Paunonzwa 'kukandwa kwejecha resimbi,' mufananidzo wepakarepo unowanzo kuve wakakasharara, unorema, uye usina kuchena. Ndiyo yekutanga kusanzwisisa. Haisi yekungorasa simbi yakanyungudutswa mubhokisi rejecha. Icho chokwadi inzira ine nuanced apo sarudzo yejecha, binder, uye gating dhizaini inoraira kana iwe ukawana chikamu chinoshanda kana murwi wezvimedu. Vazhinji vanofungidzira kuti ndiyo 'yakachipa uye yakasviba' sarudzo, asi mukushandisa senge inorema mabhesi emuchina, mavharuvhu mahombe, kana zvimwe zvemugungwa, kazhinji ndiyo yega nzira ine hunyanzvi uye mune zvehupfumi yekugadzira yakaderera-kusvika-yepakati vhoriyamu. Manomano acho haasi ekungoita zvekukandira; iri kugadzira imwe inodzikisira machining anotevera uye inogara musevhisi.
Musimboti weMaitiro: Jecha Harisi Jecha Chete
Ngatitorei granular. Iyo 'jecha' mukukanda jecha resimbi hariwanzo silika kubva kumahombekombe. Kune simbi, iyo inodurura pakupisa kwakanyanya kudarika iron kana aluminium, unoda refractory kutendeseka. Isu tinowanzo shandisa jecha rechromite kana jecha re zircon kune nzvimbo dzakakomba kana zvikamu zvinorema kudzivirira kutsva uye kukanganisa kwekupinda. Inodhura zvakanyanya, asi mutengo wekuremara kwepamusoro kunoda maawa ekukuya kana kutungamirira kunzira inovuza muchikamu chinochengeta dzvinyiriro yakakwira zvakanyanya. Ndakaona mapurojekiti achikundikana nekuti vakaedza kuchengetedza madhora 0.50 pakirogiramu pajecha, kungoshandisa zvakapetwa kagumi pakugadzirisazve.
Iyo binder system ndeimwe nhandare yehondo. Furan resin, phenolic urethane, sodium silicate ine CO2 - imwe neimwe ine yayo yekutengeserana pakati pesimba, collapsibility (yakakosha kudzivirira kupisa kubvarura musimbi), uye zvakatipoteredza/kunhuwa kunetseka. Nefuran, kana iyo nitrogen yemukati ikasadzorwa giredhi resimbi yauri kudurura, unogona kuwana yakashata gasi porosity pazasi peganda, inongoonekwa mushure mekugadzira. Ndakadzidza iyo yakaoma nzira pane batch yepombi dzimba makore apfuura.
Kugadzira mapeteni ndiko kunosangana nedzidziso. Kune simbi, shrinkage allowance inenge 2% - kupfuura iron. Asi haisi yunifomu. Iyo yakareba, yakamanikidzwa geometry inogona kuderera zvishoma, nepo chikamu chemahara-cube chinodhonza zvimwe. Iwe unotsiva neruzivo, dzimwe nguva uchiwedzera 'shrink vatongi' kune mapatani. Kune kambani yakadai Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), nenhoroondo yavo yemakore makumi matatu, iyi pateni dhatabhesi yakakosha. Vanogona kunge vaona maitiro akasiyana esimbi magiredhi mumamiriro avo ezvitoro zvepasi, izvo zvisingadzoreki ruzivo rwakadzikama. Iwe haugone kuwana izvo kubva kuCAD modhi chete.
Iko Kukandwa Kwesimbi Kwesimbi kunonzwisisika (Uye kwazvisingaite)
Haisi mhinduro yepasi rose. Kune yakakwirira-chaiyo, yakatetepa-madziro, kana akanyanya kuomarara emukati geometries, kukanda mari kana kuumbwa kwegoko kungave nani. Asi kune zvikamu zvinorema kubva pa50kg kusvika kumatani akati wandei, zvine maumbirwo ari nyore kana kuti ane mwero akaomarara, kukanda jecha ndimambo. Funga nezve counterweight yeanochera, kana iyo huru furemu ye hydraulic press. Iyo yekushandisa (huni kana urethane pateni) mutengo wakaderera, uye shanduko yedhizaini iri nyore kugadzirisa.
