Paunonzwa 'mhando dzekuridza,' mabhuku mazhinji anosvetukira akananga kune yakasarudzika solid-state vs. liquid-phase distinction. Izvo zvakanaka mudzidziso, asi pachitoro pasi, iyo binary sarudzo inonzwa kunge isina maturo. Sarudzo chaiyo ndeye messier, inotungamirwa neiyo alloy poda yawakanamatira mangwanani iwayo, iyo chikamu geometry iyo engineering ichangokanda pamusoro pemadziro, uye kunogara kumanikidza kubva mukugadzira kurova density zvinangwa pasina kuridza bhajeti resimba. Ndakaona vadiki vakawandisa vachigadzirisa pakutora 'kurudyi' mhando kubva pachati, kungoita kuti choto chitaure imwe nyaya. Ngatitaurei pamusoro pezvinoitika chaizvo kana gonhi rechoto richivhara.
Solid-State Sintering: Iyo Workhorse uye Yayo Yakavanzwa Quirks
Iyi ndiyo yakasarudzika, yekutanga. Uri kubatanidza hupfu pazasi pekunyungudika kwechikamu chikuru, uchivimba nekupararira kweatomu. Kune zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvedu zveferrous paQSY, kunyanya zvimiro zvakareruka kubva kusimbi kana yakaderera-alloy simbi hupfu, apa ndipo patinotangira. Iyo nzira inoita seyakajeka-kukwira kumusoro, kubata, kutonhorera pasi. Asi dhiyabhorosi ari mune zvese, kunyanya kutonga kwemhepo. Wana kudonha kudiki muvira rako rekutsvaira kana hiccup mune yako hydrogen / nitrogen musanganiswa, uye hausi kungotarisa pamusoro pe oxidation. Iwe uri kushandura diffusion kinetics pamitsipa nzvimbo pakati pezvimedu, zvichitungamira kune isina kusimba zvisungo uye chikamu chinokundikana pasi pekugadzira. Takadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma makore apfuura pane batch yegiya blanks; iyo sintered density yaitaridzika zvakanaka pamushumo, asi vakataurirana uye vakatsemuka panguva yekubiridzira. Mupari wemhosva? Mamiriro ekunze ane oxidizing zvishoma akagadzira firimu rakatetepa, brittle oxide pamiganhu yezviyo, isingaonekwe kune yakajairwa density cheki.
Kupisa mwero ndechimwe chinoshanduka chinyararire. Macurve emabhuku anotsvedzerera. Muchokwadi, kana iwe ukamhanyisa nekukurumidza nemamwe maumbirwo akaumbwa, unogona kugadzira zvinonetsa zvemukati izvo zvinokonzeresa shrinkage kana kurwa. Haisi yekungosvika pakupisa tembiricha; ndezvekuti unosvika seiko. Kune maumbirwo akaoma, isu muchina post-sintering, semamwe esimbi isina tsvina miviri yevharuvhu yatinobata, inodzorwa, yakawanda-nhanho rampu haigone kutaurirana kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwedimensional kune anotevera CNC mashandiro.
Uye ngatisakanganwa hupfu pachayo. Iko fungidziro ye 'pure' solid-state sintering inosviba ne pre-alloyed poda. Kunyangwe nezvinhu zvakaita senickel kana mhangura muhupfu hwesimbi, unogona kuwana nzvimbo dzemvura dzenguva pfupi kana tembiricha ikaitika. Saka, iwe urikuvavarira yakasimba-nyika, asi iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti unogona kunge uri kutamba nechimwe chinhu. Iyi inzvimbo yegrey inoparadzanisa resipi kubva kune yakasimba maitiro.
Liquid Phase Sintering: Pane Zvinhu Zvinonakidza (uye Zvakanamira)
Zvino apa ndipo paunoshinga kuunza chikamu chepasi-melting-point. Muenzaniso wekare ndewekuwedzera mhangura kusimbi. Iro zano rakanaka: iwo mafomu emvura, anonyorovesa zviyo zvakasimba, uye kuburikidza necapillary chiito uye mhinduro-inonaya, iwe unowana nekukurumidza densification. Ichokwadi pamutsara wekugadzira ihondo inogara ichirwisana negiravhiti uye nguva-kudonha. Kana chikamu chevhoriyamu chemvura chakanyanya kukwira kana viscosity yakadzikira, chikamu chako chakanyatsodzvanywa chinogona kurembera kana kurasikirwa nechimiro chayo muchoto. Ndinoyeuka purojekiti yekutakura kwepamusoro-density kwataisundira zvinyorwa zvemhangura. Isu tine density, zvakanaka, asi chikamu chakabuda senge kenduru yakasuwa, yakanyungudika. Isu taifanira kufonera kumashure, kubvuma kuderera zvishoma kwekutanga density kubva pakudzvanya, uye kushandisa yakanyatsojeka sintering mbiri kudzora nguva yemvura.
