Paunonzwa 'simbi yekukanda chikamu', pfungwa zhinji dzinosvetuka dzakananga kune yekupedzisira chimiro-iyo geometry pamufananidzo. Ndiyo yekutanga kusanzwisisa. Chikamu chaicho hachisi chimiro chete; inhoroondo yese yesimbi yakanyungudutswa, maitiro e mold, kutonhodza kunovharirwa mukati, uye basa rinowanzo furatirwa rinouya mushure mekuzunza. Iko shanduko yezvinhu ine ndangariro, kwete nyore kopi-namira kubva kuCAD.
Iyo Shell Game: Kupfuura Ingori Jecha
Tora shell mold casting, imwe yenzira dzedu dzepakati paQSY. Vanhu vanofunga kuti ingori nani kupera kwepamusoro, uye ndizvo-tiri kutaura nezve Ra 6.3 kusvika 12.5 μm yakananga kunze kwekuumbwa. Asi iyo chaiyo nuance iri mukudonha kwejecha resin-bonded. Kune yakaoma simbi yekukanda chikamu ine migero yemukati kana zvikamu zvakatetepa-zvakakomberedzwa, kana goko iro rikasaburitsa zvakanaka panguva yekutonhodzwa, unowana misodzi inopisa. Kwete kutsemuka kwaunoona nekukasira, asi kwakanaka, kushaya simba kwebvudzi kunoratidza chete pasi pekumanikidzwa kuyedzwa kana machining. Takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma makore kumashure pane pombi yedzimba dzakatevedzana. Yakakwana zviyero, yakanaka kupedzisa, asi 30% yekutadza chiyero muhydro-bvunzo. Mupari wemhosva? Magadzirirwo egoko anga akanyanya kusimba kune iyo chaiyo yakaderera-kabhoni simbi yekusimbisa shrinkage. Taifanira kudzoreredza resin zvirimo kune iro basa chairo, tichipira zvishoma zvesimba rekutanga mold kuti zviite nani. Haimbofi imwe chete inokwana yese.
Uye iyo gating system yegoko molds imhuka yakasiyana. Nekuti mold yakatetepa uye yakanyatsojeka, simbi inoyerera nekukurumidza, inotonhora nekukurumidza. Iwe haugone kushandisa masvomhu akafanana emusimu sezvaungaite kune yakakura yegirinhi jecha mold. Tinowanzo shandisa zvidiki, zvakawanda zvekusimuka zvakaiswa padyo nezvikamu zvakakora. Inotaridzika shoma bhuku, asi inoshanda. Chinangwa ndechekudyisa shrinkage pasina kugadzira nzvimbo dzakakura dzekupisa dzinova nzvimbo dzekuparadzanisa. Dzimwe nguva, mhinduro yakanakisa pane yekufananidza software inoda pragmatic, yakashata tweak pane yekutanga pasi.
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu pano kwakakosha zvakare. Shell molding inoshanda zvakanaka nekabhoni uye yakaderera-alloy simbi. Asi kana tapinda mune mamwe magiredhi akasimba, ekudzima-uye-ane hasha, kukurumidza kutonhora kunowanikwa kune goko rakatetepa kunogona kutungamirira kune yakakwirira-kupfuura-inoda kuoma munzvimbo dzakatetepa, zvichiita kuti kunotevera machining kuve kunotyisa. Iwe unofanirwa kuisa iyo as-cast microstructure kubva pakutanga, dzimwe nguva kunyange kugadzirisa kuumbwa kwesimbi zvishoma nechigayo kutsiva yedu chaiyo yekupisa kutenderera. Ikurukurirano, kwete kungorayira.
Investment Casting: Precision pamutengo (wekuoma)
Investment casting, kana kurasika-wax, ndiko kwaunowana iwo ari pedyo-net-shape zvishamiso. Kushivirira mukati me ± 0.005 inches per inch zvinogoneka. Asi chirevo chinogoneka chiri kuita basa rakawanda. Iyo wax patani jekiseni pachayo inosuma zvinosiyana-jekiseni tembiricha, kumanikidza, kufa tembiricha. Kuchinja kwemadhigirii mashoma kunogona kushandura shrinkage yewakisi, iyo inopararira yakananga mugoko receramic, uye pakupedzisira musimbi. Takambopedza mavhiki maviri tichidzingirira dhirifiti pachikamu chevharuvhu yesimbi isina tsvina. Zvese zvaive muhurongwa zvaive mune spec. Pakupedzisira, takatarisa mamiriro okunze. Yakanga iri vhiki yezhizha ine hunyoro. Mapatani ewakisi aitora mwando kubva kumhepo pakati pejekiseni nekubatanidza, kuzvimba kwakaramba kuchiwedzera zvishoma. Kugadzirisa? Kurongeka kwemamiriro ekunze emiti yewakisi. Chinhu chidiki, chisiri chehunyanzvi chine mibairo mikuru yehunyanzvi.
