Kana iwe ukanzwa 'chaiyo simbi yekukanda', pfungwa zhinji dzinosvetuka dzakananga kukudyara kwekudyara. Izvo hazvina kuipa, asi inzvimbo yekutanga iyo inowanzopotsa sango nekuda kwemiti. Iyo chaiyo chaiyo haisi yezita rekuita chete; ndeyese ecosystem yekutonga-kubva kune alloy's melt fingerprint kusvika kune yekupedzisira kushivirira kwemuchina. Ndakaona mapurojekiti akawandisa achimira nekuti mumwe munhu akatsanangura 'chaizvo kukanda' padhirowa pasina kutsanangura kuti izvo zvairevei pakuita kwechikamu chavo. Kwakanga kuri kupedzwa kwepamusoro here? The dimensional kugadzikana pasi pekupisa? Iko kuenderana kune batch yezvimedu gumi? Kusajeka ikoko ndiko kunozvarwa matambudziko.
Iyo Shell Game: Kupfuura Ingori Jecha
Tora shell mold casting. Inopinzwa mukati nekukandira jecha kwakapfava dzimwe nguva, asi izvo hazvina basa. Iyo chaiyo pano inobva kune resin-bonded jecha mold pachayo. Zvakaoma. Kuomarara ikoko kunoreva kushomeka kwemadziro emadziro kufamba panguva yekudira, izvo zvinoshandura zvakananga kune nani dimensional kutendeka. Hatisi kutaura nezve kubata +/- 0.005 inches panzvimbo yega yega-iyo ndeyekudyara-asi kune mamwe majeometri, kunyanya akakura, akapfava zvikamu, zvinogona kuenderana zvinoshamisa uye zvisingadhuri. The trick kuziva nguva yekuishandisa. Ndinoyeuka bhuraketi repombi inorema, iri nyore asi ine maburi maviri akakosha. Kukandira jecha regirini kwakatipa misiyano yakawandisa mumakomba ane cored, zvichitungamira kune ine hutsinye yekumisikidza machining nguva. Kuchinjira kushell mold yakagadzirisa core shift nyaya inenge yese. Mutengo weforoma wakanga wakakwira, asi takachengeta yakawanda mukushanda kwemichina nemarara. Icho chinhu chinoshanda kunyatsokandira simbi chisarudzo.
Ikoko shell mold inogona kukuruma iwe uri pamusoro pekupedzisira tarisiro. Iwe uchawana kupedzisa kwakanaka, zviri nani kupfuura jecha rakajairwa, asi rine hunhu hwezviyo. Kana iyo spec ichida pristine, as-cast kupera yakagadzirira plating, unogona kuodzwa mwoyo. Kazhinji inoda kuputika kwechiedza kana machining. Ndakadzidza kuti nenzira yakaoma pachirongwa chekutanga, ndichifunga kuti mutengi aizonzwisisa 'se-cast' kutarisa. Havana kudaro. Iye zvino, kutarisira iyo tarisiro chikamu chekuongorora kwekutanga.
Sarudzo yezvinhu inotamba zvakare. Isu tinomhanyisa yakawanda ductile iron uye kabhoni simbi kuburikidza nemateko mold pachitoro chedu. Iyo nzira inobata kuvhunduka kwekupisa kweferrous alloys zvakanaka. Asi ini ndaona kuyedza kumhanya yakakwira-nickel alloys kuburikidza nekuseta kwakafanana, uye hunhu hwekupisa hwakasiyana-zvinogona kutungamira mukupisa kubvarura kana gating uye kutonhora zvisina kugadziridzwa. Ndiyo nuance. Maitiro harisi bhatani raunodzvanya; ndiyo seti yezvipimo zvinoroora zvinhu kune mold.
Investment Casting: Sarudzo Yepachena, Ine Yakavanzwa Yakaoma
Investment casting ndiyo poster yemwana kunyatsokandira simbi, uye nokuda kwechikonzero chakanaka. Iyo Ceramic shell yakaumbwa yakatenderedza wax patani inokupa iyo yakanakisa kupedzisa kwepamusoro uye kugona kubata zvakanaka. Asi 'precision' pano haisi yega. Nzira yewakisi pachayo ndiyo inogona kuita kuti isanduke. Kana majekiseni emajekiseni ewakisi asina kuvharirwa pasi - tembiricha, kudzvanywa, chiyero chekutonhodza - chimiro chemaitiro chinozunguzika, uye kuzununguka ikoko kunodzokororwa mugoko rega rega uye kwese kwekupedzisira kukanda. Ndapedza mavhiki ndichifona muhurongwa hwewakisi hwemhuri itsva. Iri kunetesa, basa rekutanga risingataridzike kunaka asi rinotarisa zvese zvinotevera.
