Paunonzwa 'shell molding simbi yekukanda chikamu', vazhinji vanofunga kuti ingori imwe jecha mutsauko wekukanda. Ndiyo yekutanga kusanzwisisa. Imhuka yakasarudzika, ine yayo seti yemitemo, quirks, uye kupera kwepamusoro kunogona kukunyengedza kuti ufunge kuti yakatogadzirwa kare. Nyaya chaiyo haisi mubhurocha rinopenya zvirevo; iri mukubata kwejecha rakasungirirwa resin, kuvhunduka kwekupisa panguva yekudururwa, uye iyo yakavanzika warpage inongoratidzira mushure mekucheka kwekutanga. Ndakaona akawanda madhizaini achitadza nekuti vakaibata senge yekudonhedza-in kutsiva yekukanda mari kana jecha rakasvibira. Inogara panzvimbo inotapira-chaiyo kupfuura yakajairwa kukanda jecha, isingadhure pane kuzara kwekudyara kune mamwe majiometri, asi iine dhizaini yayo chaiyo yezvido zvekugadzira. Inzira inopa mubayiro chiitiko, uye inoranga fungidziro.
Iyo Shell Maitirwo: Ipi Theory Inosangana neShop Floor
Iro bhuku rinoita kuti rinzwike rakananga: gadzira simbi inopisa, durura jecha rakavharwa pairi, rega ganda riite, riporese. Chokwadi kutamba kwematembiricha uye nguva. Iyo phenolic resin inofukidza jecha haingori bhainda; kupora kwayo kunoraira ukobvu hwegoko uye kusimba. Kana tembiricha yako yemhando isingaenderane - taura, yakaoma core box chikamu madhigirii mashoma anotonhorera - iwe unowana isina simba nzvimbo. Iyo nzvimbo isina simba inogona kubata panguva yekubata, asi inokundikana pasi pesimba referrostatic resimbi yakanyungudutswa, zvichikonzera kupera kana kupera. Iko kukundikana iwe kazhinji haugone kuona kusvika iwe wazunza kunze kwekukanda.
Simbi, kunyanya yakaderera-alloy kana kabhoni mamakisi akajairika mumiviri yevharuvhu kana mabhuraketi ezvimiro, inosuma imwe shanduko: kupisa. Kudurura 1500 ° C+ simbi mugoko rakatetepa, resin-yakasungirirwa kunoita kuora kukuru kwekupisa. Iwo magasi anofanira kupukunyuka, kana iwe unowana porosity. Ndiko uko iyo venting dhizaini pane iyo pateni uye mumusimboti musangano inove yakakosha. Hakusi kungoboora makomba; ndiko kunzwisisa nzira yekuyerera kwegasi kubva panguva iyo simbi inorova mold kusvika pakusimba. Ndinoyeuka rimwe basa repombi, kwataigara tichiwana maburi ari pasi pevhu pedyo neflange. Mhinduro yacho yanga isiri maventi akawanda, asi kuisazve iyo yekutanga ingate kuti ichinje simbi inoyerera kumberi, ichibvumira magasi kusundirwa kumberi kune mavheti aripo pane kuvharirwa.
Apa ndipo panoratidza kurarama kwenguva refu kwea foundry. Kambani yakadai Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), nemakumi matatu emakore ekukanda, yaizove neraibhurari yakadzika yepateni uye gating system inogadziridzwa yeyakajairwa geometries. Irwo ruzivo rwakadzikama-kuziva kuti imwe madziro ukobvu kune a goko rekuumba simbi yekukanda chikamu inoda dhizaini rakasiyana zvishoma pane iyo CAD modhi inoratidza kuti ive nechokwadi chakafanana kuburitswa-ndicho chinoparadzanisa chikamu chinoshanda kubva kune-yakakwirira-goho, yakakwira-kutendeseka. Unogona kuzviwana pa https://www.tsingtaocnc.com - ruzivo rwavo mukati megoko uye kukanda kwekudyara zvinoreva kuti vanonzwisisa kutengeserana pakati pemaitiro semusikirwo.
Sarudzo Yezvinhu: Haisi Chete Simbi
Kutsanangura simbi inzira yakanaka yekuwana chikamu chinogona kushanda, asi kwete zvakakwana. Iyo shell process inobata huwandu, asi imwe neimwe inoita zvakasiyana. Carbon steels se1020 kana 1030 inoregerera, asi kune zvikamu zvinoda simba rakawanda senge loader linkage components, unosvetukira ku4130 kana 4140. Ndipo apo pre-heating molds inova yakawanda kupfuura kurudziro; zvinosungirwa kudzivirira kutsemuka kubva nekukurumidza zvakanyanya kutonhora mwero. Kudzima uye kupisa kunowanzo tevera kukanda kunofanirwa kuverengerwa mune yekutanga patani dhizaini kuti igamuchire kukanganisa kunofungidzirwa.
