Iwe unoona 'MIM' ichikandwa zvakanyanya mazuva ano, kazhinji sezwi rekuti 'zvakaoma, zvikamu zvakachipa.' Ndiyo yekutanga kusanzwisisa. Haasi mashiripiti, uye zvirokwazvo haisi nguva dzose yakachipa. Nyaya chaiyo ye simbi jekiseni kuumba nzira inotanga nguva refu mold isati yavhara, mune yakashata, nhanho yakaoma ye feedstock. Ita izvo zvisiri izvo, uye hapana chimwe chinhu chakakosha.
Iyo Feedstock Dhanzi: Huzhinji Kupfuura Sainzi
Wese munhu anotaura nezve kuumbwa kana sintering, asi moyo weakavimbika MIM oparesheni ndeye feedstock homogeneity. Hatisi kungovhenganisa simbi upfu uye binder; tiri kugadzira yunifomu, inoyerera komboni. Reshiyo ndiyo zvese. Kunyanya binder? Iwe unowana kudonha uye kukanganisa panguva yekuvhara. Zvishoma? Iwe haugone kuzadza zvikamu zvitete. Ndakaona mabheti kubva kune vakasiyana vatengesi, kunyangwe aine iwo akafanana specs, achizvibata zvakasiyana. Haisi kungoita D50 yehupfu; ndiko kugoverwa kwechimiro chechidimbu. Spherical poda kubva kugasi atomization inoyerera zvirinani, chokwadi, asi iyo yakatenderedzwa chimiro inogona dzimwe nguva kukuvadza density yekupedzisira kana ukasangwarira ne sintering profiles.
Pakutanga, takanga tine chirongwa chechidiki chekuvhiya chiridzwa lever, chikamu chine muchinjiko-chikamu chakabva pa2mm kusvika 0.5mm. Isu takashandisa yakajairwa 316L feedstock. Zvikamu zvaitaridzika zvakanaka kubva muforoma. Ipapo kwakauya catalytic debinding. Zvikamu zvitete zvakango ... zvakanyangarika. Haina kunyungudutswa, asi yakakundikana. Muyero wekubvisa bhainda waive nehukasha zvakanyanya kune iyo misiyano yakawanda. Tinodzidzei? Yako feedstock magadzirirwo anofanirwa kugadzirwa kwete kuzvinhu chete, asi kune iyo chikamu geometry. Musanganiswa wesaizi-umwechete-upfu/binder ndiwo mushonga wekurwadzisa moyo. Iwe unoda mumwe wako anonzwisisa izvi pane granular level, mumwe munhu akadaro Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Nemakumi emakore avo mukukandira chaiko, vanonzwisisa kukosha kwemaitiro enyama pasi pekunetsekana kwekupisa, pfungwa inoshandura zvakananga kubata MIM feedstock uye sintering.
Uye iyo binder system pachayo-ndiyo imwe nyika yese. Wax-polymer, inonyungudika mumvura, inokonzeresa - imwe neimwe inosiya zvigunwe zvayo pane chikamu. Catalytic (ichishandisa nitric acid vapor) inokurumidza asi inogona kurwisa mamwe alloys. Thermal debinding inononoka asi yakapfava. Sarudzo pano inoraira hurongwa hwechoto chako, kubata kwako chikamu, uye chiyero chako chekuremara. Isarudzo yekutanga yaunosarudza usati watogadzira chishandiso.
Sintering: Iko Mashiripiti (uye Shrinkage) Zvinoitika
Ichi ndicho chikamu chekugadzira-kana-kuputsa. Une 'chikamu chako chebrown' - chisina kusimba, chese chinosungirirwa uye skeleton yehupfu. Kutenderera kwechoto ndiko kwainova simbi. Iyo shrinkage inofanotaurwa, kazhinji yakatenderedza 15-20%, asi haina kumbobvira yakanyatso isotropic. Chikamu chakareba, chakati sandara chinogona kuchinjika kana chisina kutsigirwa nemazvo pamaseta. Takambomhanyisa batch yemaconnector plates. Dimensional tolerance yaive yakasimba pamakomba arikukwira. Isu tinorova theoretical sintered density, asi maburi akaomeswa nemamicrons mashoma. Sei? Mhepo yechoto yakanga ine zvishoma. Zvikamu zviri kuruboshwe rwebhandi zvakaona chimiro chekushisa chakasiyana pane chekurudyi.
