Mhedzisiro yeElements muAlloys paMechanical Properties 

Kuwedzerwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvesimbi mune alloy zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya mashandiro ayo emagetsi (senge simba, kuoma, ductility, kuoma, corrosion resistance, nezvimwewo).

Aya anotevera mabasa ezvakajairwa simbi zvinhu mune alloys uye mhedzisiro yavo pane mechaniki zvivakwa:

1.Carbon (C)

(1).Shandisa: Inonyanya kuwanikwa musimbi uye simbi yakakandwa, ichigadzira carbides nesimbi (yakadai seFe3C).

(2).Kufurira:

①.Kusimba/Kuoma: Kuwedzera kabhoni yemukati kunowedzera kuoma uye kusimba (senge yakakwira kabhoni simbi), asi yakawandisa inogona kutungamira kune brittleness.

②.Ductility: Iyo yakakwirira iyo kabhoni yemukati, yakaderera iyo ductility uye kuoma.

③.Weldability: High kabhoni simbi ine urombo welding properties.

2.Chromium (Cr)

(1).Shandisa: Chinhu chakakosha chesimbi isina tsvina (senge 304, 316) uye simbi yekushandisa.

(2).Kufurira:

①.Corrosion resistance: Inogadzira passive oxide firimu (Cr2O3) yekuvandudza oxidation kuramba uye kusagadzikana nekuora.

②.Kuoma/Kusimba: Inogadzira carbides ine kabhoni (yakadai seCr23C6) kuvandudza kuomarara uye kupfeka kuramba.

③.Kushanda kwekushisa kwepamusoro: Inosimudzira kusimba kwekushisa kwepamusoro (senge simbi inodzivirira kupisa).

3.Nickel (Ni)

(1).Applications: Stainless simbi (yakadai se304), alloys akakwira tembiricha (akadai seInconel) uye ma alloys asingadziviriri.

(2).Kufurira:

①.Kuoma: Inovandudza kusimba kwekushisa kwakadzika uye ductility (senge nickel simbi kune yakaderera tembiricha nharaunda).

②.Corrosion resistance: Inowedzera kusagadzikana kune acids uye alkalis.

③.Austenite kugadzikana: Musimbi isina tsvina, inobata pamwe nechromium kugadzira austenitic chimiro (senge 304 simbi).

4.Molybdenum (Mo)

(1).Applications: high simba simbi (yakadai se4140), Stainless simbi (yakadai se316) uye yakakwirira tembiricha alloys.

(2).Kufurira:

①.Kusimba/kuramba kupisa: Inovandudza kusimba kwekushisa kwepamusoro uye kusagadzikana kwekukwira.

②.Corrosion resistance: Inowedzera kuramba kune chloride stress corrosion (senge 316 Stainless steel).

③.Kunatsa zviyo: Inovandudza kuoma.

5.Manganese (Mn)

(1).Applications: kabhoni simbi (yakadai seA36), yakakwirira simba yakaderera alloy simbi (HSLA) uye austenitic manganese simbi (senge Hadfield simbi).

(2).Kufurira:

①.Deoxidation/desulfurization: Inoderedza zvinokuvadza zvinokonzerwa nesarufa (inoumba MnS panzvimbo yeFeS).

②.Kuoma: Inovandudza kuomarara uye kusapfeka (semuenzaniso simbi yakakwira manganese yemabhakiti ekuchera).

③.Austenite kugadzikana: Partial nickel replacement mu Stainless simbi.

6.Silicon (Si)

(1).Zvishandiso: Chitubu simbi (e.g. 65Mn), simbi yemagetsi, uye aruminiyamu alloys (e.g. 4xxx series).

(2).Kufurira:

①.Kusimba/kurarasika: Inovandudza simba uye elastic muganho wesimbi (semuenzaniso silicon-manganese chitubu simbi).

②.Deoxidizer: Inobvisa oksijeni panguva yekugadzira simbi.

③.Magnetic properties: Inovandudza magineti permeability yesimbi yemagetsi.

7.Aruminiyamu (Al)

(1).Zvishandiso: Aluminium alloys (e.g. 6061), high-temperature alloys (e.g. Fe-Cr-Al), uye deoxidizers.

(2).Kufurira:

①.Kureruka: Inoderedza density (aruminiyamu alloys inenge 2/3 yakareruka kupfuura simbi).

②.Corrosion resistance: Mafomu Al2O3 anodzivirira firimu.

③.Kunatsa zviyo: Inodzivisa kukura kwezviyo musimbi.

8.Titanium (Ti)

(1).Applications: Titanium alloys (e.g. Ti-6Al-4V), masimbi asina tsvina (e.g. 321), uye alloys anopisa zvikuru.

(2).Kufurira:

①.Kusimba/kurema reshiyo: Titanium alloys ane yakanyanya kukwirira yakananga simba.

②.Corrosion resistance: Inopikisa mvura yegungwa uye chloride corrosion.

③.Magadzirirwo eCarbide: Inogadzirisa kabhoni musimbi kudzivirira ngura yepakati (e.g. 321 simbi isina tsvina).

9.Mhangura (Cu)

(1).Applications: Ndara (Cu-Zn), bhuronzi (Cu-Sn), uye kunaya-kuomesa simbi (e.g. 17-4PH).

(2).Kufurira:

①.Corrosion resistance: Kunonatsiridza kusadzivirirwa nekuora kwemumhepo (semumamiriro ekunze simbi).

②.Electrical/thermal conductivity: Copper alloys ane yakanakisa magetsi conductivity.

③.Kusimbisa kunaya: Mafomu ε-Cu chikamu musimbi (e.g. 17-4PH simbi isina tsvina).

10.Vanadium (V)

(1).Applications: Tool steels (e.g. D2), high-simba low-alloy steels (HSLA).

(2).Kufurira:

①.Kunatsa zviyo: Kuumbwa kwecarbonitrides (yakadai seVC) kurambidza kukura kwezviyo.

②.Kusimba/kuoma: Kuvandudza simba uchichengetedza kuomarara (senge HSLA simbi).

11.Tungsten (W)

(1).Applications: Simbi inomhanya kwazvo (yakadai seM2), simende carbide (WC-Co) uye alloys akakwira-tembiricha.

(2).Kufurira:

①.Kuoma kwekushisa kwepamusoro: Kugadzirwa kwema carbides anodzivirira kupfeka (seW2C).

②.Kuomarara kutsvuku: High-speed simbi inochengetedza kuoma pakupisa kwepamusoro.

12.Zinc (Zn)

(1).Applications: Simbi yakagadziridzwa (kudzivirira ngura), ndarira (Cu-Zn) uye aruminiyamu alloys (akadai se7xxx series).

(2).Kufurira:

①.Sacrificial anode protection: Iyo zinc layer inodzivirira simbi matrix.

②.Simba: Inoumba chikamu chekusimbisa mualuminium alloys (yakadai seZn-Mg-Cu, 7075 aluminium alloy).

Pfupiso: Iyo yakakosha pesvedzero yezvinhu pane mechaniki zvivakwa

Nekugadzirisa zviri mukati uye kusanganiswa kwezvinhu izvi, alloys anogona kugadzirwa kuti asangane nezvinodiwa (zvakadai sesimbi-yakasimba, masimbi anodzivirira corrosion, kana alloys epamusoro-tembiricha).