Iyo shell-building process muinvestment casting inyanzvi yezvikamu. Imwe neimwe slurry dip, yega jecha stucco application, inokanganisa kukwana kwegomba rekupedzisira uye simba. Yakanyanya kupinza, uye simbi inogona kupinda, zvichikonzera nzvimbo yakaoma. Yakanyanya kuomarara, uye unoisa panjodzi yekutsemuka kwegomba panguva yekupisa-kupisa kana kudira. Zvekutsoropodza simbi yekukanda chikamu se turbine blade kana chinomisikidzwa chekurapa, tinogona kushandisa rakasiyana refractory jasi rekutanga (kumeso) jasi-pamwe zirconia pane silica-kuitira zvirinani kemikari inertness ichipikisa reactive simbi alloy. Izvi hazvisi mubhurocha remazuva ese; inovakwa kubva kumakore ekuedza uye kukanganisa, uye mashoma anodhura zvimedu mirwi.
Zvadaro pane dewaxing. Steam autoclave yakajairika, asi kune akakura kana mamwe akaomarara masumbu, flash kupfura kunoshandiswa. Ita nhanho iyi zvisizvo, uye goko rinotsemuka kubva pakuvharirwa kuwedzera wakisi. Goko rakatsemuka haringorevi simbi inooneka inobvinza; dzimwe nguva zvinongokonzera zvimbi kana tsinga panzvimbo yekukanda. Iwe unogona kusazviona kusvikira mushure mekunge ceramic yagogodzwa. Ndosaka process control logs kune yega yega cluster iri goridhe. Unofanira kuronda shure. Ko iyo autoclave pressure curve yaive yakajairika zuva riya? Tembiricha ye cluster isati yabvisa waxing yaienderana here? Ibasa rehutikitivha.
CNC Machining: Iko Kukandira Chokwadi Kunobuda
Apa ndipo apo theoretical casting inosangana nehutsinye chokwadi. A simbi yekukanda chikamu haisi yunifomu block yezvinhu billet. Kucheka kwako kwekutanga kunokuudza zvese. Inzwi remudziyo, ruvara rwechiputi, nzira iyo mvura yekucheka inoyerera. Isu tinomhanyisa yedu CNC machining division in-house chaizvo kune iyi mhinduro loop. Iwe haugone kuparadzanisa kukanda kubva kumashini kana iwe uchida kuenderana.
Dambudziko rekutanga nderekugadzirisa datum. Unotorepi mazero ako panzvimbo yakaoma, yakakandwa? Isu tinowanzo kukanda padiki, mapedhi akasimudzwa pane asiri-akakosha maficha chaiwo kune machining datums. Ivo vanogadzirwa muchina mudanho rekupedzisira. Kana iwe usingaronge izvi mune dhizaini dhizaini, uri kumanikidza machinist kuti awane chikamu, icho chinozivisa musiyano. Ndakaona zvikamu zvakarukwa nekuti kukanda kwacho kwakachinja zvishoma muforoma, uye pasina yakavimbika datum pad, machinist akaboora maburi ayo aive tekinoroji kudhinda asi akapa chikamu chisina kushanda.
Kukanganisa kwakavanzika kunozviratidza pano. Kadiki shrinkage porosity, isingaonekwe kuX-ray kana iri diki, inokonzeresa kuti mudziyo utaure kana kutombotyoka kana warova nzvimbo iyoyo. Nzvimbo yakaoma kubva pakukurumidza kutonhora inopfeka pasi carbide inopinza mumasekonzi. Machinist edu ndiwo ekupedzisira emhando yekuongorora. Vanonyora kusangana uku: Kupfeka zvakanyanya kumeso B, kufungidzira kuoma kwenzvimbo. Iyo log inodzokera kune foundry metallurgist. Pamwe tinoda kugadzirisa tembiricha yekudira kana nzvimbo yekusimudza nzvimbo yenzvimbo iyoyo. Iyi nzira yakabatanidzwa paQSY ndiyo inoshandura kukanda kwakanaka kuita chinhu chakavimbika, chinogoneka. Haasi mashiripiti; ndiko kutaurirana, kwakabikwa mukushanda kwemakore makumi matatu.
Uye kugadzirisa. Kugadzira kukanda hakuna kufanana nekugadzira weldment. Iwe haugone kusungirira pasi nechisimba chisina hanya. Castings vane residual stress. Kuwedzeredza-kurovera kunogona kukanganisa chikamu, saka unochichina chikwere chete kuti chibude kunze kwekushivirira kana chaburitswa. Isu tinoshandisa dhizaini-yekuzorodza annealing tisati tagadzira zvikamu zvakakosha, uye isu tinogadzira zvigadziriso zvinobata zvakasimba asi zvinobvumira zvishoma kufamba kwechisikigo. Dzimwe nguva, iwe unotora roughing pass, sunungura zvisungo, rega zvizorore, torque zvakare, wozoenda kunopedza. Zvinotora nguva yakawanda, asi inochengetedza chikamu.
Iyo Material Maze: Simbi Haisi Ingori Simbi
Kudoma simbi hakuna zvakunoreva. Tiri kutaura 1020 yakaderera kabhoni? 4340 alloy simbi? 17-4 PH isina tsvina? Kana iwo ekunze nzvimbo dze duplex stainless kana cobalt-based alloys seStellite 6? Imwe neimwe inoita semhuka yakasiyana muhwaro. The simbi yekukanda chikamu kune slurry pombi yakapfeka ndiro mucobalt-chromium alloy haina chero chinhu chakafanana, process-wise, ine 1045 carbon steel gear isina chinhu.
