Paunonzwa 'simbi chaiyo yekukanda zvikamu', pfungwa zhinji dzinosvetuka dzakananga kushiviriro uye zvitupa zvenyama. Ndiyo hurukuro yebhurocha. Iyo chaiyo nyaya, iyo inosarudza kana chikamu chinoshanda kana kutadza pauriri hwechitoro kwemakore, chinotanga mushure mekunge pepa raiswa kure. Zviri pamusoro pezvisingataurwi kukanganiswa pakati peyakanaka geometry uye kukandwa, manyorero akajeka enzvimbo yakakandwa inokanganisa hupenyu hwekuneta, uye mhinduro yekupisa yekupisa kwesimbi chaiyo isina mwero inobata zvizere. Ndakaona akawanda madhizaini anotaridzika akakwana muCAD asi ari kutyisa kugedhi nekusimuka, zvichitungamira mukuderera kwemukati kunongoratidzira pasi peX-ray kana, zvakanyanya, mubasa. Kurongeka hakusi muzvikamu chete; inoiswa mukati mecheni yese, kubva patani yekutanga wakisi kusvika papfuti yekupedzisira.
Iyo Illusion yeDrop-In Replacement
Musungo wakajairika, kunyanya kune mainjiniya ekugadzirisa, uri kubata zvakakandwa zvikamu sezvakananga, kudonhedza-mukati zvinotsiva zvefogi kana machira. Iyo dimensional kudhinda inogona kuenderana, asi envelopu yekushanda inogona kunge yakasiyana zvakanyanya. Tora nyore pombi impeller. Iyo yakafogirwa ine zviyo zvinoyerera zvichitevedza blade contour, zvichipa kusakurira kukuru pakukukurwa. A simbi yakarurama kukanda yechimiro chimwechete ine equiaxed grain structure. Kana ukasazvidavirira pane izvi mukusarudza kwako zvinhu-pamwe kusarudza giredhi rakaomarara restainless seCA-15 pachinzvimbo cheyakajairwa 304-unozotadza nguva isati yakwana mubasa reabrasive. Iko kukanda kunopa iwe zvinoshamisa chimiro kuoma, asi iwe unotengeserana neimwe nzira simba. Iwe unofanirwa kugadzira iyo yekukanda maitiro, kwete chete nehukuru hwayo.
Takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma makore kumashure nechikamu chevharuvhu yemutengi. Yakanga iri kutsiva chikamu chakagadzirwa nemichina. Isu tinorova ese madhisheni nzvimbo-pakushandisa investment casting. Asi yaive high-pressure steam application. Chikamu chepakutanga chakagadzirwa nemuchina chaive nemagirodhi ekuzorodza aive nyore kugaya asi anotyisa kukanda pasina kugadzira nzvimbo dzinopisa. Isu takaikanda seyakadhindwa, uye yakapfuura hydro-bvunzo. Asi mukupisa bhasikoro, madiki-akatsemuka akatangwa kubva kune akapinza makona emukati-yakajairika yekukanda chirema njodzi yatakanga taisa mureza asi takaudzwa kuti tienderere mberi nayo. Harina kukundikana zvinosiririsa, asi rakatanga kuchema pashure penguva shomanene. Kugadzirisa kwanga kusiri kwekuvandudza kukanda; kwaive kugara pasi nainjiniya wavo uye nekugadzira patsva chimiro chegroove kune imwe nzvimbo inokwenenzverwa, vachipira zvishoma zvekutanga dhizaini vavariro yekuwana zvakakura mukusimba. Ndiko kubatana kunotsanangura kurongeka chaiko.
Apa ndipo apo chiitiko chemuvambi chinova chisingagone kutaurirana. Shop like Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), nemakore avo makumi matatu emugoko uye mukutsvaga mari, akaona zviitiko izvi zvichitamba kasingaverengeki. Kukosha kwavo hakusi mukugadzira muti wenamo chete; iri mukutanga DFM (Design for Manufacturability) mhinduro. Kana vachitarisa kudhirowa, pfungwa dziri kumhanya nemuchivako chegoko, kudira, kutonhora kwekutonhora. Icho cheki-kunzwa cheki, chakazvarwa kubva mumakumi emakore ekugadzira nekugadzirisa, ndicho chinodzivirira zvikanganiso zvinodhura. Ndezvekutungamira mugadziri kune chikamu chinoshanda uye chinokandwa.
