Paunonzwa 'micro precision machining', mufananidzo wepakarepo unowanzo wemakamuri asina guruva uye michina inogadzira zvikamu zvidiki zvisingaite. Icho chikamu chayo, asi nyaya chaiyo iri muhuro-chaiyo. Izvo zvishoma nezve chiyero uye zvimwe nezve yakaunganidzwa chikanganiso chauri kurwisa pane ese oparesheni. Zvitoro zvakawanda zvinoti zvinozvikwanisa nekuti zvine CNC yemazuva ano, asi kubata chokwadi chekushivirira pasi pe5 microns pane yakaoma, yakaoma simbi chikamu chikara chakasiyana zvachose. Ndiko uko kurongeka kwe theoretical kunosangana nehuchokwadi hwekutsauswa kwechishandiso, kunyura kwemafuta, uye ndangariro yezvinhu.
Nheyo: Inotanga neKukanda
Iwe haugone kuchinjisa machina kuita hwaro hwakashata. Ichi chidzidzo chakadzidzwa nenzira yakaoma. Pakutanga, taigashira mari yekudyara kubva kune zvakajairwa, yakanaka kunze, asi nekukobvu kusingaenderane kwemadziro kana shrinkage yemukati yaingoonekwa mushure mekunge watopedza maawa uchigadzira uye kugaya kwekutanga. Iyo yese process inenge yasara. Ndosaka kutonga pamusoro pecheni yese kusingagone kutaurirana. Kambani yakadai Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ine zano rakakodzera-kubatanidza goko uye kuisa mari kukanda nekuita kwavo machining. Paunenge uchiita kukanda kwemakore makumi matatu, iwe unonzwisisa maumbirwo ezviyo zve nickel-based alloy maumbirwo, uye unogona kutungamira chikamu chiri muforoma kuti uderedze machining kusagadzikana gare gare. Icho hachisi chinhu chaunogona kungotenga; yakabikwa muzivo.
Kutarisa kwavo pane alloys akakosha, senge cobalt uye nickel-based, ari kutaura. Aya haasi ako akajairwa aluminium billets. Iwo akaoma, abrasive, uye anodhura. Kuedza micro precision machining pavari nemaitiro akajairwa inzira yekutsanya kune maturusi akaparara uye kunze-kwe-kushivirira zvikamu. Iyo pre-machining mamiriro ekukanda akakosha. Ganda repamusoro, kushushikana kwasara kubva mukutonhodza - kana izvi zvikasagadziriswa muchikamu chekutanga, machinist ari kurwa hondo yekurasikirwa kubva pakucheka kwekutanga.
Ini ndinorangarira chirongwa chechikamu chemafuta emafuta muInconel. Iyo spec yakadana 0.8mm dhayamita muchinjiko-gomba ine chinzvimbo chekushivirira kwe ± 0.005mm. Isu takatsvaga iyo investment casting kunze, uye yaitaridzika zvakanaka. Asi panguva yekuchera, iyo micro-drill yaigara ichifamba, zvichingodaro zvishoma. Takaedza mafeed akasiyana, kumhanya, nyangwe maturusi emhando dzakasiyana. Kukundikana kwacho kwaienderana. Chikonzero chikuru? Kusawirirana kwezvinhu density munzvimbo iyoyo chaiyo yekukanda kubva kune yekutanga maitiro. Chidzidzo chacho chaidhura: yechokwadi micro-scale basa, machinist uye foundry vanofanira kutaura mutauro mumwe chete. Iyi ndiyo mukana wakabatanidzwa uyo mumwe-stop mupi ane.
The Machine Tool ndiyo Kutanga
Wese munhu anogadziriswa pamushini. Ehe, iwe unoda yakakwirira-chaiyo CNC ine girazi chiyero chemhinduro system, muripo wetembiricha, uye yakasimba furemu. Asi ndiwo mutengo wekupinda. Vasiyanisi chaivo kazhinji zvinhu zvisinganyanyi kunaka. Kubata basa, semuenzaniso. Kune chikamu chingangoita 10mm cubed, yakajairwa vise haina basa. Iwe unoda tsika, kinematic mounts kana vacuum chucks yakagadzirirwa kushomeka kukanganisa. Simba rinobva mukurovera rinogona kukanganisa nyore chikamu kupfuura bhajeti yako yese yekushivirira.
