Iwe unoona 'stellite' padhirowa uye chinhu chekutanga chinouya mupfungwa 'chakaoma, chisingapfeke, chinodhura'. Ndizvo zviri pamusoro. Iyo chaiyo nyaya inotanga kana iwe ukayedza kuigadzira, weld it, kana sosi yekukanda iyo isingatsemuke pasi pekunetseka kwayo kwemukati. Pane fungidziro yakajairika yekuti nekuti ndeye cobalt-yakavakirwa superalloy, neimwe nzira yemashiripiti yunifomu. Mukuita, mutsauko uripo pakati pechigaro cheStellite 6 chevharuvhu chinotora makore gumi uye icho chinoputika mugore chinowanzouya pasi kune hunyanzvi hwevagadziri nekudurura uye mushure mekukanda kupisa kurapwa-tsananguro yakawanda yekutenga specs gloss pamusoro pese.
The Casting Conundrum: Zvose zviri muFeed
Investment casting ndiyo yekuenda kune yakaoma Stellite alloy zvikamu, sezvisimbiso turbine blade kana zvakaoma kunzwisisa pombi zvikamu. Asi neStellite, iyo yakakwira yekunyungudika uye fluidity maitiro ipfumo rinocheka kaviri. Ini ndinorangarira purojekiti yekukandira yekusimbisa-inoda kugadzira mbiru yezviyo chimiro chepamusoro chekupisa kuneta kuramba. Dzidziso yacho yakanga yakanaka, asi tsika yacho yakanga iri nhamo yokubvaruka kunopisa. Nyaya yakanga isiri iyo alloy yakagadzirwa; yakanga iri nzira yokugezera neyekukwira. Taifanira kubva pakugadzira mabhuku kuenda kune akakurisa, mafeed anopisa kuti atsivire kukurumidza kusimba kwealloy. Chitoro chinongoshandiswa kuita simbi kana nickel alloys kazhinji kazhinji inodzikisira izvi, zvichiita kuti shrinkage porosity isingaonekwe pasina kuongororwa kunoparadza. Ndipo panowanikwa makumi emakumi emakore eruzivo rwakadzikama, senge zvawaizowana kunyanzvi yakaita se Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), inova isina kutaurirana. Vave nemakore makumi matatu vachigadzira makoko; vanogona kunge vaona marudzi ese ekuderera kwehurema uye vane maitiro ekugadzirisa kuti azvidzivirire.
Kurapa kwekupisa ndechimwe chitema. Mhinduro yekurapa uye kuchembera kutenderera kwekunaya-kuomesa mamakisi seStellite 21 yakakosha. Asi iyo nguva-tembiricha curves iwe yaunowana kubva kune zvinyorwa zvinyorwa? Ndivo pekutangira. Iko kutenderera chaiko kunoda kuzvidavirira kune ukobvu hwechikamu chechikamu chako chaicho. Iyo gobvu-chikamu chevhavha muviri uye nhete-yemadziro sleeve ichaita zvakasiyana zvachose muchoto chimwe chete. Ndakaona zvikamu zvichibuda nekuomarara chaiko asi zvakakanganisa kuomarara nekuti chitoro chaitevera generic resipi. Zvakaguma nei? Chikamu chinopfuudza QC asi chinotadza nguva isati yakwana musevhisi pasi pesimba. Iwe unoda mutengesi anonzwisisa simbi, kwete kungotevera kupisa chati.
Kozotiwo kupinza zvinhu mbishi. Haasi ese 'stellite' anosikwa akaenzana. Zvakadzokororwa zvemukati, trace element control (senge kabhoni nesilicon), uye kunyange chimiro che master alloy ingot inogona kukanganisa castability uye yekupedzisira zvivakwa. Mumwe waanovimba naye anozoteera melt stock yavo uye okwanisa kukurukura zvinorehwa, toti, 0.5% vs. 0.4% kabhoni yemukati pane yako chaiyo application inoda yeabrasion resistance maringe nemachinability.