Ndinoyeuka chirongwa chemugadziri wemidziyo yemugodhi. Vaida nhevedzano yemagear blanks makuru, angangoita 800kg imwe neimwe, mu4140 steel. Pfungwa yekutanga yaive yekuvagadzira, asi nguva yekutungamira uye mutengo wekufa wairambidza huwandu. Isu takaenda nekukandira jecha, tichishandisa jecha rechromite kuti rikwanise kuwana iri nani se-kukanda pamusoro pekupedzisira pagiya OD. Kiyi yaive dhizaini yekudyisa nekusimuka kuti ive nechokwadi chekudzikama muchikamu chehub, icho chaizotakura mazino egiya. Yakashanda, uye mutengo weyuniti yaive ingangoita 40% yakaderera pane iyo yekunyepedzera quote.
Mhedzisiro, hongu, kupera kwepamusoro uye kushivirira kwedimensional. Iwe uri kutarisa kune yakajairwa pamusoro roughness yeRa 12.5-25 μm, uye kushivirira kuri pa ISO 8062 CT 10-13 renji, zvichienderana nehukuru. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unofanirwa kuronga machining mvumo pane yakakosha datum maficha uye yekuisa chisimbiso nzvimbo. Chero ani anotarisira kupera kwemumbure wakananga kubva kujecha mold ari kuzvigadzirira kuodzwa mwoyo uye achapomera maitiro nenzira isina kunaka.
Iyo Yakakosha Link: Kubva Kukanda kusvika Yakapedzwa Chikamu
Apa ndipo panowanikwa mafekitori mazhinji, uye uko vatengesi vakasanganiswa vanowedzera kukosha chaiko. Ijecha-yakakanda simbi chikamu chinenge chisisambove chigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Inoda machining, kazhinji kupisa kurapwa, uye kuyedzwa. Kuve neiyo machining kugona mukati-mumba, kana mukubatana kwakasimba senge QSY inoita neCNC machining division yavo, inobvisa murwi wakakura wezvinhu, kutsoropodza, uye kusanzwisisika kwemhando.
Kana iyo mubatanidzwa iyo inodurura yekukanda ichiigadzirawo, vane chishuwo chekuwana kukanda chaiko. Ivo vanoziva uko kungangoita shrinkage nzvimbo, saka vanogona kugadzirisa machining stock zvinoenderana. Vanonzwisisa mukana wenzvimbo dzakaoma kubva mukutonhora, saka vanogona kuronga maturusi nzira uye sarudza inoisa yekuibata. Ndave mumamiriro ezvinhu akawandisa apo mugadziri anopomera machinist kuti 'asina kuchenesa,' uye machinist anopomera muvambi we'nzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzisina.' Kutenderera kwechepfu kunouraya mapurojekiti.
Zvemidziyo yakaita sesimbi isina tsvina kana ayo akakosha alloys QSY inotaura - nickel-based kana cobalt-based - kubatanidzwa uku kunotonyanya kukosha. Aya alloys akaoma muchina uye anodhura. Kukanganisa kwekukanda kunoparadza chikamu mushure me80% yekugadzira kwaitwa kurasikirwa kukuru kwemari. The foundry mindset inofanirwa kuwedzera kuburikidza neiyo value chain.
