Kana vanhu vazhinji vakanzwa 'powder metallurgy technology', vanobva vangoona magiya ari nyore akatsikirirwa-ne-sintered. Ndizvo zvinhu zvekupinda-level, the commodity end. Iko kudzika chaiko, uye uko kushushikana uye kunakidzwa kunotanga, iri mune alloy dhizaini, iyo post-kugadzirisa, uye kutonga gaka pakati peiyo yakakwana lab sampu uye kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zviuru gumi izvo zvese zvinoda kurova chaiyo density uye kusimba simba. Hakusi kungoita chimiro; iri engineering microstructure kubva pasi zvichikwira.
Iyo Alloy Haisi Ingori Formula
Unogona kutenga akajairwa iron-copper-carbon mixes kubva pasherufu, uye anozoshanda 80% yezvakajairika application. Asi kana mutengi achida Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) inouya nechikumbiro chechikamu chinoda kutsungirira kupisa kwepamusoro-soro mune pombi yemakemikari, mutambo unoshanduka. Kumashure kwavo mune yakakosha alloy investment casting zvinoreva kuti vanonzwisisa zvinhu zvivakwa pakadzika nhanho. Hurukuro yacho inochinja kubva pane yakachipa hupfu kuenda kune isu tinodzokorora sei kuita kweyakagadzirwa nickel-based alloy, asi net-shape mukana wePM?
Apa ndipo apo pre-alloyed powders maringe ne elemental blends inova sarudzo yakakosha. Ne nickel-based systems, kuenda kune pre-alloyed nzira inokupa homogeneity, asi hupfu hwakaoma, hushoma kumanikidzika. Iwe unotengeserana nekutsikirira kuri nyore kune zvingangoita zvinowirirana sintering mhedzisiro. Takapedza mavhiki tichibatanidza mapercentendi emafuta uye compaction pressure kuti tingowana imwe 0.1 g/cm3 mugreen density pane yakaoma pre-alloyed Inconel analogue. Dzimwe nguva, mhinduro haisi mupepanhau, asi mukusarudza nzira yakasanganiswa-musimboti weupfu hwakakanyiwa neyakagadziridzwa binder system, iyo inounza yayo yega seti yezvinetso panguva yekubvisa.
Mamiriro ekupisa anova akakosha. Iyo yakapfava endothermic gasi haigadzike kune aya alloys. Tiri kutaura high-vacuum kana ultra-high-purity hydrogen furnaces, ine chaiyo tembiricha ramps kudzora carbide kunaya. Tora mwero wekutonhodza zvisizvo, uye unopedzisira wava nechikamu icho michina yakaita segirazi-inoputika, ichibvarura zvimedu, ichiparadza inodhura CNC machining muchikamu chemashure-sinter machining icho makambani akaita seQSY aizowanzobata. Inzvimbo ye handoff apo PM process kukanganisa inove yeumwe munhu machining musoro.
Density: The Eternal Chase
Iyo holy grail yakazara density, kana padhuze sezvaungagona kutengeserana kuwana. Kune zvikamu zvezvimiro, kunyanya izvo zvinotsiva forgings, porosity muvengi wekusimba kuneta kwesimba. Kudzvanya kaviri uye kaviri sintering (DPDS) ndiyo mhinduro yebhuku, asi inowedzera mutengo uye kutenderera nguva. Takave nekubudirira kwakawanda, mune dzimwe nguva, nekudziya compaction tichishandisa polima-yakavharwa poda. Iyo hupfu inoyerera zvirinani, inotakura zvakanyanya kufanana mukufa kwakaoma-funga nezve maumbirwo akaomarara anogoneka mukukandira kwekudyara kunoitwa neQSY, asi nehupfu hwesimbi. Density kusvetuka kubva mukamuri tembiricha kusvika 130 ° C compaction inogona kuve yakakosha, dzimwe nguva 0.2-0.3 g/cm3, iyo inoshandura zvakananga kune zvirinani zvivakwa.
Ipapo kune simbi jekiseni molding (MIM), iro rinongova bazi re upfu metallurgy tekinoroji. Iyo inokuwana iwe pedyo-yakazara density uye inoshamisa chimiro kuomarara, kukwikwidza kuisa mari. Asi debinding denderedzwa inhamo kana isina kudzorwa zvakakwana. Ndakaona batch rese resimbi isina Stainless MIM zvikamu blister nekuti iyo solvent debind yaive yakanyanyisa, ichiteya gasi rakawedzera panguva yekunyungudika. Mutengo wokukundikana ikoko wakanga usiri hupfu chete; yakanga iri nguva yakarasika mukutenderera kwechoto kunomhanya kwemaawa makumi maviri+.
Post-sintering mashandiro senge inopisa isostatic kudzvanya (HIP) inogona kuporesa porosity yemukati, asi idanho rekutanga. Iwe hausi HIP a $2 chikamu. Yakachengeterwa aerospace kana mishonga yekurapa. Muti wesarudzo unogara uchiuya pasi kune chinodiwa chekuita maringe nemutengo wedenga. Basa rangu rakawanda kufambisa muti iwoyo nemutengi.
