Stainless Steel 304 (inowanzo kunyorwa seSUS304 kana AISI304) ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye inogona kushandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana austenitic stainless simbi pasi rose. Yayo Chinese giredhi ndeye 06Cr19Ni10. Izvi zvinotevera zvinopa tsananguro yakadzama yekuumbwa kwemakemikari, michina zvivakwa, uye mashandisirwo eminda yeStainless Steel 304.
I. Core Chemical Kuumbwa
Iyo corrosion resistance uye michina yeStainless Steel 304 inotemerwa neiyo chaiyo makemikari kuumbwa. Iwo makuru ekuumbwa mazinga (maererano neASTM A240standard) ndeaya anotevera:
| Element | Content Range (wt%) | Main Function |
| Chromium (Cr) | 18.0–20.0% | Core element: Inogadzira dense chromium oxide passive firimu, ichipa "stainless" zvivakwa uye yakakosha kudzivirira ngura. |
| Nickel (Ni) | 8.0–10.5% | Chinhu chakakosha: Inodzikamisa iyo austenitic chimiro, ichipa yakanakisa kuoma, isiri-magnetism, weldability, uye yakawedzera corrosion kuramba. |
| Kabhoni (C) | ≤0.08% | Kunowedzera simba. Nekudaro, yakakwira kabhoni yemukati inogona kutungamira nyore kune intergranular corrosion mushure mekugadzira, zvichitungamira mukugadzirwa kweiyo yakaderera-kabhoni vhezheni 304L. |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤2.0% | Inovandudza simba uye inotsiva chikamu chebasa re nickel. |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤0.75% | Inoshanda se deoxidizer uye inovandudza kusimba kwepamusoro-tembiricha. |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.045% | Kusachena chinhu, kunoda kutonga (kunoderedza kuomarara). |
| Sarufa (S) | ≤0.030% | Kusachena chinhu, kunoda kudzora (kunokanganisa kushanda kunopisa). |
| Nitrogen (N) | ≤0.10% | Inogona kuvandudza simba, kunyanya ye304L. |
| Simbi (Fe) | Balance | Nheyo yesimbi. |
Misiyano mumakemikari ekuumbwa kwemagiredhi ekubuda:
304L: Carbon (C) ≤ 0.03%, zvakanyanya kuderedza dambudziko rekukurudzira weld.
304H: Kabhoni (C) 0.04–0.10%, yakagadzirirwa kuvandudza kusimba kwepamusoro-tembiricha uye kuita zvinokambaira.
II. Typical Mechanical Properties
Iyo yakajairwa kamuri-tembiricha mechanical zvimiro zveStainless Steel 304 mune mhinduro-yakagadziriswa mamiriro (iyo inonyanya kupihwa mamiriro) ndeaya anotevera:
| Performance Indicator | Typical Value | Tsanangudzo |
| Tensile Simba | ≥515 MPa | Iyo yakanyanya tensile simba iyo zvinhu zvinogona kumira isati yatsemuka. |
| Goho Simba (0.2% kurerutsa) | ≥205 MPa | Iyo yekusimbisa pfungwa iyo iyo nyaya inotanga kuve nekusingaperi deformation. |
| Elongation (50mm geji kureba) | ≥40% | Chiratidzo chakakosha: Kurebesa kwakanyanya kunoratidza kunaka kwepurasitiki uye kuoma, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuita inotonhora yekugadzira maitiro sekudhirowa kwakadzika uye kukotama. |
| Kuoma (Brinell Hardness HB) | ≤201 HB | Zvishoma kuomarara, zvichiratidza tsika yakakosha yekuomesa basa (inowedzera kuoma panguva yekugadzira). |
| Modulus yeElasticity | ~193 GPA | Zvakafanana nekabhoni simbi, chiyero chekuoma kwezvinhu. |
| Density | ~7.93 g/cm³ | Zvishoma zvishoma pane carbon steel. |
Hunhu Hunokosha:
Kwete-magnetic: Kwete-magnetic mune yakazara annealed state. Nekudaro, mushure mekushanda kunotonhora (sekucheka, kukotama, kutsika), imwe austenite inogona kushanduka kuita martensite, zvichikonzera kushaya simba kwemagnetism. Chokwadi hachifanirwe kutongwa chete nemagnetism.
Basa Kuomesa: Inokurumidza kuoma uye yakasimba panguva yekushanda kunotonhora, asi plastiki inoderera. Complex kuumba kungada yepakati annealing.
III. Main Application Fields
Nekuda kwekuita kwayo kwakanakisa kwese, Stainless Steel 304 inoshandiswa mune dzinenge dzese maindasitiri nemazuva ese ehupenyu minda:
| Munda Wekushandisa | Specific Application | Zvikonzero Zvekusarudza 304 |
| Cookware & Chikafu Indasitiri | Mapoto, mbiya, mabheseni, singi, mbiru; midziyo yekugadzira chikafu, matangi ekuchengetera, mapaipi, midziyo yekudyira. | Chengetedzo & Hutsanana: Inodzivirira Corrosion, iri nyore kuchenesa, hapana inokuvadza zvinhu leaching (chikafu-giredhi). |
| Architecture & Decoration | Curtain wall, door/window hardware, handrails, elevator decoration, denga, zvimiro zvemukati. | Aesthetic & Yakasimba: Yakasiyana-siyana yekupedzisa kwepamusoro (yakabhurwa, girazi, yakaputirwa jecha), yakanaka yemhepo yekudzivirira ngura, hupenyu hurefu. |
| Industrial Equipment & Chemicals | Matangi ekuchengetera, zvinochinjisa kupisa, pombi, zvikepe zvemareactor (yezve media isingaite corrosive), machira/mapepa muchina. | General Corrosion Resistance: Kuramba kwakanaka kune akasiyana siyana emakemikari nenzvimbo dzeindasitiri, kushanda zvakanaka. |
| Midziyo Yemumba | Madhiramu emuchina wokuwachisa, heater yemvura liner, microwave oven casings, firiji liner, dishwasher mukati. | Inopesana nekunyorova / kusvibiswa kwemhepo, kunakidza kunakidza, simba guru. |
| Transportation | Mota trim, njanji yekufambisa yemukati, midziyo yemidziyo, exhaust system zvikamu. | Kuramba kwakanaka kwemamiriro ekunze, kwakanakira kuumba uye welding. |
| Medical & Pharmaceutical | (Inoda chaiyo yekurapwa kwepamusoro) Mabhesi emidziyo yekuvhiya, dzimba dzemidziyo isina-yakaora, nhengo dzisiri dzepakati mumidziyo yemishonga. | Zviri nyore kuchenesa uye kuchenesa, inodzivirira kune yakajairika mishonga inouraya utachiona. |
| Energy & Environmental | Flue gasi desulfurization units, zvisiri-core components mumagetsi enyukireya, solar panel mounting brackets. | Kuita kwakavimbika munzvimbo dzine ngura dzine mwero. |
IV. Summary
Stainless Simbi 304, nekuda kweiyo yakaenzana makemikari kuumbwa (18/8 chromium-nickel), inopa yakanakisa kusakara, kuumbwa kusingaenzaniswi, uye weldability, zvichiita kuti ive chaiyo "simbi yepasirese." Ndiyo yakanyanya hupfumi uye yakavimbika sarudzo mune yakawanda yakawanda yezvakajairwa nharaunda. Chete kana wakatarisana nemhoteredzo ine chloride yakakwirira (semvura yegungwa, de-icing munyu) kana zvinokuvadza zvine makemikari media, panofanirwa kufunga nezvekusimudzira kune molybdenum-ine 316 simbi isina tsvina.
