Ukanzwa 'powder metallurgy products', mufananidzo wevazhinji uchiri nyore, une porous bronze bushings kana basic structures parts. Ndiwo maonero emazuva ano, kutaura chokwadi. Munda waenda kure kupfuura izvo, asi iyo yekuona lag ndeyechokwadi. Mubasa redu nekukandwa kwakaomarara uye kugadzira, isu tinowanzo kuona magadzirirwo apo chikamu chePM chingave chakakwana, asi mainjiniya anokanganisa kukanda kana kuti machine-kubva-ku-bar mhinduro kunze kwetsika, dzimwe nguva achitarisa mambure-chimiro chakanakira uye kugona kwezvinhu zvePM. Haisi yekungotsikirira nekunyungura upfu hwesimbi zvakare; ndezvepamusoro-density zvikamu, advanced alloys, uye mahybrid ekugadzira maitiro anodzima mitsetse.
Hurukuro Yezvinhu: Kupfuura Simbi neMhangura
Kushanda neakakosha alloys senge cobalt-yakavakirwa uye nickel-yakavakirwa iwo ekudyara kukanda kunokupa kukoshesa kwakadzama kwemitengo yezvinhu uye kuita. Apa ndipo panotanga poda metallurgy kunakidza. Kugadzira zvikamu kubva mumidziyo simbi, simbi isina tsvina, kana kunyange superalloys kuburikidza nePM inogona kunzvenga nyaya dzakawanda dzekusarura dzaunowana mukunyunguduka kwechinyakare nekukanda. Iwe unowana imwe homogeneous microstructure kunze kwegedhi. Ndinoyeuka purojekiti yechikamu chevharuvhu munzvimbo inoodza apo mutengi aive akatsunga nezvekushandisa giredhi chaiyo yesimbi isina tsvina. Iyo yekutanga prototype yaive investimendi yakakandwa, yaive yakanaka, asi iyo nhaurirano yakatendeukira kune yakakwira vhoriyamu. Takatarisa PM seimwe nzira, kunyanya 316L simbi isina tsvina upfu metallurgy process. Iyo yepedyo-net-chimiro chaireva kuti isu takachengeta ingangoita 30% pazvinhu zvichienzaniswa nemachining kubva kune yakasimba, uye michina zvivakwa, kunyanya kurwisa ngura, zvainyatsoenderana chikamu-kune-chikamu. Kwakanga kusiri kutamba kunodhura; kwaive kutamba kwekuvimbika.
Zvakadaro, hakusi kuchinjika kwepasirese. Iyo alloy kusarudzwa muPM inotaridzwa neiyo inowanikwa hupfu mamakisi uye sintering mamiriro. Iwe haugone kungotora chero yakakandwa alloy yakatarwa woidudzira zvakananga. Pane yekudzidza curve. Isu takatadza kuyedza kuenzanisa zvivakwa zvenickel isingadziviriri alloy inoshandiswa mune imwe yemagoko edu mold castings. Iyo PM vhezheni yakanyura zvakaringana, asi iyo yepamusoro-tembiricha inokambaira kuramba yakawira pasi peiyo cast version. Chidzidzo chaive chisiri chekuti PM aive akaderera, asi kuti yaive yakasiyana zvinhu system zvachose. Uri kugadzirira PM process, kwete kupesana nekaseti pepa.
Izvi zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi munzvimbo dzakadai Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Nemakumi emakore ekukanda uye CNC machining, vanonzwisisa maitiro enyama pasi pemaitiro akasiyana. Irwo ruzivo rwehwaro rwakakosha pakuongorora kana chikamu chiri mukwikwidzi wemaitiro echinyakare senge hunyanzvi hwavo mugoko rekuumbwa uye kukanda mari, kana kana ichifanirwa kutungamirwa kuenda kune imwe. upfu metallurgy zvigadzirwa mutengesi. Ndezvekuve nenzvimbo yekuona mepu yese yekugadzira.
Pane PM Inopenya uye Painogumburwa
Iyo chaiyo inotapira nzvimbo yePM iri mune yakaoma geometries inotyisa kumuchina asi inogona kuumbwa mukufa. Funga magiya ane hubs-akaumbwa zvisingaite, zvikamu zvine undercuts yemukati, kana zvikamu zvinosanganisa akawanda maficha kuita chimwe. Iyo dimensional control post-sintering, kunyanya nehunyanzvi hwazvino senge die wall lubrication uye yakakwirira-chaiyo mashini, inoshamisa. Iwe unowanzo gara mune yekushivirira ballpark yeyakaomesesa-muchina chikamu, icho kune akawanda maapplication akakwana zvakakwana.
Asi heino inoshanda hiccup yatakasangana nayo: porosity. Munondo unocheka kumativi maviri. Inodzorwa porosity yakanakira kuzvigadzika mabhengi kana mafirita. Asi kune zvikamu zvinoda simba rakawanda, kusimba kwesimba, kana kupedzisa kwepamusoro kwepamusoro kune kunotevera plating, iyo yakabatana porosity idambudziko. Iwe unofanirwa kuenda kune maitiro senge simbi jekiseni molding (MIM) kana kaviri kudzvanya / kaviri sinter kutyaira density kumusoro, izvo zvinowedzera mutengo. Isu takambotsvaga PM sprocket kune yakaderera-mutoro meshini. Yakashanda zvakakwana uye yakanga isingadhuri. Kune hydraulic pombi giya inoda zvese simba rine simba uye chisimbiso kutendeseka, isu taifanira kudzokera kune yakaumbwa uye yakagadzirwa nzira. Iyo PM vhezheni, kunyangwe pa7.2 g/cm3, yaive nenjodzi yekudonha-kudonha pasi pekumanikidzwa. Kuziva miganhu iyi kwakakosha.