Ipapo iwe une mamakisi asina tsvina. 304, 316 - zvikumbiro zvakajairwa zvekugadzirisa corrosion-resistant fittings. Chinonetsa apa ndechekuyerera kwesimbi uye kuderera. Stainless haiyerere kunge kabhoni simbi, uye inodhonza yakawanda sezvainoomesa. Kana hurongwa hwako hwekudyisa (risimu) husina hukuru uye hwakaiswa nenzira kwayo kune chaiyo alloy, unopedzisira wava ne shrinkage cavities. Ndakaona batch ye316L pombi flanges paive nepakati hub yainzwika, asi denderedzwa rebhaudhi raive nediki-shrinkage, zvichitungamira mukudonha pasi pekumanikidzwa. Kugadziriswa kwacho kwaive kuwedzera kudiki, hunyanzvi kutonhora kune goko mold kuti igadzirise kusimba, iyo tweak yakabva mukuyambuka-referencing ine yakafanana nickel-based alloy maitiro.
Kutaura nezve alloys akakosha, ndiko uko maitiro anogona kunyatso kupenya kana kuve hope dzinotyisa. Kutaurwa kweQSY kwekushanda necobalt uye nickel-based alloys iri kutaura. Idzi dzinowanzo shandiswa muzvikamu zvakakomba zvesevhisi-vharuvhu yekucheka kwemafuta ekupisa & gasi, kana mahwendefa ekupfeka mumigodhi. Nzvimbo yavo yekunyungudika yakakwira, chemistry yavo inonzwa. Iyo shell mold inofanira kunge yakaoma zvachose (chero mwando unokonzera hydrogen pickup uye embrittlement), uye nzira yekudira inofanira kukurumidza uye isina mhirizhonga kudzivirira kuumbwa kwe slag. Iko kukanda kwepamusoro-soro. Kuwana inzwi goko rekuumba simbi yekukanda chikamu muMonel kana Hastelloy chiratidzo chekugona kuwanikwa.
The Dimensional Tightrope: Precision vs. Reality
Iyo yakashambadzirwa kushivirira kwekuumbwa kwegoko kazhinji ± 0.005 in./in. kana nani. Izvo zvinogoneka, asi kukosha kwezita pane imwe ndege iri nyore. Iyo chaiyo dhizaini kuchengetedza iyo mhiri kwakaomarara mutsara wekuparadzanisa, kana pane maficha akaumbwa neakakosha maassemblies. Iyo shell mold pachayo yakaoma, izvo zvakanaka, asi maitiro ekubatanidza maviri magoko mahafu pamwe neanonamatira ndiyo inogona kukanganisa kunobva. Yakanyanya kunamira, uye inosvina mugomba, ichigadzira kupenya. Kusarongeka nehafu yemirimita kunobikwa mukati.
Takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma pakumhanya kwemabhuraketi egiyabhokisi. Iyo CAD modhi yaive yakakwana, iyo pateni yaive CNC-yakagadzirwa kuti itaure. Asi mapini ekutsvaga pachokushandisa akanga apera zvishoma. Mhedzisiro yaive yekuwedzeredza kusarongeka pakati pemabhoti akaboora cores mumahafu maviri. Kukandwa kwacho kwakapfuura kuongororwa kwekutanga kwekuona, asi panguva yekugadzira, chibooreso chaizotyoka nekuti mabhomba aive asiri pakati. Kurasikirwa kwacho kwakanga kusiri kungokandwa; yaive nguva yekugadzira uye maturusi. Mhinduro yaive yakaomesesa maturusi ekugadzirisa hurongwa uye shanduko kune ceramic alignment pini yemabasa akakosha.
Uku kuwirirana pakati pekukanda uye kugadzira kwakakosha. A foundry inopa integrated CNC machining, sezvinoita QSY, ine mukana mukuru. Machinist avo vanoona kutsauka kunodzokororwa ivo pachavo-pamwe madziro akatarisana nemutsetse wekuparadzanisa anogara aine +0.3mm yekuwedzera stock. Mhinduro iyoyo inoenda yakananga kuchitoro chemaitiro kuti igadziriswe pane inotevera tooling iteration. Inovhara loop. Paunobva a goko rekuumba simbi yekukanda chikamu kubva kumutengesi akadaro, hausi kungotenga yekukanda; uri kutenga ndangariro dzavo dzesangano kuti chikamu ichocho chinozvibata sei kubva patani kusvika paguyo.