Ipapo pane chivakwa chegoko. Iyo majasi edhipi, iyo stucco application. Iro basa remaoko, rehunyanzvi kunyangwe munzvimbo yemazuva ano. Hunyanzvi hwenyanzvi inoshandisa iyo yekutanga slurry jasi inonyanya kukosha pakutora zvakadzama. Kunyanya kuonda, uye unoisa pangozi kutadza kwegoko kana kupinda kwesimbi. Yakanyanya kukora, uye unogona kurasikirwa nemakona akapinza. Takamboita nyaya nemadziro matete pasimbi isina tsvina. Mapatani ewakisi aive akanaka, asi simbi 'yaisuka' ceramic mune dzimwe nzvimbo panguva yekudirwa. Mhinduro yakanga isiri simba rakaipa; yakanga iri kugadzirisa viscosity yekutanga slurry jasi uye giredhi reiyo stucco zvinhu kuti ivake yakasimba, asi ichiri chaiyo, yekutanga layer. Uku ndiko kuwanda kwekutonga kunotsanangura kurongeka chaiko.
Uye shrinkage. Wese munhu anoziva nezve linear shrinkage mvumo, asi kupindirana pakati peiyo alloy uye ceramic goko panguva yekutonhora kunogadzira zvipingaidzo. Kune chikamu chakaoma, iyo alloy haina kuderera zvakafanana. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kune kusara kunetseka kana, mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa, kupisa kunopisa. Isu tinoshanda nezvakawanda simbi isina tsvina uye alloys anokosha akafanana cobalt-based alloys nokuda kwekugadzirisa valve. Zvishandiso izvi zvine zvazvo zvakasarudzika shrinkage maitiro uye simba-pa-tembiricha macurves. Iyo gating sisitimu inofanirwa kugadzirwa kwete kungodyisa simbi, asi kubvumira kukanda kuderera nekushomeka kushoma kubva kugoko. Kutamba pakati pe geometry, metallurgy, uye ceramic sainzi. Kudururwa kwakakundikana pane inodhura nickel-alloy component inokudzidzisa zvakawanda nezvekutamba ikoko kupfuura chero bhuku rekuverenga.
Iyo Machining Handshake: Iko Kukandira Precision kunoratidzwa
Hapana nhaurirano ye kunyatsokandira simbi inokwana pasina kubata machining. Havana kupatsanurwa. Kukandira kunogona kuve kwakanaka paCMM, asi kana ikashaya machinability kana iine kuomarara kusingaenderane, ihusiku pane CNC pasi. Apa ndipo panowanikwa mashandiro akabatanidzwa, senge atakavaka mumakore apfuura, anoratidza kukosha kwawo. Mhinduro yemhinduro ipfupi. Kana timu yekugadzira ikaona kuti madhiri ekudhirowa ari kupera nekukurumidza pane batch yekukanda, vanogona kufamba vachidzokera kune yekutanga uye isu tinogona kutarisa iyo microstructure. Kutonhora kwakadzimwa here? Pane isingatarisirwi carbide formation mukupisa uku kwe simbi yakakandwa?
Ndinoyeuka chikamu che hydraulic block. Kukandira kwekudyara kwaive padhuze-neti-chimiro, asi yaive nemaburi matanhatu akadzika, chaiwo-kushivirira aifanira kudhiriwa nekutepwa. Mabhechi mashoma ekutanga akagadzirwa zvakanaka. Ipapo, batch idzva rakatanga kukonzera kuputsika kwepombi. Zviyero zvekukanda zvaive zvakafanana. Nyaya yakadzokera kumashure kudiki mutsauko mune phosphorus yemukati yesimbi isina simbi feedstock, iyo yakaita kuti zvinhu zvive 'stringier' uye kushoma hushamwari pakubata. Iyo gadziriso yaive diki chemistry kugadzirisa uye tweak kune annealing cycle post-casting. Pasina kudzora cheni yese, unenge uchingotumira kunze macasting ayo mutengi wako aisakwanisa kugadzira nemakina, zvichikanganisa hukama. Precision mhedzisiro yakaunzwa, kwete chete mamiriro ekutumira.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero makambani anosanganisa kukanda uye machining pasi pedenga rimwe, senge Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), vane mukana wekuzvarwa wezvikamu zvakakosha. Vashanda kweanopfuura makore makumi matatu, vanonzwisisa kuti handoff kubva muchoto kuenda kuCNC haisi kutengeserana; kuenderera mberi. Iyo machinist inodiwa yeyakagadzika, inofanotaurwa base zvinhu inozivisa zvakananga maitiro eiyo foundryman. Paunenge uchitarisana nazvo special alloys izvo zviri zviviri zvinodhura uye zvakaoma kuita muchina, kubatanidzwa uku hakusi kweumbozha; chinhu chinodiwa kuti uwane yakavimbika, inodhura-inoshanda kunyatsokandira simbi zvabuda.