Atmosphere control ndiyo zvese. Hydrogen, argon, vacuum, kana kuputika ammonia. Kune simbi dzisina tsvina, unoda mhepo inodzikisira zvakakwana kuti uwane iyo nzvimbo yakachena pasina carburization. Kakunyuza kadiki, kamhepo keokisijeni, uye unowana chikamu chakakora, chakanyungudutswa chine brittle. Haisi nguva dzose inoonekwa nemaziso. Isu takanga tine batch ye17-4 PH zvikamu zvakapfuura ongororo yekuona uye kunyange yakakosha dimensional cheki. Asi mukushandisa, vakanga vachikundikana nekuneta. Metallography yakaratidza oxide inclusions pamwe nemiganhu yezviyo-inotevera mhepo panguva yakaoma yepakati-nhanho yekupisa.
Apa ndipo panonyatsoratidza chiitiko chemuvambi. Kambani yakaita seQSY, iyo yakashanda kweanopfuura makore makumi matatu mugoko uye kuisa mari mukudyara nealoys kubva kune yakajairwa simbi kusvika kune nickel-based superalloys, inonzwisisa kupisa kwemafuta mumapfupa avo. Irwo ruzivo rwemabatiro akakosha alloys pakupisa kwakanyanya, maitiro ekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze kudzivirira kusvibiswa, anotamiswa zvakananga uye akakosha kune simbi jekiseni kuumba nzira. Vanoziva kuti kuridza hakusi kungo 'kupisa'; iyo inodzorwa metamorphosis.
The Tooling Musungo uye Sekondari Operations
Vanhu vanofunga kuti MIM inobvisa machining. Zvinozvidukupisa. Iwe uchiri kuda kugara uchingoda sekondari ops. EDM yezvimiro zvisingakwanisi kuumbwa, senge undercuts kana zvakakwana mativi emakona emukati. Chiedza CNC machining kune yakakosha yekuisa chisimbiso nzvimbo kana tambo. Dzimwe nguva, kubatanidza oparesheni post-sinter kune chokwadi kumusoro chiyero. Musungo uri kugadzira iyo MIM chikamu sekunge ichave yekupedzisira net-chimiro chikamu. Iwe unofanirwa kugadzira iyo process. Rupo radii, yunifomu madziro ukobvu pazvinogoneka, dhizaini makona-aya haasi mazano.
Ndinoyeuka chishandiso chechikamu chedzimba dzekamera. Mugadziri aida runako, rwakapinza runako rwekunaka. Zero radius. Takazviedza. Iyo feedstock yaisazoizadza nguva dzose, uye makona aizoita chip panguva yejection kana kubata mubrown state. Taifanira kudzoka, kuwedzera 0.1mm radius. Yakanga isingaoneki muchigadzirwa chekupedzisira asi yakaita kuti chikamu chacho chigadzirike. The tooling pachayo ndechimwe chikara. Ijekiseni rekuumba chishandiso, saka inoda polish, mamhepo akanaka, gating chaiyo. Asi unenge urikupusha nehupfu hwesimbi. Pfeka pamakona uye magedhi akakwirira kudarika nepurasitiki. Iwe unofanirwa kuronga kugadzirisa ikoko.
Uye iyi ndiyo synergy ine yakazara-sevhisi mupi. Kana iwe ukatarisa kugona kweQSY, ivo vanonyora CNC machining padivi pehunyanzvi hwavo hwekukanda. Ndiyo kiyi. Ivo vanogona kutora iyo sintered MIM chikamu uye-mumba, muchina iyo yakakosha datum nzvimbo kana kudhirowa muchinjiko-gomba iro risingagone kuumba. Iko kusanganisa kwakatwasuka kunodzora kunaka uye mutengo. Iwe hausi kutumira chikamu chisina kusimba chesinter kune imwe chitoro chemuchina, uchiisa njodzi kukuvadzwa.