Material Haisi Giredhi Chete
Kutsanangura 316 isina tsvina kune a precision kukanda chikamu ingori kuvhura bhidhi. Ndeipi 316? A standard melt? Iyo yakaderera-kabhoni 316L yekudzivirira ngura mushure mekugadzira? Kana iyo yakagadziridzwa vhezheni ine yakasimba kudzora pane ferrite zvemukati kudzivirira sigma chikamu embrittlement mune yakakwirira-tembiricha sevhisi? Iyo alloy kusarudzwa kunowedzera kutsoropodza neakakosha. Taive nepurojekiti yekugadzira choto chinoda nickel-based alloy. The print said Inconel 625. Good alloy. Asi kune chikamu chaizoona kupisa kwakasimba nemutoro unopindirana, iyo yakajairwa 625 yekukanda giredhi yakanga isiri yakakwana. Isu takasundidzira kuti tiite diki mualuminium uye titanium zvirinani kuti ive nani kushushikana-kutsemuka simba, zano rakauya zvakananga kubva kune metallurgist panzvimbo yatakabatana nayo. Yakawedzera pamwe 5% kumutengo wezvinhu asi yakapetwa kaviri hupenyu hwesevhisi. Ndizvo nemazvo pamwero weatomu.
Uye ipapo pane post-casting chokwadi. Iyo giredhi imwechete kubva kune maviri akasiyana foundries anogona kuzvibata zvakasiyana mushure mekupisa kurapwa. Iyo inouya pasi kune yekunyunguduka tsika, deoxidation, uye kunyangwe tembiricha yekudurura. A foundry inyanzvi mune iron casting uye alloys akakosha, senge QSY inotaura muhukuru hwayo, ichave neyavo yekubikira uye kudzima midhiya yaunofarira kurova inodiwa michina zvimiro nguva dzose. Iwe haugone kungofungidzira kuti 4140 simbi yekukanda icharova 280 BHN mushure mekudzima kwebhuku uye hasha. Iwe unofanirwa kuzviyedza, kucheka makuponi kubva kune vanomhanya, uye kuyedza. Iyo chaiyo yakavharwa mukutonga kwemaitiro, kwete chete mumushumo wemakemikari.
Iyo Surface ndiyo Injini
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kutariswa cheiyo chaiyo yakakandwa simbi chikamu ndeye as-cast pamusoro pekupedzisira. Vanhu vanobatikana nekurongeka kwedimensional uye vanokanganwa kuti magadzirirwo epamusoro ndiwo anotungamira mukuora, kuneta, uye kupfeka. Kukandira kwakanaka kwekudyara kunofanirwa kubuda nekukasharara kwepamusoro kwakatenderedza Ra 3.2 μm kana zvirinani, yakananga kubva kugoko. Asi iyo iavhareji. Pasi pemaikorosikopu, unogona kuona diki oxide inclusions, miniti yepasi pitting, kana orange peel effect kubva kune ceramic slurry. Kune hydraulic valve body, izvo zvakanyanya kunaka. Kune ine simba chisimbiso pamusoro kana yakakwirira-kutenderera kuneta chikamu, hazvisi.
Apa ndipo panobatanidzwa nemachining, ayo QSY inosimudzira nekugona kwavo CNC, kwakakosha. Iyo chaiyo-yepasirese mafambiro andinowanzo kuona ndeiyi: kukanda padhuze-net-chimiro, siya shoma stock (kazhinji inongori 0.5mm kana kunyange kushoma pane yakakosha datum nzvimbo), ipapo muchina. Asi hunyengeri huri mukutevedzana. Unorerusa kushushikana usati wagadzira rough machining? Iwe unobata sei zvisinganzwisisike kuumbwa pasina kukanganisa kukanganisa? Takambove nechikamu chakatetepa cheturbine shroud segment. Kukandira kwaive kwakanaka. Asi panguva yeCNC yekurovera bhoti gomba, kudzvanya kushoma kwakakanganisa chimiro chese. Mhinduro yaive yekugadzira yakapfava, yakarongeka yaitsigira kumashure kwese, chimwe chinhu chakagadzirwa nechikwata chekugadzira tandem nemainjiniya ekukanda. Ndiyo handoff iyi pakati pekukanda uye machining inoparadzanisa chikamu chakanaka kubva kune chikuru. Iyo chaiyo yekukanda inokuwana iwe 95% ipapo; iyo yakangwara machining uye kupedza chipikiri yekupedzisira 5% inotsanangura kuvimbika.