Nyaya ndiyo Mharidzo
Iwe haugone kutaura nemazvo pasina kutaura zvinhu. Iyo alloy haingori chinhu chemutsara pane imwe pepa; inoraira maitiro ese. Simbi uye simbi isina tsvina kuita zvakasiyana muforoma. Stainless, ine nzvimbo yakakwirira yekunyungudika uye kunyungudika kwakasiyana, kazhinji inoda tembiricha yakakwira yekudurura uye nekuchenjera dhizaini yekugezera kudzivirira mistruns kana oxide inclusions. Iyo inonzi 'special alloys'-iyo nickel-based uye cobalt-based alloys- imwe nyika. Ivo vanowanzodururirwa sevhisi yakanyanyisa: tembiricha yakakwira, ngura yakakwira, kusapfeka. Dambudziko ravo rechokwadi rinowanzova pamusoro pekuvimbika. Porosity mune mwero wakakodzera inogona kugamuchirwa; mujeti injini yeturbine blade yakakandwa kubva kune nickel superalloy, injodzi.
Takashanda pane chimwe chikamu chepombi yekugadzira makemikari, inotsanangurwa mu duplex simbi isina tsvina. Kudzivisa ngura ndiko kwaive kwakakosha. Iwo ekutanga akakandira akasangana nedimensional specs asi akakundikana mukuora bvunzo. Dambudziko? Iyo ferrite-austenite chikamu chiyero chakadzimwa nekuti mwero wekutonhodza kuburikidza neyakaomarara tembiricha yaisadzorwa zvakasimba zvakakwana mugomba receramic. Kuwana 'chaiyo' kwaireva kutonga iyo metallurgical chimiro, kwete chimiro chekunze chete. Isu taifanira kushandura iyo shell kuumbwa kuti ichinje zvishoma yayo inodzivirira zvivakwa uye kushandisa inodzorwa kutonhora protocol post-kudira. Yakawedzera nhanho, asi yaive nzira chete yekusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushanda kwezvinhu, icho chaive chinangwa chechokwadi chekukandwa chaiko.
Apa ndipo panopinda generic foundries pamadziro. Kubata exotic materials hakusi kwekungova nechoto chinogona kusvika pakupisa. Iri pamusoro peruzivo rwekuti iyo alloy inoomesa sei, mabatiro ainoita neakasiyana mold zvinhu, uye ndeapi post-casting kupisa kwekurapa kunodiwa kuburitsa zvinodiwa. Izivo yakadzama, yakasarudzika inovaka nekufamba kwemakore, kazhinji kuburikidza nekuedza nekukanganisa. Iwe unodzidza kuti ndeapi alloys anowanzo kune micro-shrinkage, ayo anoda inopisa isostatic press (HIP) kutenderera senzira yakajairwa kudonha chero mukati meporosity. Ruzivo irworwo chikamu chakakosha cheiyo equation chaiyo.
Chiyero Chaicho: Kuenderana muBhuku
Pakupedzisira, muedzo mukuru we a kunyatsokandira simbi process haisi imwechete yakakwana prototype. Ndiyo chidimbu chechi500 mukumhanya kwekugadzira chiri kuita seyekutanga. Kudzokorora ndimambo. Apa ndipo panopinda magwaro ekudzora mashandiro, zvirongwa zvekuongorora zvakasimba, uye kudzora kwenhamba (SPC). Zvishoma nezvehunyanzvi uye zvimwe nezvesainzi. Kuongorora kutaridzika kwegedhi rekugezesa zuva nezuva, kutarisa chiyero chewakisi nemageji ekuenda/asina-kuenda pamashure mashoma ega ega, kuita ongororo dzinoparadza nguva nenguva pamuenzaniso wekukandwa kuti utarise kunaka kwemukati.
Isu tinopa zvikamu zvakakandwa zveautomotive transmission assembly. Iro vhoriyamu yakakwira, kushivirira kwakasimba, uye mutengo wekutadza wakakura. Iyo chaiyo pano inotsanangurwa neiyo CPK tsika pane dzakakomba zviyero. Kuti urove nhamba idzodzo nguva dzose, shanduko yega yega mucheni inofanirwa kutariswa uye kudzorwa. Iyo tembiricha yesimbi isati yadururwa, iyo pre-kupisa tembiricha yezviumbwa, ambient humidity mugoko rekuomesa mukamuri (inokanganisa kuomesa mitengo). Ihurongwa.
Paunoshanda newaunoshanda naye like QSY, makore avo 30 ekugadzira uye kugadzira anoturikira kuva masisitimu akagadziridzwa, akakwenenzverwa emhando iyi yehuwandu hwehuwandu. Ivo vanogona kunge vaona nzira dzekutadza, vakavaka macheki, uye vanonzwisisa mutengo wekurega paramende ichidonha. Kune mutengi, iyo nhoroondo yemaitiro maturity inowanzokosha kupfuura muchina mutsva unopenya. Zvinoreva mashura mashoma. Uye mukugadzira, hapana nhau inhau dzakanaka. Kuendesa batch mushure mebatch inongokwana uye inoshanda-ndicho chokwadi chinyararire, chisina kunaka cheindasitiri-giredhi. kunyatsokandira simbi. Hazvisi zvekugadzira shasha imwe chete; ndezvekugadzira zviuru gumi zvakafanana, zvinovimbika zvikamu izvo mumwe munhu anogona kuvaka chigadzirwa chavo pasina kufunga kechipiri.
