Kana vanhu vazhinji vakanzwa 'powder metallurgy', vanobva vangoona iyo classic press-and-sinter gear part-dense, inoshanda, asi kutaura chokwadi, zvishoma. Ndiyo yekutanga kusanzwisisa. Chokwadi chiri kure uye chinonakidza. Haisi yekungoita chimiro chakasimba kubva muhupfu; inhaurirano yenguva dzose pakati pemaitiro enyama, maitiro ekugadzirisa, uye kazhinji-kusaregerera zvinodiwa zvekushandisa kwekupedzisira. Kuona zvikamu zvichibva pamutsetse munzvimbo dzinopa muindasitiri inorema, gaka riri pakati pebhuku PM nechitoro-pasi PM ndiko kunogara ruzivo chairwo.
Iyo Alloy Puzzle uye Nei Kuumbwa Kusiri Zvese
Unotanga nemusanganiswa wehupfu. Iyo database inokupa iwe simbi, mhangura, graphite, pamwe imwe nickel. Asi iyo mijenya-ku-mijenya musiyano mukugovera saizi yechikamu kubva kune mutengesi inogona kukanda yako compaction dynamics kure. Takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma pakumhanya kwema sprockets emaconveyor system. Iyo fungidziro yakazadzikiswa, asi kuyerera kwacho kwaive kwakasiyana, zvichitungamira kune madiki density gradients mushure mekuita sinter iyo yaingoratidza pasi pekuyedzwa kwekuneta kwekuneta. Kwakanga kusiri kukundikana kwese, asi chaive chiyeuchidzo chekuti hupfu chinhu chipenyu, kwete kungoita kemikari.
Apa ndipo pane ruzivo nemamwe magadzirirwo ekugadzira, senge investment casting yakaitwa nemudiwa wenguva refu Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), inopa musiyano unonakidza. Vanga vachibata nemaitiro esimbi yakanyungudutswa kweanopfuura makumi matatu emakore. Kwatiri muPM, simbi yedu yakasimba kusvikira taimanikidza kuita zvakasiyana. Unyanzvi hwavo mugomba mold uye kuisa mari kune alloys akakosha senge nickel-based anozivisa kufunga kwedu nezve alloying mazano epamusoro-kuita PM zvikamu. Tinogona here kuwana yakafanana microstructure dispersion kuburikidza nepamusoro musanganiswa uye sintering pane kunyungudika? Dzimwe nguva, asi mutengo trajectory yakasiyana.
Sarudzo pakati pe-pre-alloyed poda uye elemental musanganiswa musanganiswa ndeimwe yemhando yepamusoro yekufona. Pre-alloyed poda, senge simbi isina simbi kana chishandiso simbi mamakisi, anokupa homogeneity asi inogona kuva gehena kune compact nekuda kwekuoma. Elemental inosanganisa sinter zvakanyanya asi njodzi inhomogeneity kana kutenderera kusina kunaka. Iko kutengeserana-kusiyana pakati pekutsikirira mutengo uye sintering mutengo, uye urikuimisa pamupendero webanga.
Iyo Sintering Dhanzi: Kupisa, Atmosphere, uye Nguva
Sintering ndipo panoitika mashiripiti nekuvhunduka. Haisi chete choto chine tembiricha yakatarwa. Ramp rate, dova remumhepo (ringava gasi rekupedzisira, ammonia yakaparadzaniswa, kana vacuum), uye nguva yekupisa inogadzira hurukuro nehupfu. Ita chimwe chikanganiso, uye uri kutarisa chikamu chinenge chisina brittle kubva mukubatana kwakashata kana kukanganiswa kubva kune kusaenzana shrinkage.
Ndinoyeuka purojekiti ye hydraulic valve chikamu chaida kusanganiswa kwesimba uye porosity yekuiswa kwemafuta. Isu takaroverera density mushure mekumisikidzwa, asi iyo sintering mbiri yakanga yadzimwa zvishoma-nekukurumidza rampu. Yakagadzira chimiro cheganda chakavhara maburi epamusoro nguva isati yakwana. Zvikamu zvakapfuura macheki asi zvakakundikana murabhoritari panguva yekuyedzwa kwemafuta ekupisa. Kugadzirisa kwanga kusiri shanduko huru; yakanga iri nzira inononoka, yakapfava zvikuru kubvumira magasi emukati kubuda pasina kuvhara pamusoro. Chidzidzo chakajeka, chinodhura.
Izvi zvinopesana neiyo solidification control mukukanda. Kutsvaga kugona kwe QSY panzvimbo yavo tsngtaocnc.com, kutonga kwavo pamusoro pekusimba mukukandira kwekudyara kwecobalt-based alloys ndeyekutonga chikamu chemvura. Dambudziko redu muPM sintering ndere kubata solid-state diffusion uye dzimwe nguva nhanho dzemvura. Chinangwa chekupedzisira-chinonzwika, chepamusoro-chesimbi chikamu-chakafanana, asi nzira iripo inonzwa zvakasiyana.
Kana PM Anosangana neMachining: Iyo Post-Processing Reality
Hapana anofarira kuzvibvuma, asi iyo net-shape vimbiso yehupfu metallurgy inowanzouya neasterisk. Kune akakosha maficha-shinda, akasimba-akasimba kushivirira mabhora, akakosha magrooves-uri kuenda kumuchina weCNC. Iyo machinability yechikamu chakapiswa imhuka yayo pachayo. Hazvina kufanana nekugadzira bhawa rakagadzirwa; iyo yakasara porosity inogona kuita se chip breaker (yakanaka) asiwo inomhanyisa kupfeka chishandiso (chakaipa).