Machining: Kwainoenda Kushandisa Kufa (Kana Usina Kungwarira)
Kana iwe uchifunga kuti kugadzira isina tsvina kwakaoma, Stellite alloys vari ligi rakasiyana. Iko kushanda-kuoma mwero inoshamisa. Kucheka kwakareruka, kwakachengetedza kunogona kazhinji kukuvadza kupfuura kunaka, kushanda-kuomesa pamusoro uye kuita kuti chinopfuura chiwedzere kuoma. Iyo yehunyengeri ndeyekupinda pasi peiyo basa-yakaomeswa layer nekukasira. Izvi zvinoreva kuseta kwakaomarara, pasina kuzunguzika, uye kushandisa yakanaka-rake, inopinza carbide mamakisi akagadzirirwa alloys akakwira-tembiricha. Ceramic kana CBN inoisa inogona kushanda kupedzisa, asi yekutanga mutengo wakakwira uye iwo brittle.
Kutonhorera kwakakosha, asi kwete nekuda kwechikonzero icho vazhinji vanofunga. Izvo zvishoma nezve kutonhora uye zvimwe nezve lubrication uye chip evacuation. A high-pressure, through-tool coolant system inenge yakasungirwa kuchera gomba rakadzika kana kugaya. Chinangwa ndechekudzivirira chip kubva pakutsvaira kusvika kumucheto wekucheka, iyo inzira yekukurumidza kune njodzi yekukundikana kwekushandisa. Dry Machining? Kanganwa nezvazvo. Iwe unongoburitsa kupisa kwakanyanya kunonamira iyo substrate pazasi pekucheka kwako.
Isu takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma pane batch yeStellite 12 yakavharika pane gedhi mavharuvhu stems. Kudhinda kwacho kwaida kupedzwa kwepamusoro padhayamita rekuvhara. Kuedza kwedu kwekutanga neyakajairwa CNC lathe uye mafashama anotonhorera zvakakonzera kutaura uye nzvimbo yakabvaruka. Mhinduro yacho haina kukurumidza RPM kana imwe yekuisa geometry yega. Isu taifanira kushandura iyo yese kutevedzana kwemaitiro: rough kutendeuka, ipapo yekurerutsira-kuzorodza anneal (hongu, kunyangwe mushure mekugadzira), tozopedzisa kugaya kuti spec. Iyo yekuwedzera nhanho yakawedzera mutengo uye nguva, asi yaive nzira chete yekuwana kugadzikana uye kupedza. Apa ndipo pane mutengesi ane integrated CNC machining uye ruzivo rwesimbi runoponesa kutemwa nemusoro. Vanoziva kutevedzana kunokosha sekunge nzira yekushandisa.
Iyo Welding uye Overlay Minefield
Kuomarara neStellite tsvimbo kana waya kwakajairika, asi dilution ndiyo mhondi yakanyarara. Kana iyo base simbi (kazhinji kabhoni simbi kana Stainless) yakanyunguduka yakawandisa uye ichisanganiswa neStellite weld simbi, unonatsa iyo cobalt matrix nesimbi. Izvi zvinoderedza zvakanyanya kuomarara kwekupisa uye kusagadzikana nekuora. Iyo yakanaka idiki-dilution maitiro sePTA (Plasma Transferred Arc) kana laser cladding. Kunyangwe neizvi, parameter control ndiyo zvese. Kuwedzera kupisa kwekuisa, uye urikungogadzira inodhura, yakaderera iron-cobalt alloy.
Ndakatarisa-muchinjika-zvikamu uko iyo spec yakadana 3mm Stellite 6 yakavharika, uye inoshanda, isina kurongeka layer yaive isingasviki 1mm mushure mekugadzira. Chikamu chaizopera muchidimbu chehupenyu hwaitarisirwa. Kugadzirisa kwaisanganisira kudzora kwakasimba pane arc voltage, kumhanya kwekufamba, uye chiyero chehupfu. Iyo nzira inoda kunyorwa uye kudzokororwa, kwete kungonzwa kwewelder.
Post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) imwe nzvimbo ine hunyengeri. Kune zvikamu zvinoda iyo ye base simbi kutendeseka (sekumanikidza-ine zvikamu), iyo PWHT kutenderera inogona kupfuudza zera reStellite yakavharika, ichinyorovesa. Dzimwe nguva unofanirwa kubvuma kubvumirana kana kugadzira chikamu kuitira kuti nzvimbo yeStellite ishandiswe mushure meiyo PWHT huru, iyo inowedzera kuoma kwezvinhu. Iko hakuna mhinduro yakakwana, chete ishoma-yakaipa kutengeserana-off yemamiriro ebasa.