Zvadaro pane tooling. Off-the-sherufu carbide end mills kubva kukhathalogi haizoiteme-pun yakarongwa. Isu tinoshanda nevagadziri vezvishandiso vanogaya maturusi edu zvichibva pane chaiyo alloy uye chimiro. Iyo 0.5mm bhora mhino yekupedzisira chigayo chekugadzira yakavanzika contour pasimbi isina simbi maringe neimwe yesimbi yakakandwa zvakasiyana zvakanyanya mujometry uye coating. Iwe unovandudza hukama nevatengesi ava; unovatumira masampula ezvinyorwa, uye ivo vanotumira zvakare prototypes. Iyo inodzokorora, mawoko maitiro.
Inotonhorera uye chip evacuation inova matambudziko makuru pachiyero ichi. Iyo diki chip recut inogona kutora micro-turusi. Isu takatamira kune yakanyanya-kudzvanywa, kuburikidza-ye-spindle inotonhorera masisitimu kwete yekutonhodza chete, asi kunyanya kuputika iwo machipisi madiki kubva munzvimbo yakachekwa. Zvinonzwika zviri nyore, asi kuridza nhare mukumanikidza-zvakakwana kujekesa machipisi asi zvisina kukwana kutsausa chishandiso kana chikamu-ndiko kwezuva rekuyedza kucheka uye kuongororwa pasi pemaikorosikopu.
Chiyero ndiye Muchengeti Wemagedhi
Apa ndipo panosangana mugwagwa. Kuverenga kwemuchina wako kunganzi kuri paX0.000, Y0.000, asi ndizvozvo here? For micro precision machining, in-probing probing inobatsira asi isiri yechokwadi. Kusimbiswa kwekupedzisira kunoitika pamushini, mukamuri inodzorwa nemamiriro ekunze emetrology. Tiri kutaura nezve kurongeka kwekuyeresa michina (CMM) ine touch-trigger probes ine tip madhayamita e0.3mm kana kunyange optical/mavhidhiyo masisitimu ekuyera kusingabatane kwezvimiro zvisina kusimba.
Iyo data inotaura nyaya. Hausi kungotsvaga kupasa/kufoira. Iwe uri kutarisa kune iyo statistical process control (SPC) machati. Pane here kudonha muhupamhi hwechibhorani icho muchina uchidziya pamusoro pe4-awa batch kumhanya? Kupera kwepamusoro padivi rezino diki-giya kunoenderana here, kana kuti inoratidza zviratidzo zvekupfekwa kwemidziyo kutanga pachikamu chemakumi mashanu kubva pazana? Chiyero chemushumo hachisi chitupa chete; chishandiso chekuongorora chirongwa chese.
Ndakaona nhengo dzakanaka dzichitadza nekuti kuyerwa kweprotocol kwaive kwakashata. Kuyera 1mm ficha ine 1mm probe tip haina maturo-uri kuyera probe, kwete chikamu. Iwe unofanirwa kururamisa saizi yemetrology kune iyo ficha, izvo zvinowanzoreva kudyara mune akatevedzana ehunyanzvi probes uye zvigadziriso. Imari yakakosha uye ruzivo rwekudyara izvo zvitoro zvakawanda zvinotarisisa.
The Human Factor uye Iterative Kukundikana
Automation yakanaka, asi iyi ndima ichiri kutsamira zvakanyanya pane technician intuition. Mugadziri wepurogiramu anogona kutevedzera zvese zvavanoda, asi munhu anomisa basa anonzwa kuchekwa. Shanduko yeruzha - diki yakakwira-frequency harmonic - inogona kuva chiratidzo chekutanga chekutaura kwechishandiso kana kupfeka kwenguva refu isati yaonekwa pane chikamu. Iyi tactile, inonzwika mhinduro loop haigone kutsiva. Ndosaka uchiona machinists ane ruzivo akazembera padyo nemuchina, achiteerera, kwete kungoona skrini.