Zvinhu Zvechokwadi: Haisi Yekungosviba
Zvinyorwa zvebhurocha 316L, 17-4PH, plain carbon steel. Asi iwo anonakidza maapplication ari mune ekunze zvinhu. Taita basa netungsten inorema alloys yekuyeresa uremu uye kunyangwe mimwe miedzo ine titanium. Ti MIM inotyisa zvayo-urikunyura mumhepo yakakwira, uye hupfu hunodhura uye pyrophoric kubata. Mubayiro wakaoma, uremu hwe biomedical implants. Asi chiyero chegoho ... ndiyo dambudziko.
Izvi zvinonyatsoenderana neiyo portfolio yenyanzvi seyambotaurwa. Chiitiko chavo necobalt-based uye nickel-based alloys mukukandira kwekudyara chinhu chikuru. Aya ma alloys ane yavo sintering quirks-liquid phase sintering, activated sintering-uye kuziva simbi yavo yese kubva kune imwe nzira inopa kutanga. The simbi jekiseni kuumba nzira nokuti chikamu che superalloy haisi kungosiyana kwekugadzirisa zvinhu; ihwo huzivi hwakasiyana zvachose hwe densification uye microstructure kukura.
Iwe zvakare haugone kufuratira akapfava magineti alloys, seFe-Si kana Fe-Ni. Sintering izvi kuti uwane zvese zvakakwirira density uye iyo chaiyo magineti zvimiro kufamba kwetambo dzakasimba. Kunyanya kupisa kwekushisa, iwe unorasikirwa nezvinhu; zvakaderera, une porosity. Ndidzo idzi niche application uko MIM inopenya zvechokwadi, kwete mukugadzira imwe generic giya inogona kudhindwa.
Kana MIM Isiri Mhinduro
Ichi chinogona kunge chiri chikamu chakakosha. MIM inonakidza kune yakakwira-vhoriyamu, yakaoma geometry, ine mwero-kushivirira zvikamu. Asi kana chikamu chako chiri nyore-chaiyo spacer, tsvimbo yakatwasuka-enda nemachining kana kutsika. Kana iwe uchida yakakwira-yakanyanya kusimba simba kana kukanganisa kuomarara se-kukanda, tarisa kukanda mari. Kana iwe uchida imwe-kure prototype, 3D simbi kudhinda kunogona kuve nani, kunyangwe nenyaya dzekupedzisa.
Iyo crossover ine investment casting inonyanya kunakidza. Kune zvikamu zvakakura (titi, pamusoro pe100-150 gramu) kana zvikamu zvinoda zvachose pasina porosity muchikamu chakaoma, kushandiswa kwekudyara kwakanyatsoitwa kunogona kuve kwakavimbika uye kusingadhuri. Kambani inopa ese ari maviri, seQSY, inogona kukupa kurudziro isina tsarukano. Havasi kuedza kumanikidza nzira; vanogona kutarisa kudhinda kwako voti, Nezveseti iyi uye vhoriyamu, MIM ichakuchengetera 30% pamutengo weyuniti, kana Iyi mhango yemukati yakadzika zvakanyanya, ngatitarisei kukanda kwegoko.
Takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma. Mutengi akasimbirira paMIM kune hombe, iri nyore bracket. Chishandiso chacho chaive chikuru uye chinodhura, kukanganiswa kwe sintering yaive hondo, uye chikamu chemutengo chaive chakakwira pane imwe nzira yakagadzirwa. Taifanira kusunda kumashure. Maitiro acho chishandiso, kwete chitendero. Runako rwayo ruri munzvimbo yaro inotapira: kutora akawanda ezvigadzirwa zvemichina uye nekuzvibatanidza kuita imwe, yakabviswa, yakagadzirira-kushandisa chidimbu chesimbi chinobuda muchoto chinotaridzika kunge chakakura, chisina kugadzirwa. Kana ichishanda, injinjiniya yakanaka. Kana yamanikidzwa, inongova dambudziko rinodhura.