Chaiyo-Nyika Kukundikana: Nyaya yeGalvanic Corrosion
Takambopa seti yeStellite 21 sleeve yepombi yemvura yegungwa. Nyaya yacho yakasarudzwa nekuda kwayo yakanakisa cavitation erosion resistance. Vakakundikana zvinoshamisa mumwedzi yakawanda, kwete kubva mukupfeka, asi kubva mukurovera kwakanyanya. Chikonzero chikuru? Dzakaiswa muchina muimba yesimbi isina tsvina. Mumvura yegungwa electrolyte, takanga takagadzira galvanic cell hombe. Iyo yakanyanya kunaka Stellite (cobalt-yakavakirwa) yakaita secathode, uye iyo isina kunaka isina tsvina yeimba yakava iyo anode yechibairo, ichimhanyisa kukora kwayo. Chidzidzo chacho chaive chehutsinye: kusarudzwa kwezvinhu hakugone kuitika pasina chinhu. Iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezvese nharaunda yegungano-mvura, tembiricha, uye, zvakanyanya, zvimwe zvinhu zvinosangana. Akanaka tekinoroji mubatsiri anozobvunza iyi mibvunzo-level mibvunzo, kwete kungogamuchira kudhindwa kwechikamu chimwe chete.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero kushanda nenyanzvi yezvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvine musoro. Kambani yakadai QSY, iyo inobata zvese kubva kusimbi yakakandwa kusvika kune nickel alloys, inowanzoona idzi nyaya dzepakati pekutanga. Chiitiko chavo mumhuri dzezvinhu zvinovapa maonero akajeka ematambudziko ekuenderana ayo anogona kupotsa shopu imwe chete.
Iyo gadziriso yaisanganisira kugadzirisa zvakare iyo interface ine insulating coating uye kushandura yakakodzera kushivirira. Yakanga iri dhizaini inodhura iyo ingadai yakadziviswa nepamberi-yekupedzisira dhizaini-ye-yekugadzira ongororo. Zvino, isu tinogara tichibvunza: Chii chiri kubata, uye chii nharaunda?
Sourcing uye China Factor
Ngative anoshanda. Zvakawanda stellite alloy zvikamu kutsvaga kunotungamira kuChina, kupihwa mutengo wecobalt mbishi uye maitiro akanyanya-kushanda. Kutya nguva dzose unhu hunoenderana. Musiyanisi wakakosha haisi nyika, ndiko kukura kwekushanda kweiyo chaiyo foundry. Unoda humbowo hwekutonga kwemaitiro: maitirwo ekunyunguduka akasimbiswa, machati ekurapa kupisa kwebatch yega yega, uye yakasimba NDT (seFPIs yekutsemuka kwepasi pazvikamu zvakakosha).
Webhusaiti yakaita setsingtaocnc.com inoratidza nhoroondo refu yekushanda (30+ makore) uye yakatarisana negoko uye kuisa mari. Kurarama kwenguva refu mune iyi niche chiratidzo. Zvinoratidza kuti vakafamba munzira yekudzidza pane anonyengera alloys uye vakachengeta vane hunyanzvi vagadziri vepatani uye metallurgist inodiwa. Muedzo chaiwo uri munhaurirano yavo yehunyanzvi. Vanogona here kukurukura tembiricha yepre-heat ye welding Stellite 1 kusvika 410 isina tsvina? Vanogona here kukurudzira kutevedzana kwekugadzira kune yakatetepa-yakavezwa Stellite 3 mhete? Mhinduro yavo kumibvunzo iyi inokuudza kupfuura chero chitupa.
Pakupedzisira, zvikamu zveStellite zvakabudirira zvinobva pakubata iyo alloy neruremekedzo kune ayo quirks. Haisi simbi inotengeswa. Zvinoda hukama hwesymbiotic pakati pemugadziri, iyo metallurgist, uye machinist. Chinangwa ndechekukwirisa zvivakwa zvayo zvinoshamisa pasina kukundwa nematambudziko ayo ekugadzira. Vatengesi vanowana izvi ndivo vakapfuura nemumoto-chaizvo uye nenzira yekufananidzira-yechoto chekukanda uye nzvimbo yekugadzira machining, uye vane maitiro, dzimwe nguva akaoma-akakunda, mhinduro dzekuzviratidzira.