Iyo yekunyorova angle ndiyo zvese. Kana mvura ikasanyorovesa tsanga dzakaomarara zvakanaka, inoputika mukati me pores pane kupararira nemiganhu yezviyo. Iwe unopedzisira uine wega, ma pores makuru uye simba risina simba. Iyi haingori zvinhu zvesainzi parameter; inokanganiswa nemaokisi epamusoro, tsvina shoma, uye mhepo yevira. Kune akakosha alloys atinoshanda nawo, senge mamwe nickel-based, kusarudza iyo chaiyo sintering aid inyanzvi yehunyanzvi. Zvishoma pakutevera bhuku rekushandisa uye zvimwe nezve ongororo yekudzokorora, kazhinji tichidyidzana nevatinopa hupfu.
Zvadaro pane microstructure. Nekunyungudika kwemvura, iwe kazhinji unosiiwa uine chimiro chakaumbwa - zviyo zvakasimba zvakakomberedzwa nechikamu chakasiyana. Izvi zvinogona kuve zvakanakira kupfeka kuramba kana chaiyo magineti zvimiro, asi zvinoshandura zvakanyanya mashandisiro anoita chikamu muchina. Kana yedu CNC chikamu pa Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) inowana mvura-chikamu sintered chikamu, iyo machining paramita (kumhanya, chikafu, giredhi rekushandisa) inoda kuongororwa kwakazara kana ichienzaniswa neyakaomeswa-nyika sintered chikamu chimwe chete base base zvinhu. Iko kuomarara hakuna yunifomu, uye maturusi ekupfeka mapatani haafungidzike kana ukaibata senge chidimbu chine homogeneous.
Kudzvinyirira-Kunobatsirwa Sintering: Iyo Density Game Changer
Dzimwe nguva, sintering yakajairika haingokusvitse ikoko, kunyanya kuzara kwakazara kana nezvinhu zvinonyengera senge simbi dzinoramba kana mamwe maceramics. Ndiko kwaunounza pfuti huru: pressure. Kupisa Kudzvanya (HP) uye Kupisa Isostatic Kudzvanya (HIP) vari muligi rakasiyana. Isu hatishandise izvi kune akakwira-vhoriyamu, ane mutengo wakaderera-nguva yekutenderera uye mutengo wemidziyo unorambidzwa. Asi kune imwechete-kure prototype kana yakakosha chikamu mune yakakosha alloy, senge cobalt-based alloy chisimbiso chenzvimbo dzakanyanyisa, HIP inoponesa hupenyu.
Kupisa Isostatic Kudzvanya kunonakidza. Iwe unoisa chikamu chegirini mugaba rakavharwa, bvisa, uye wobva wazviisa pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya uye isostatic gasi kumanikidza (argon, kazhinji). Kudzvinyirira kunodonha mukati ma pores kubva kumativi ose, zvichiita kuti pave pedyo-theoretical density. Kubata? Nzira yekugadzira inyanzvi. Chero kudonha, uye gasi rinopinda, richiparadza chikamu. Uye iyo dimensional shanduko inotarisika zvakanyanya asi kwete nguva dzose diki kutsiva mukutanga tooling. Isu takashandisa HIP kudhindisa zvinhu zvakaomesesa zvekudyara-kukanda zvakare, izvo zvinosvibisa mutsetse pakati pechinyakare kukanda uye hupfu simbi simbi.
Muganho unoshanda, kupfuura mutengo, chikamu saizi. Chadenga chako chinotsanangurwa nehupamhi uye urefu hweHIP mudziyo wako. Kune zvikamu zvakakura, wadzokera mukurwisana neyakajairwa sintering uye kukanganisa kwayo. Icho chishandiso, chine simba kwazvo, asi kwete mhinduro yepasirese.
