Kana vanhu vazhinji vakanzwa 'chikamu chesimbi isina tsvina,' vanofananidzira chimwe chinhu chinopenya, chinodzivirira ngura, uye kutaura chokwadi, zvishoma. Ndiyo yekutanga kusanzwisisa. Muchitoro chedu, ndipo panotangira mibvunzo zana. Giredhi ripi? Nokuda kwemhoteredzo ipi? Ndeupi mutengo chaiwo weti 'yemahara-machining'? Ndakaona madhirowa akawandisa achingoti 'stainless' uye anotisiya tichifembera, izvo zvinogara zvichitungamira kutemwa nemusoro — mungave mukugadzira kana mumunda. Hachisi chingori chinhu; kuzvipira kune imwe seti yezvivakwa, uye kuwana izvo zvisiri izvo zvinodhura.
Giredhi ndiro Blueprint
Iwe haugone kutaura nezve a chikamu chesimbi isina tsvina pasina kunyura mumakiredhi nekukasira. 304 maringe ne316 ihondo yemhando yepamusoro, asi yakareruka. Isu takagadzira batch ye sensor housings kubva ku304 kamwe kune yemahombekombe application. The spec yakati 'corrosion resistant.' Zvakadaro, kweinenge mwedzi misere. Ipapo pitting yakatanga. Mutengi akashatirwa, asi izvo zvaive zvisina kujeka. Isu tingadai takasundira kumashure, takakurudzira 316L yekuratidzwa kwechloride. Iye zvino tinokumbira pepa rezvakatipoteredza mberi. Hazvina kuoma; ndezvekuita kuti chikamu chipone basa rayo.
Ipapo pane machinability ngano. 303 inonzi 'yemahara-machining' nechikonzero, asi inouya nekutengesa-offs. Kudzivirirwa kwayo kwekuora hakuna kunaka se304, uye kune zvikamu zvinoda welding, isarudzo isina kunaka. Isu tinoishandisa kune yakakwirira-vhoriyamu, yakaoma chikamu chesimbi isina tsvina inomhanya uko sekondi yega yega paCNC inoverengera, asi chete mushure mekusimbisa hapana welding kana yakanyanya kuratidzwa kemikari inodiwa. Icho chiitiko chekuenzanisa pakati pekushanda kwechitoro uye kuita kwechikamu.
Kunyanya-kushushikana kana kudziya kwepamusoro-soro, tinoenda muzvikamu mazana mana kana kunaya-kuomesa mamakisi se17-4PH. Ndiwo mutambo wakasiyana chose. Kupisa kwekurapa kutenderera kwakakosha. Isu takambove nebatch ye17-4PH actuator maoko akabuda nekuomarara kusingaenderane nekuti kupisa kunobata oveni yemutengesi yaive nenzvimbo inotonhora. Zvikamu zvakapfuura nzvero yenguva dzose asi zvakakundikana mukuedzwa kwokuneta. Chidzidzo chacho? Kudzora iyo yese process ketani, kana kushanda nevadyidzani vanoita, hazvigone kutaurirana kune zvakakosha zvikamu.
Apo Casting Inosangana neMachining
Apa ndipo pane makambani ane ruzivo rwakadzama rwekutanga, senge Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), ivai nemupendero wakasiyana. Kwete zvose chikamu chesimbi isina tsvina inotanga sechivharo chakasimba pamubhedha weCNC. Kune ma geometries akaoma, kunyanya ayo ane mavhesi emukati kana organic maumbirwo, shell mold kana investment casting inowanzo chenjera. Iwe unosvika padhuze-net-chimiro, zvinoreva kushoma kutambisa zvinhu uye kure kure machining nguva. Makumi matatu avo ekukanda zvinoreva kuti vanonzwisisa kugadzira mold kuti ideredze shrinkage porosity in stainless - chirema chakajairika chinongoonekwa panguva yekupedzisira machining kana kumanikidzwa kuyedzwa.
Iyo handoff kubva pakukandira kuenda kumichina ndiyo nguva yekugadzira-kana-kupwanya. Iko kukanda kunopa iyo yakaoma fomu, asi iyo CNC machining inopa iyo chaiyo. Funga nezvemiviri yevharuvhu kana mapombi epombi. Chikamu chakakandwa chine nzira yekuyerera kwayo; basa reCNC rinogadzira nzvimbo dzekuisa chisimbiso, maburi ebhaudhi, uye nzvimbo dzakasimba-kushivirira. Kana iwo maviri maitiro ari pasi pedenga rimwe, senge paQSY, machinists anogona kupindura kune yekutanga timu ipapo. Batch iri ririkumhanya zvakanyanya pamaturusi, isu tinogona kugadzirisa annealing? Iko kubatanidzwa kunodzivirira zvinhu zvakawanda zvakaraswa uye nguva.
Ndinoyeuka chirongwa chekugadzira chikafu chakawanda. Mutengi aida imwe-chidimbu 316L chikamu chine akawanda akabatanidzwa madoko. Kuigaya kubva pakasimba kungadai kwakave 80% tsvina. Takashanda nechikwata chavo panzira yekutsvaga mari. Iyo yekutanga prototype yaive nediki warpage, ichirasa kure nekumisikidzwa kwechiteshi. Nekuda kwekuti timu yekugadzira yanga iri mulop imwechete, vakagadzirisa dhizaini kuti iverenge nezve warpage mukukanda, kuchengetedza batch. Yakanga iri mhinduro inongobva mukubatanidzwa kwakatwasuka.