Carbon steels inoregerera, asi inowanzoita shrinkage uye inoda kudya kwakasimba. Masimbi akadzika-alloy senge 4140 ane kuomarara zviri nani, izvo zvakanakira zvivakwa zvekupedzisira asi zvinogona kutungamira mukutsemuka panguva yekutonhora kana mold dhizaini yakanyanya kuomarara. Austenitic Stainless steels (304, 316) ane high shrinkage rates-inenge kaviri iyo carbon steel-uye inowanzobvarura inopisa. Masisitimu avo emagedhi anofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti aderedze zvipingaidzo zvekupisa. Kudurura tembiricha yakasimba; kupisa zvakanyanya, uye iwe unowana kusarura kwakakura uye zviyo zvakakura; inotonhorera zvakanyanya, uye mhute inomhanya kana kutonhora inovhara.
Ipapo iwe une kunaya-kuomesa mamakisi senge 17-4 PH. Akanakisa ekupedzisira zvivakwa, asi maitiro ekukanda anofanirwa kuve akachena zvine hungwaru kudzivirira inclusions inova inokonzeresa kushushikana. Uye kurapwa kwekupisa mushure mekugadzira hakusi-kutaurirana; iwe hausi kuwana iwo specs pasina iyo. Isu tinowanzo kuita iyo mhinduro kurapwa (Chimiro A) mushure mekuita rough machining, tozopedzisa muchina, ipapo kurapwa kwekuchembera. Iko kutamba kwemavhiri ekupisa uye kubvisa zvinhu. Kukanganisa kunoreva chikamu chinoyera chakanaka asi chichakundikana nguva isati yakwana mumunda. Chiitiko chedu neakakosha alloys kwemakumi emakore zvinoreva kuti isu tine aya maprotocol - anowanzo gadziridzwa tsika-yekushandisirwa chaiyo mutengi - kusvika kune rhythm.
Kukundikana seMudzidzisi: The Scrap Yard Chronicles
Iwe haudzidze kubva pakudururwa kwakakwana. Iwe unodzidza kubva kune avo vanoenda zvisirizvo. Ndichiri pano, takanga tine odha yemabhuraketi makuru, akakora-chikamu-marata esimbi—tsika dzakafanana dzinoshanda kusimbi. Vakaramba vachiputika munzvimbo yewebhu mushure mekupisa kupisa. Yakanaka castings, ipapo ping - mutswe. Isu takapomera kutenderera kwekupisa kwekutanga. Mushure mekuongorora kwemetallurgical, kukanganisa kwaive mukukanda kwayo: micro-shrinkage porosity yakashanda sekutanga crack. Zvikwiriso zvaive zvakakura zvakakwana, asi zvakaiswa zvisiri izvo. Vakanga vachidyisa pamusoro pechikamu, asi iyo porosity yakanga ichigadzira munzvimbo inopisa inopisa pajunction iyo simulation yakapotsa. Taifanira kuwedzera kutonhora kuduku, kunze—chidimbu chemhangura chakapinzwa mumadziro eforoma—kumanikidzira mharadzano iyoyo kutanga kuoma. Dambudziko ragadziriswa. Ikozvino, kune chero gobvu, rinopindirana geometry, isu tinofunga nezve kutonhora senge tichifunga nezvekusimuka.
Imwe classic: misruns pazvikamu zvitete. Iyo dhizaini inoda 3mm madziro mune imwe nzvimbo. Unodira, uye chikamu ichocho hachina kukwana. Mhinduro iri nyore ndeyekuwedzera kudurura tembiricha. Asi izvo zvinogona kukonzera dzimwe nyaya senge jecha kupisa-pairi kana hombe tsanga. Dzimwe nguva mhinduro iri nani ndeyekuwedzera tembiricha yemold yemuno nekuisa chikamu padhuze negedhi kana kutoshandisa exothermic sleeves kutenderedza zvimwe zvikamu zvegeti system kuchengetedza simbi yesimbi yakareba munzira iyoyo chaiyo. Ndezvekutungamira kupisa, kwete kungowedzera zvakanyanya pasi rose.
Zvidzidzo izvi hazvisi mumabhuku akawanda. Dzinonyorwa mumutengo wesimbi dzakaraswa uye kunonoka kutumirwa. Vanokumanikidza kuti utarise gadziriro yacho yose—patani, modhi, simbi, mwero wokutonhodza, kuzungunuswa, kuchenesa, kugadzira—senzira imwe yakabatana. Shanduko padanho rekutanga inopinda kusvika padanho regumi. Ndiwo hunyanzvi hwekugadzira a simbi yekukanda chikamu. Haisi nhevedzano yezvakasarudzika mashandiro; ishanduko inoenderera yaunoyedza kufudza kusvika kumagumo akabudirira. Uye mamwe mazuva, simbi ine pfungwa dzayo. Unongofanira kunyatsoteerera nguva inotevera.