Kana PM Anosangana neMachining: Iyo Interface
Iyi ndiyo mharadzano yakakosha, inowanzofuratirwa. Zvishoma zvishoma zvikamu zvePM zviri zvechokwadi net-chimiro. Iwe unogara uchida chechipiri oparesheni: saizi, coining, kana machining. Iyo porosity inoshandura kuti zvinhu zvinocheka sei. Zvinoita abrasive. Haifambisi kupisa kubva pakucheka sesimbi yakasimba. Isu tinoshanda padhuze nevadyidzani vemuchina-uye kambani ine QSY makumi matatu emakore eCNC machining hunyanzvi ibhodhi rakakosha rekuridza-kugadzira paramita.
Semuenzaniso, kugadzira sintered simbi flange. Kana iyo density isina kuenzana, chishandiso chinosangana nekupikisa kwakasiyana, zvichikonzera kutaura uye kupera kwakashata kwepamusoro. Isu takanga tine nyaya apo maCNC machinist ainyunyuta nezve kukurumidza kupfeka chishandiso. Dambudziko rakanga risiri giredhi rekushandisa; yakanga iri diki density gradient kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi pechikamu chakatsikirirwa, chinokonzerwa nehupfu husina kuenzana huzadza mufa. Iyo gadziriso yaive kugadzira patsva bhutsu yekudyisa kufamba uye pamwe nekuwedzera pre-musanganiswa nhanho yekupwanya poda agglomerates. Ndiwo madiki maitirwo emashoko anopatsanura chikamu chinogona kushandiswa kubva kune chakavimbika.
Dzimwe nguva, mhinduro yakanakisa ndeyekugadzira chikamu kudzikisa machining. Siya nzvimbo ine sintered paunogona, tsanangura machining mvumo iyo inokonzeresa sintering shrinkage musiyano. Iko kubatanidzwa-kugadzira kuedza pakati pePM mainjiniya uye machinist, kwete inoteedzana handoff.
Iyo Special Alloys Niche uye Real-World Compromises
Basa reQSY necobalt uye nickel-based alloys mukukanda rinoenderana zvakananga. Izvi zvinhu zvinowanzotsvakwa PM zvekupfeka uye yakakwirira-tembiricha application. Asi hupfu hweizvi hunodhura, uye sintering hwindo rakamanikana. Kunyanya kupisa, iwe unowana yakawandisa zviyo kukura uye eutectic zvikamu zvinonetesa chikamu; yakanyanyisa, uye haina kunyungudutswa zvizere.
Takaedza cobalt-chromium alloy yechigaro chevharuvhu. Miedzo yeLab yakanga ichivimbisa. Asi mukugadzira, kuchengetedza iyo chaiyo kabhoni inogoneka mumhepo inopisa mukati memuto mukuru wechoto zvaisaita. Zvikamu zvemumapendero echikepe zvainyura zvakasiyana nezviri pakati. Zvakaguma nei? Kusaenderana kuoma. Zvimwe zvigaro zvaizosakara nemwedzi, zvimwe zvaitora makore. Mutengi, zvinonzwisisika, akadzokera kune yakagadziriswa uye yakagadzirwa mhinduro. Kukundikana ikoko kwakandidzidzisa kuti kune mamwe ma-alloys epamusoro-soro, PM's process sensitivity inogona kudarika mukana wayo wehupfumi kunze kwekunge uine lab-level control pane fekitori pasi, iyo isingawanzo hupfumi.
Nyaya dzekubudirira dziripo, hongu. Masimbi emidziyo akagadzirwa kuburikidza nePM, senge CPM mamakisi, akakwirira kune avo akajairwa akakandwa mamwe nekuda kwekunaka, yunifomu carbide kugovera. Ndiko kukunda kwehunyanzvi. Asi kuhwina kwakavakirwa pane chaiyo midziyo uye kuziva-sei, kwete generic press.
Kutarisa Mberi: Zviri Nezve Kubatanidzwa, Kwete Kungoumba
Ramangwana re upfu metallurgy tekinoroji, mukuona kwangu, ishoma nezvekugadzira giya uye zvimwe nezve kugadzira yakasarudzika zvinhu. Funga nezvekuwedzera kugadzira-yakanyanya layer-ne-layer PM. Kana kubatanidzwa kweamorphous simbi poda muzvikamu zvakawanda. Musimboti wakafanana: tora discrete particles woasanganisa kuita yakasimba yakasimba.
Zvidzidzo kubva kune yechinyakare PM - kubata hupfu, kudzora mhepo, shrinkage manejimendi - zvese zvinoshanda zvakananga kune idzi minda mitsva. Makambani anozobudirira ndeaya anonzwisisa zvinhu zvesainzi, kwete kungotsikirira mechanics. Mafemu ane nheyo uye machining nhaka, seQSY, ane gumbo kumusoro nekuti anoona hupenyu hwese: kubva pambiru kusvika pakupera, inoshanda chikamu. Ivo vanonzwisisa kuti sintering curve yakakosha seye machining feed rate.
Kune ani nani anopinda mune izvi, zano rangu nderekuwana maoko-paupfu. Inzwa kuyerera kwayo. Tarisa iyo sintered microstructure pasi pemaikorosikopu padivi peiyo mechanical test data. Batanidza tuma pores aunoona nekuneta kwekutsemuka kwepamusoro. Iyo tekinoroji yeruzivo, uko 1% shanduko mune yemaitiro parameter inogona kutungamira kune 10% shanduko mukuita. Ndiro dambudziko rinogara riripo, uye kufarira kwaro chaiko.
