirwa kuzvigadzira kuti zvirege kunamatira kune chikamu, uye ivo pachavo havafanire kuchinjika pakupisa. Kwezvikamu zvirefu, zvitete, dzimwe nguva unozvinyudza zvakaturika. Zvinonzwika zviri nyore, asi kuwana iyo kumiswa kwayo kuti irege kuchera mukati yakapfava, sintering chikamu hunyanzvi hwekuita aunodzidza kubva kumitoro yakaparara.
Iko MIM Inokodzera muChaiyo Kugadzira Ecosystem
MIM hachisi chitsuwa chakazvimirira. Icho chinongedzo mumaketani. Ini ndinoona nzvimbo yayo inotapira seyakakwira-vhoriyamu (funga 10k + zvidimbu pagore), yakaoma-yakaumbwa zvikamu zvingave kuuraya muchina kubva kune yakasimba kana inoda akawanda magungano matanho. Funga midziyo yepfuti, mabhuraketi e orthodontic, zvidimbu zvekuvhiya, magiya madiki ekutyaira chaiko. Zvemavhoriyamu akaderera, Investment casting kana kunyange machining angave ane mari yakawanda, kunyangwe iyo geometry yakaoma.
Aya ndiwo maonero aunowana kubva kune akawanda-maitiro mutengesi. Kutarisa Nhoroondo ye QSY pa tsngtaocnc.com, iyo inotangira kubva pakukanda kuenda kuCNC machining, iwe unowana pragmatic maonero. Mutengi anogona kuuya aine chikamu chekudhirowa. Dzimwe nguva, mhinduro yakanakisa ndeye hybrid: MIM iyo iri padyo-net-shape muviri, wobva washandisa chaiyo CNC machining kurova maviri kana matatu akakosha kushivirira ayo MIM asingakwanise kubata nekuvimbika. Kuedza kumanikidza-kukwana chikamu chese chakaoma chesimbi muMIM kukanganisa. Mubvunzo wakanaka ndewekuti: Ndeipi nzira yakasimba uye inodhura kune chikamu chapera ichi?
Post-processing inenge ichidiwa nguva dzose. Kudonha kwekubvisa, kurapwa kwekupisa kwekuoma chaiko, plating kana passivation yekudzivirira ngura. Iwe unofanirwa kufungidzira izvi kubva pakutanga. Chikamu chinopenya cheMIM chinogona kuparadzwa muhukasha chinozunguza tumbler kana mipendero yakanyanya kupinza.
Iyo Pragmatic Takeaway
Saka, chibodzwa chaicho chii simbi jekiseni kuumba zvikamu? Iyo inoshamisa tekinoroji kana ikashandiswa nemazvo. Chinokosha ndechekuzviona semaitirwo, kwete mashiripiti bara. Kubudirira kunotsamira pambiru nhatu: dhizaini inoremekedza zvimhingamipinyi zvemaitiro, feedstock uye sintering mbiri yakarongedzerwa kuzvinhu, uye hutongi hwehutongi hunovimba asi huchisimbisa batch yega yega.
Iwo makambani anozviita nemazvo, kazhinji ayo ane yakadzika foundry uye machining midzi seQSY, nzwisisa ndeye simbi yekutanga uye kuumba yechipiri. Vane chiyeuchidzo chesangano chekuti simbi dzinofamba sei uye dzinoita sei. Havasi kungoumba; vari kugadzira simbi inodziya kusvika pakuzara-yakazara.
Kana uri kufunga nezveMIM, tanga neDFM hurukuro kare. Iva wakagadzirira kudzokorora chishandiso kamwe kana kaviri. Uye nguva dzose, gara uchironga bhajeti uye kuronga sintering nguva yekusimudzira. Chikamu chinoberekerwa muforoma, asi chinokura muchoto. Kuwana izvo mutsauko uripo pakati pechinhu chinoshanda pane spec sheet uye chinoshanda muruoko rwako, zuva nezuva.