Imwe pfungwa yakavanzika ndeyechipiri mashandiro. Iyo rondedzero kazhinji ndeye PM inobvisa machining. Dzimwe nguva. Kazhinji, inoderedza. Mazhinji epamusoro-kuita upfu metallurgy zvikamu zvichiri kuda CNC pass yeakakosha bore dimensions, tambo yekugadzira, kana nhanho yekukuya yekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro. Apa ndipo panowanikwa mutengesi ane yakasanganiswa machining kugona, senge QSY yakasimba CNC machining kumashure, inova mubatsiri ane musoro. Ivo vanogona kufunga nezvese hurongwa hwese-maitirwo echikamu chakasiiwa, pane datum mapoinzi, kuti yasara porosity ingakanganisa sei kupfeka chishandiso-pane kungoendesa chikamu chegirini.
Mutengo Equation Haisi Ingori Mutengo Weyuniti
Wese munhu anosvetukira kune chidimbu-chikamu mutengo. Chishandiso chePM-iyo yakaomeswa simbi inofa-inodhura uye ine nguva yakareba yekutungamira. Kune prototype kana yakaderera-vhoriyamu inomhanya, kazhinji isiri yekutanga kana ichienzaniswa nekugadzira billet kana kugadzira mashoma ejecha. Iyo vhoriyamu chikumbaridzo apo PM inova yehupfumi inoramba ichidzika nekukurumidza nzira dzekushandisa, asi ichiripo. Uri kubheja pavhoriyamu.
Iyo chaiyo yekuchengetedza ndeye systemic. Kushandiswa kwezvinhu ndiko kukuru. Uri kushandisa pamwe 95%+ yehupfu mbishi, ine zvimedu zvishoma. Enzanisa izvozvo nekugadzira chikamu chakaoma kubva kubhawa stock, kwaunogona kushandura 60% yezvinhu zvinodhura kuita machipisi. Munguva yekusagadzikana kwemitengo yezvinhu, zvakakura. Panewo kudzikiswa kwesimba rekunyunguduka uye kubviswa kwematanho akawanda akaomarara ekugadzira. Kukambani inotarisira mutsara wekugadzira wakazara, izvi zvinobatika, zvepazasi-zvinhu izvo zvinodarika kuenzanisa kwakapfava.
Ndinofunga nezvechikamu chemutengi wemichina yekurima. Yakanga iri nyore flange ine nzvimbo inobhowa uye mamwe mabhoti maburi. Machina kubva musimbi disc yaive yakatwasuka. Asi pazvimedu zve50,000 pagore, mari yesimbi yakarasika yakava chinhu chemutsara. Kuchinjira kuchikamu chePM, chine maburi ebhaudhi chete uye chibodzwa chekupedzisa chinoda kukurumidza CNC kubata-kumusoro, cheka mutengo wemidziyo nehafu uye wakasunungura matatu machining nzvimbo dzerimwe basa. Mutengo weyuniti waive wakakwira zvishoma, asi mari yese yakamhara yaive yakaderera. Ndirwo rudzi rwekuongorora rwunobva pakugara pauriri hwekugadzira, kwete bhurocha rekutengesa chete.
Kubatanidzwa uye Ramangwana: Kwete Siled Solution
Ramangwana re upfu metallurgy zvigadzirwa haisi mukumira ndega seniche. Iri mukubatanidzwa mune yakafara nzira yekugadzira. Tiri kuona zvimwe zvikamu zvakasanganiswa — PM preform inozogadzirwa (powder forging) kuti iwane kuzara kwakazara, kana chikamu chePM chine chikamu chakati chealloy chakagadzirwa kuburikidza ne-co-sintering. Mitsetse iri kudzima.
Kumugadziri akafanana QSY, iyo musimboti wayo wekukanda uye nemachini chaiwo, iyo yehurongwa maonero inosanganisira kuziva nguva yekukurudzira nzira yePM kune mutengi. Inogona kunge iri yezvikamu zvidiki mugungano ravari kugadzira, kana musanganiswa wezvinhu zvinodhura kukanda. Kushanda kwavo kwenguva refu muindasitiri kunoratidza kuti vanonzwisisa kuti kupa mhinduro dzimwe nguva kunoreva kutungamira mutengi kune imwe tekinoroji zvachose. Zvinovaka kuvimbana kwakadzama.
Pasi, matambudziko anoramba achishanda. Kubata hupfu kunoda nzvimbo dzakatsaurirwa, dzakachena. Dhizaini inyanzvi yehunyanzvi. Sintering furnace atmospheres inofanirwa kudzorwa zvine hungwaru. Iyo inzira ye capital-intensive process ine materu ezivo curve. Ndokusaka, kunyangwe zvakanakira, hazvizotsiva kukanda kana kugadzira. Ichavabatsira. Vanonyatso kwanisa kugadzira vadyidzani ndeavo vanogona kutarisa kudhirowa uye kuyera zvisina rusaruro sarudzo-shell mold kukanda kune mamwe majometri uye alloys, kuisa mari kune vamwe, CNC machining for prototypes uye yakasimba-kushivirira maficha, uye hongu, simbi yehupfu kune iyo yakakwirira-vhoriyamu, yakaoma-yakaumbwa zvikamu uko kuchengetedza zvinhu kwamambo. Ndiyo chaiyo-yepasirese ecosystem pane idzi upfu metallurgy zvigadzirwa tsvaga kukosha kwazvo.