Kana Zvakaipa: Kukundikana Kuongorora seChishandiso
Haasi basa rose rinofamba zvakanaka. Vedzidzo ndivo vakafoira. Paive nechikamu che hydraulic manifold, diki asi gobvu block ine mukati mechani. Nyaya yacho yaive 8620, sarudzo yakajairika. Mienzaniso yekutanga yaitaridzika zvakanaka, yakachena nzvimbo. Asi kuyedzwa kwekumanikidza kwakaratidza kuvuza. Radiography yakaratidza network yakanaka, yakabatana porosity mukati mezvikamu zvakakora. Classic microporosity. Mupari wemhosva? Iyo shell mold, kune zvese zvayakanakira, inotonhodza simbi nekukurumidza kupfuura hombe yegirinhi jecha. Muzvikamu zvakakora, izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kumadziva ega emvura anobatwa panguva yekusimba, asingakwanisi kudya.
Taifanira kugadzira patsva chikamu chacho. Kwete iyo inoshanda dhizaini, asi yekukanda dhizaini. Takawedzera mbabvu dzekunze dzakajeka-kwete zvekusimba, asi kuita sezvimbi zvinotonhorera kukurudzira kusimba kwakafanana. Isu takachinjawo gedhi kuti tidyise chikamu chakakora kubva pazasi. Zvakashanda. Iyo yekutora yaive yekuti kuumbwa kwegomba dzimwe nguva kunoda kuti iwe ugadzirire maitiro ane hukasha kupfuura dzimwe nzira, kunyangwe zvichireva kuwedzera giramu kana maviri esimbi munzvimbo dzisiri dzakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi.
Kumwe kukundikana kwakajairika, kusinganzwisisike kupinda kwesimbi. Simbi haipindi mujecha, asi kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kuputsa resin binder pane mold-metal interface, ichibvumira simbi yemvura kuti ipinde mujecha tsanga. Inogadzira nzvimbo yakakasharara, yakabatana iyo inotyisa kumuchina. Inowanzoitika muhomwe dzakadzika, dzakamanikana kana pazasi pe-down-sprue impacts. Kugadziriswa kunowanzo mujecha rejecha-saizi yakatsetseka yezviyo kana kuti rakasiyana resin resin kune iyo chaiyo nzvimbo yemuenzaniso. Iri ruzivo rwaunongoona chete nekucheka zvimedu zvekukanda uye kutarisa se-yakakandwa pamusoro pasi pekukudza.
Iyo Economic Equation: Sei Shell, Sei Kwete Chimwe Chinhu?
Saka, riini kuumba ganda kunoita hupfumi? Haisati iri iyo yakachipa yepamberi yekushandisa sarudzo. Maitiro esimbi anodhura. Asi kune inomhanya kubva kumazana mashoma kusvika kumakumi ezviuru, inowanzokunda pamutengo wakakwana pachikamu. Iwe unochengetedza zvakanyanya pane machining nguva nekuda kweiyo padyo-neti chimiro uye yakanakisa kupera kwepamusoro (kazhinji 125-250 μin Ra as-cast). Unoderedza basa rekuchenesa mukamuri nekuti hapana jecha rinorema rinogogodza. Iyo dimensional consistency inoderedza zvimedu mune inotevera machining.
Zvienzanise nekuisa mari kwechinguvana. Kune yakaoma, yakatetepa-yakavakirwa turbine blade musimbi isina tsvina, investimendi ndimambo. Asi kune imwe yakasimba, chunky simbi yekukanda chikamu serori axle bracket kana marine cleat, kuumbwa kwegoko kunopa kurongeka kwakafanana pamutengo wakaderera-pa-kg yesimbi, uye nekukurumidza kutenderera nguva. Iyo sarudzo matrix inosanganisira chikamu saizi (shell yakanaka kune epakati saizi), kuomarara (yemukati macores akanaka), alloy, uye vhoriyamu.
Uku ndiko kutonga kunounzwa nemutengesi ane ruzivo. Tichitarisa chiyero cheQSY - kuumba magoko, kuisa mari, uye kugadzira - vakamisikidzwa kuti vape iro zano risina divi. Vanogona kutarisa kudhirowa voti, Kune iyi geometry muna 17-4PH, kudyara kungave kuri nani kune mazana mashanu ekutanga zvidimbu, asi kana vhoriyamu yako yepagore iri 5000, ngatigadzirire goko regoko. Kubvunzana ikoko kwakakosha sekukanda kwacho. Izvo zvinokutadzisa kubva pamusoro-injiniya maitiro kana kusarudza imwe inoshuvira kuve nematambudziko egoho. Pakupedzisira, kubudirira goko rekuumba simbi yekukanda chikamu Haisi yekungodira simbi yakanaka; ndezvekusarudza nhandare yehondo chaiyo kubva pakutanga, nehutsinye hwayo hwese, zvipingaidzo zvinoshanda zvinoonekwa zvizere.