Misungo Yakajairwa uye Maitiro ekuasiya
Cold shuts uye mistruns inyaya dzechinyakare nesimbi mujecha mold. Simbi inorasikirwa nekupisa nekukurumidza. Kana iyo gating system yakarebesa kana kutetepa, kana tembiricha yekudurura yadzimwa nediki diki, simbi inogona kuomesa isati yazadza mold. Mhinduro haisi kungokwidza tembiricha yekudira - izvo zvinogona kukonzera mamwe matambudziko senge kunyura zvakanyanya uye kukurwa kwe mold. Zviri pamusoro pekugadzira gating sisitimu nenzvimbo yekurudyi yekukachidza, uchishandisa akawanda ingate, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kudziyisa molds dzakakura kwazvo, dzakaomarara castings.
Shrinkage porosity ndiyo imwe mhuka huru. Simbi ine yakakwira volumetric shrinkage. Unoda zvekusimudza (mafeeders) akakura zvakakwana uye akaiswa zvakanaka kudyisa simbi yemvura kune zvikamu zvekuomesa kusvika zvanyatsosimba. Kombuta simulation inobatsira ikozvino, asi ichiri kuda kusimbiswa. Isu takamboteedzera muviri wevharuvhu, uye software yakati tinoda matatu anosimuka. Zvichienderana nebasa rakafanana rekare, takashandisa mana madiki munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Kukandwa kwenyama kwaive kwakanaka; simulation yakanga yakanganisa zvishoma kutonhora kwesimba reimwe jecha core. Zvakaitika zvichiri trumps pure theory.
Dimensional Drift pamusoro pechigadzirwa chinomhanya mhondi yakapusa. Miti yemapuranga inogona kutora unyoro uye kuzvimba. Iyo yekuumba iyo pachayo inogona kuve nekusiyana - jecha compaction, core shifting. Kune basa rinotora nguva refu, zvine hungwaru kuronga nguva nenguva yekutarisa 'yekutanga-kubva' yekukanda yakakosha zviyero usati wagadzira batch rese. Inoponesa nyika yemarwadzo.
Kutarisa paMufananidzo Mukuru
Saka, jecha resimbi rinokandira inyanzvi inofa here? Kana bodo. Zviri kuitika. Izvo zvakakosha zvekutamisa kupisa uye kusimba hazvichinje, asi zvishandiso zvakavatenderedza zvinochinja. Zvirinani jecha reclamation masisitimu anoita zvakatipoteredza uye zvehupfumi pfungwa. Kudhinda kwe3D kwejecha molds uye macores kuri kuvhura magonhi eprototyping uye yakaoma geometries aimbove asingagoneke nemaitiro echinyakare, kunyangwe pakugadzirwa kwehuwandu, hupfumi huchiri kufarira zvakajairwa zvishandiso.
Iko kukosha chaiko, mukuona kwangu, kuri mumavambo anoitora seyakagadziriswa mhinduro kwete chinhu. Izvo ndezvekunzwisisa rwendo rwese rwechikamu, kubva kuCAD modhi kusvika kune yakapedzwa, yakagadzirwa chikamu mumusangano wevatengi. Vatengesi vanopa izvo, kusanganisa maitiro sekukanda uye kunyatsomachina pasi pedenga rimwe chete, vanopa kuvimbika kwakaoma kuenderana. Paunotarisa kupihwa kwekambani, senge yakasanganiswa shell mold, investimendi, uye CNC machining masevhisi akatsanangurwa pa https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, inoratidza kugona kubata kwete kudira chete, asi kuzadziswa kwechikamu chinoshanda. Ndiko kunanga indasitiri.
Pakupedzisira, kubudirira simbi jecha kukanda inhaurirano - pakati pemugadziri uye muvambi injiniya, pakati pemetallurgist uye machinist. Zviri pamusoro pekugadzirisa zvinotarisirwa, kunzwisisa kukanganiswa, uye kuwedzera makumi emakore ekubatana, dzimwe nguva kurwadza, ruzivo rwekushandura simbi yakanyungudutswa kuita chimwe chinhu chakasimba uye chakavimbika. Hazvisi zvejecha chete.