Kana Zvakanaka Zvakakwana Pasina
Kudzvinyirira kwekutengesa kunogara kuri kuderedza mutengo: shandisa zvishoma zvinhu, kukurumidza kutenderera, zvakachipa alloys. Asi nezvikamu zvechokwadi chaizvo, mutengo wekutadza wakakwira zvekuti kunaka kwakaringana chiratidzo chine njodzi. Iyo inowanzouya pasi kune isiri-inoparadza bvunzo (NDT). Radiography (X-ray) chiyero chezvikamu zvakakosha. Asi uri kutarisa kunzvimbo dzakakodzera here? Iyo inowanikwa inofanira kukwanisa kukuudza, zvichibva pane gating dhizaini, uko shrinkage porosity inowanzoitika. Ndiko kwaunotarisisa mapfuti ako eX-ray. Pakutsemuka kwepasi, fluorescent penetrant inspection (FPI) yakanaka, asi kune subsurface zvikanganiso munzvimbo dzakakwirira-dzakaperera sezviya zvemuchadenga kana zvekurapa, ungangoda ultrasonic bvunzo.
Ini ndinorangarira batch yecobalt-chromium alloy zvikamu zvechigadzirwa chekurapa. Vakapasa kuona uye dimensional cheki. Asi panguva yekuongorora, takasarudza kuita yakawedzera FPI pane sampuli. Wakawana mutsara webvudzi padhuze negedhi rekubvisa nzvimbo pane zvishoma zvikamu. Chikonzero chikuru? Kusapindirana kushoma mugoko rekubikira nzira iyo inotenderera, inotungamira kune kadiki diki inopisa. Kwaisave kutadza kwehurongwa, asi kwakauraya batch rese. Muvambi akadya mutengo, hongu, asi chidzidzo chikuru chaive chezvirongwa zvesampling uye process drift. Kunyangwe uine makore makumi matatu eruzivo, haugone kugutsikana. Kupisa kwese, goko rega rega, chiitiko chitsva. Iko kurongeka kunochengetedzwa kuburikidza nekusingaperi maitiro ekuranga uye ine hutano paranoia.
Chiyero Chaicho Chekururama
Saka, chii chekupedzisira chiratidzo chepamusoro-tier simbi yakarurama kukanda? Haisi iyo inopenya yekutanga chinyorwa patafura yemusangano. Ndiko kuita muGore 3, Gore rechi5. Ndiko kuenderana mukugadzirwa kwezvimedu zviuru gumi, apo chikamu chekutanga nechikamu 10,000 zvinokwana mugungano rimwechete nekucheneswa kwakafanana, kuratidza kusakara kwakafanana, uye kutakura mutoro wakafanana. Kusachinja-chinja ikoko kunozvarwa kubva mukukura, kudzorwa maitiro uye tsika isingadimburi makona.
Ndiwo masikirwo akasangana neakawanda mabhizinesi kutenderera, akadyarwa mu process control tekinoroji senge tembiricha yematembiricha uye magomba humidity controllers, uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, vakachengeta vane hunyanzvi magadzirirwo ekugadzira uye vechoto vanoshanda. Paunoshanda nemumwe wako seQSY, hausi kungotenga yavo rondedzero yemidziyo. Uri kutenga ndangariro dzakaungana dzeaya makore makumi matatu-yeuko yezvinokonzeresa mhute kumhanya muchikamu chitete, kuti imwe alloy inoyerera sei muforoma yakaoma, uye mabatiro ekupisa kweiyo geometry chaiyo. Ndiko kurongeka kusingabatike kwausingakwanise kuisa pane imwe pepa asi ndiwo mutsauko uripo pakati pechikamu nechinhu chakavimbika.
Pakupedzisira, chikamu chacho chinongova chigadzirwa chemuviri. Chigadzirwa chaicho ichokwadi chekuti ichaita. Chokwadi ichocho chinovakwa kubva mukubatana kwechokwadi, kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezvinhu, ruremekedzo rwemaitiro ekuita, uye nekugovana kuramba kubvuma pamwe kwakanaka. Ndiko uko hunyanzvi hwechokwadi, uye kukosha chaiko, mukukanda kwesimbi.