Isu takatumira PM blanks kune machining zvitoro anoshandiswa kukanda kana manyepo stock, uye mhinduro inogara iri dzidzo. Izvo zvigadziro zvekucheka zvinoda kugadziriswa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero mutengesi ane unyanzvi hwakabatanidzwa akakosha. Kambani yakadai QSY, iyo inonyora CNC machining padivi pehunyanzvi hwayo hwekukanda, inonzwisisa maitiro enyama kubva kumakona akawanda. Kugadzira sintered nickel alloy component kunoda kubata kwakasiyana pane kugadzira imwe yayo yakakandwa, kunyangwe iyo yezita kuumbwa kwakafanana. Chikamu chakachekwa chinogona kunge chine maokisi akatsetseka, akapararira kubva paupfu hunofanirwa kugadziriswa nemucheki.
Nzira yekubvisa nayo yakasiyana. Iyo porosity inogona kuteya kuchenesa midhiya kana zvinwiwa, zvinova zvinotyisa kune zvikamu mune yakachena kana yakaoma application. Iwe haugone kungovakanda mu tumbler inozunguza woidaidza kuti zuva. Zvinowanzoda kucheneswa kwakarongeka nemafuta chaiwo uye kunyatsoomesa.
Iyo Niche yeSpecial Alloys uye Complex Geometries
Apa ndipo panotanga poda metallurgy kupenya uye kururamisa kuoma kwayo. Zvishandiso zvakaoma kana zvisingabviri kukanda kana kuumba mumhando dzakaoma-senge mamwe tungsten anorema alloys, kana akagadzirirwa simbi matrix macomposites-ndiyo yepamusoro PM ndima. Iko kugona kugadzira zvimiro zvakagadziridzwa kana inodzorwa porosity (yemafirita kana ega-kuzora mabhengi) yakasarudzika.
Takashanda pane prototype yechikamu chemidziyo yekurapa tichishandisa titanium alloy. Kugadzira kwaidhura-kurambidza vhoriyamu yakaderera, uye kugadzira kubva kune yakasimba kwaiparadza pamusoro pe80% yezvinhu zvinodhura. Metal Injection Molding (MIM), musiyano wePM, ndiyo yaive mhinduro. Yakabvumira iyo yakaoma, chimiro cheorganic chine madziro matete, chimwe chinhu chingave chinonetsa kunyangwe kune chaiyo yekukanda mari. Kupisa kwacho kwaifanira kuitwa munzvimbo ine vacuum yakakwirira, uye kukanganisa kwaiva hondo, asi kwakashanda. Iri mumakona aya eindastiri umo PM inowana nzvimbo yayo inodzivirirwa zvakanyanya.
Kutarisa pane zvinyorwa zvinyorwa kubva kune foundry se QSY-simbi yakakandwa, simbi, isina tsvina, cobalt uye nickel alloys - chiyeuchidzo chekuti maitiro ega ega anoburitsa dura rayo. Kune yakakwirira-vhoriyamu, yakapusa ferrous zvikamu, zvakajairwa press-and-sinter PM yakaoma kurova pamutengo. Kune ekupedzisira-yepamusoro-kuita alloys mumhando dzakaoma, uko mutengo wezvinhu unotonga, advanced PM kana MIM inokwikwidza yakananga nekukanda mari. Iyo sarudzo matrix inosanganisira vhoriyamu, geometry, zvinhu, uye zvivakwa zvinodiwa. Kashoma kuwana mhinduro imwechete iri pachena.
Pfungwa dzekupedzisira: Inzira yeConstant Tuning
Saka, simbi yehupfu haisi yekuseta-uye-kukanganwa kushanda. Ihurongwa. Shanduko yerudzi rwemafuta, shanduko yegumi-dhigirii munzvimbo inopisa yevira, batch nyowani yehupfu-chero ipi zvayo inogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro. Hunyanzvi huri mukuvaka hurongwa hwakasimba hunogona kutora misiyano midiki iyi uye mukuva nehunyanzvi hwekuongorora kuziva kuti chii chakakanganisika kana batch radzimwa.
Izvo zvishoma nezve shanduko yebudiriro uye zvimwe nezvekuwedzera, zvakaoma-kukunda kuvandudzwa. Tinogona here kuwana 0.5% yakawanda density pasina kuwedzera kudzvanya tonnage? Tinogona here kuderedza sintering nguva ne5% pasina kukuvadza kuoma? Uku ndiko kugaya kwezuva nezuva. Hazvinakidzi, asi kana iwe ukabata chikamu chinoita zvisina mhosva pasi pekunetseka, uchiziva nhanho yega yega yaitora kubva paupfu yakasununguka kusvika kune icho chakapedzwa chikamu, kugutsikana kuri kongiri. Icho chirevo chekudzora mhirizhonga, imwe micron-saizi particle panguva.
Iyo nyika zvakare imwe yekubatana. Ruzivo kubva kune vakatanga, kubva kumachinists, kubva kumagumo-vashandisi vese vanodyisa mukugadzira zvirinani PM zvikamu. Iyo inoenderera mberi loop yezvinhu sainzi uye inoshanda shop-floor-kugadzirisa matambudziko. Izvo, kupfuura chero chinhu, ndiwo moyo wehunyanzvi.