Dhiyabhorosi muMachining Details
Machining Stainless haina kufanana nekugadzira simbi yakapfava. Inoshanda-inoomesa. Enda wakanyanya kunonoka neyakagomara chishandiso, uye iwe urikunyanya kugadzira kesi-yakaomeswa nzvimbo inoparadza yako inotevera chishandiso pass. Feed uye machati ekumhanya igwara, kwete bhaibheri. Sarudzo inotonhorera inokosha zvikuru. Isu tinosendamira kune yakakwira-lubricity synthetic inotonhorera kune isina tsvina. Chinangwa ndechekuchengeta iyo yakachekwa ichitonhorera uye kubudisa machipisi nekukurumidza kudzivirira zvakare-welding kune workpiece.
Tool geometry yakakosha. A positive rake, inopinza mupendero, uye yakavharwa carbide ndeye mwero kwatiri. Asi kune akadzika cavities kana kukanganiswa kucheka mu a chikamu chesimbi isina tsvina, ungangoda chishandiso chakasimba chine substrate yakaoma. Kuedza nguva dzose. Tine dhirowa rematurusi akaedzwa uye akatadza emamwe mabasa asina tsvina. Dhirowa iroro rinokosha kudarika bhuku ripi neripi.
Ipapo pane stress. Heavy machining inogona kukonzera kwasara kushushikana, zvichitungamira mukukanganisa gare gare, kunyanya muzvikamu zvakatetepa-zvakakomberedzwa. Isu tinotevedzana maoparesheni kuyedza uye kudzikamisa izvi zvinonetsa. Dzimwe nguva, roughing pass, anneal-relief anneal, ipapo kupedzisa ndiyo chete nzira yekubata kushivirira. Inononoka, asi ichokwadi. Kusvetuka nhanho iyo yekukurumidza kutendeuka garandi zvinoreva kuti iwe unenge uchigadzirisa chikamu kana chatsvedza pamutsetse wegungano remutengi.
Kukundikana iData Point
Munhu wese ane nyaya dzehondo. Imwe yedu yaisanganisira nhevedzano yeflanges yekemikari skid. Vakanga vakagadzirwa zvakanaka kubva ku316L bar stock, vakapfuura ongororo yedu yese. Mwedzi mushure mekugadzwa, takawana kudanwa: bvudzi rebvudzi rinotsemuka pedyo nemabhoti. Ongororo yekutadza yakaratidza chloride stress corrosion cracking. Mhoteredzo yakanga ine trace chlorides pakupisa kwepamusoro, dutu rakanaka. Izvo zvinhu zvaive zvehunyanzvi zvehunyanzvi, asi chikamu dhizaini chaive nepamusoro penzvimbo yekushushikana kushushikana. Iyo gadziriso yaive redesign yekudzikisa kushushikana kusimuka uye kuchinjika kune yepamusoro-giredhi duplex isina tsvina kune iyo batch. Chakanga chiri chidzidzo chine hutsinye mukufunga kwehurongwa-zvinhu, dhizaini, uye nharaunda yebasa inzira imwe.
Chimwe chiitiko chekudzidza chaive nekupedza kwepamusoro. Mutengi aida madhayamita emukati akatsetseka kuti ashandiswe zvine hutsanana. Takawana kupedzisa kukuru kweRa, asi iyo electropolishing sub-contractor haina kubvisa zvizere nhongonya dzema microscopic kubva panzira yekugadzira machining, ichisiya nzvimbo dzechiteshi chebhakitiriya. Iye zvino isu tinotsanangura kwete nhamba yeRa chete, asi nzira yekupolisha uye kunyangwe kutevedzana kweabrasive kana iyo application iine hanya. Chikamu hachina kuitwa kudzamara chashanda munyika yayakada.
Kukundikana uku kunokumanikidza kutarisa kunze kwekudhinda. Vanokuita kuti ubvunze mibvunzo inogumbura kare. Chii chaizvo chiri kubata? Chii chinonzi tembiricha kutenderera? Pane kudedera, kuchinjika, galvanic kubata? Iyi pfungwa ndiyo inoparadzanisa mupi wechikamu kubva kumugadziri wekugadzira. Ndizvo zvaunogadzira pamusoro pemakore makumi matatu, sechikwata pa QSY aizopupura. Basa ravo rine ma alloys akakosha senge nickel-based kune akanyanya nharaunda anongosimbisa izvi-zvese zvinhu zvine mitemo yakavanzika.
The Realistic Finish Line
Saka, chii chinoita kuti ubudirire chikamu chesimbi isina tsvina? Haisi kungorova mativi padhirowa. Icho chikamu chinogadzirwa kubva kugiredhi rakakodzera kwazvo, kuburikidza nemaitiro anonyatso shanda (kungave kuri kukanda, machining kubva kukasimba, kana hybrid), yakagadzirwa nekunzwisisa kwezvinyorwa zvequirks, uye yakasimbiswa kune yayo chaiyo chinangwa. Nzvimbo inopenya ndiyo danho rekupedzisira, kwete chinangwa.
Kukosha kwemutengesi wenguva refu kuri mune iyi maonero akazara. Paunoshanda neanogadzira iyo zvakare inyanzvi yekukanda, senge yakasanganiswa shell mold, kuisa mari, uye CNC machining masevhisi anopihwa, hausi kungotenga nguva yemuchina. Iwe uri kutenga yavo yakaunganidzwa dhatabhesi yezvinoshanda nezvisingaite - dhirowa ravo rezvishandiso zvakundikana, gidhi ravo rekupisa kurapwa mhedzisiro, ndangariro yavo yekuti flange dhizaini yakatsemuka.
Pakupedzisira, chikamu chiri pasherufu chinongova chinhu. Ruzivo rwekuti ungaita sei nekuvimbika uye mune zvehupfumi kuiburitsa, zvakare uye zvakare, pasi pemamiriro epasirese, ndicho chaicho chigadzirwa. Ndizvo zvatiri kutengesa tese. Iyo isina tsvina inongova canvas.