Kukundikana ndiye mudzidzisi akanakisa, chero iwe uchiishandisa. Isu takanga tiine madiki madiki titanium connectors kwataisakwanisa kubata perpendicularity pakati pemabores maviri. Muchina wakaitwa calibrated, mudziyo waive mutsva. Takaita mazuva tichiongorora zvese. Mhosva yakave yekutamba isinganzwisisike mubato rekuchengetedza chemubati — pamwe mamicrons akati wandei. Mukugadzira kwakajairika, zvaive zvisina basa. Pasi peiyo chaiyo radial masimba eiyi micro-drilling oparesheni, yakaunza kungoringana kumhanya kuuraya kushivirira. Isu ikozvino tine yakaparadzana yekuchengetedza uye yekuongorora hurongwa hwevashandisi vezvishandiso vanoshandiswa mune micro-basa.
Iyi inodzokorodza, yekugadzirisa matambudziko ndiyo inopatsanura chitoro chebasa kubva kune wakanangana naye. Hazvisi zvekuva nemuchina wemashiripiti; ndezvekuvaka yakanyorwa, yakanatswa maitiro echimwe chinhu uye geometry. Apa ndipo apo vertically integrated operation inoratidza simba rayo. Kana dambudziko rikamuka mukugadzira, vanogona kuitsvaga vachidzokera kune inopisa yakawanda yezvinhu zvakasvibirira kana tembiricha yekudurura yekukanda kune mumwe wako senge. QSY, uye gadzirisa nzira yepamberi-yekupedzisira maererano. Iyo mhinduro loop ine simba rinoshamisa.
Iko Izvi Zvese Zvinotungamira: Chaiyo-Nyika Inoda
Saka kupi uku kusundidzira kusingadzoreki kweiyo micro-chaiyo inoshandiswa chaizvo? Haisi nyaya yekuda kuziva chete. Iri mundima yezvokurapa: orthopedic implants ine porous surfaces ye bone ingrowth, apo pore yega yega inoda kuve mukati me spec. Iri mumhepo: majekiseni emafuta emagetsi e turbines, uko maitiro ekuyerera anorairwa nemajiometri akagadzirwa kuita alloys akaomarara. Kutsauka kwemamicrons mashoma kunoshandura maitiro ekupfapfaidza, kugona, kuburitsa.
Chinodiwa ndechekuwedzera kuoma mumahamvuropu madiki. Chinhu chimwe chete chinogona kusanganisa micro-milling, kutendeuka, kuchera, uye kunyange EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining) maitiro. Izvi zvinosundira dambudziko rekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa uye datum kurongeka kusvika pakunyanyisa. Iwe unobata sei chikamu kumichina chikamu chayo chechishanu pasina kukanganisa maficha awakatoisa pane mana ekutanga? Kazhinji, mhinduro ndeye chigadziriso chetsika chinova chikamu chaicho pachacho.
Uchitarisa kugona kweanopa, iwe zvino wave kuziva zvekutarisa kunze kwebhurocha. Usangobvunza kana vaine 5-axis micromachining centre. Bvunza nezvemidziyo yavo yemetrology yezvikamu zviri pasi pe10mm. Bvunza mabatiro avanoita basa rekukanda madziro akatetepa. Bvunza ruzivo rwavo neiyo chaiyo alloy yaunoda, ingave isina tsvina kubva Nhoroondo ye QSY yakajairika stock kana yakajairika cobalt-chrome musanganiswa. Mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyoyo dzichakuudza kana vakanzwisisa kugaya, kana ivo vari kungokwira buzzword. Chokwadi micro precision machining chirango chakazara, muchato wezvekushandisa sainzi, mechanical engineering, uye kudzidzira, hunyanzvi hwemurwere.