Spark Plasma Sintering uye Mamwe Mateki Akabatsirwa Munda
Izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvemuganho, zvinowanzovharirwa kuR&D labs kana niche kugadzirwa. Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) kana Field-Assisted Sintering Technique (FAST) inoshandisa pulsed yakananga ikozvino uye uniaxial pressure. Kutengeswa kukuru ndiko kukurumidza - kukurumidza kudziya mitengo uye nguva pfupi yekugara, iyo inogona kudzvinyirira kukura kwezviyo. Iyo inopenya kune nanomaterials kana kuchengetedza yakasarudzika poda zvimiro.
Asi kubva pakuona kwekugadzira, zvine hunyengeri. Scale-up ndicho chipingamupinyi chikuru. Kugadzira zvimiro zvakakura, zvakaomarara zvakafanana neSPS idambudziko isu tichiri kutarisa kubva padivi. Imwe nyaya ndeyekuti iyo inokurumidza kutenderera dzimwe nguva inogona kusiya zvakasara zvinonetsa kana kugadzira density gradients kana dhizaini yekufa uye nzira dzazvino dzisina kukwana. Kune kambani yakaita seQSY, iine tarisiro yekuunza yakavimbika yakakandwa uye mameshini zvikamu, isu tinotarisisa kufambira mberi uku. Iwo anogona kunge akakodzera kune ramangwana purojekiti inosanganisira inoveli alloy poda, asi parizvino, ivo vanoramba vari chishandiso chakasarudzika. Chinokosha chekutora ndechekuti 'mhando' yekuimba haisi sarudzo chete; ndicho chipingamupinyi chinotsanangurwa nemidziyo yaunokwanisa kuwana uye nehukuru hwehupfumi batch.
Chinhu Chisingatarisirwi: Kutamba seChikamu cheChain, Kwete Chitsuwa
Iyi ingangove iyo inonyanya kukosha kubva pamakore makumi matatu mubhizinesi iri. Iwe haugone kutsaura nhanho ye sintering. Kubudirira kana kukundikana kwayo kunotariswa nezvinouya pamberi uye shure. Hunhu hwehupfu (saizi yekugovera, morphology, lubricant) inoisa nhanho. Iyo compaction nzira (uniaxial, isostatic, simbi jekiseni molding) inotsanangura iyo yakasvibira density uye pore chimiro iyo sintering inofanirwa kushanda nayo.
Uye zvakanyanya, chii chinotevera? Kana chikamu chikaenda chakananga kubasa, iyo sintering inofanirwa kuendesa yekupedzisira zvivakwa. Asi paQSY, akawanda ehupfu-akagadziriswa zvikamu zvinopinda zvakakosha CNC machining. Chikamu chisina kucheneswa chinogona kunge chakavanza pasi pepasi porosity kana kuomarara kusingaenderane, izvo zvinokonzeresa kuputsika kwechishandiso, kupera kwakashata kwepamusoro, uye zvidimbu zvakaraswa panguva yekugadzira-kutambisa kukosha kwese kwakawedzerwa kusvika ipapo. Iyo sintering mbiri inofanirwa kuvandudzwa ine machinist mupfungwa. Dzimwe nguva, zviri nani kunyura kune yakadzikira zvishoma density iri yunifomu, muchina iwo, uye wobva washandisa yechipiri oparesheni senge yakaderera-tembiricha anneal kana kunyangwe kurapwa kwepamusoro kurova yekupedzisira specs.
Pakupedzisira, choto pachacho igadziriro inorarama. Iyo refractory lining inodzikisira nekufamba kwenguva, inokanganisa thermal kufanana. Kupisa zvinhu zera. Thermocouples inodonha. A sintering 'type' haisi resipi yakamira; inzira yekurarama inoda kugara ichiongororwa uye kugadziriswa. Varapi vepamusoro vandinoziva vanonzwa nezvevira ravo - vanovateerera, vanotarisa ruvara rwezvikamu zvinobuda, uye vanobatanidza izvo nematanda edata. Uku ndiko kusanganiswa kwesainzi, intuition yemidziyo, uye nzwisiso yeketani yese yekugadzira inoshandura sintering kuita yakavimbika, zuva-mukati, zuva-kunze kugadzirwa maitiro. Izvo zvishoma nezvekusarudza mhando uye zvimwe nezve kugona zvinosiyana mukati memhando yeprojekiti yako inoda.
