Paunonzwa 'ultra high precision machining', pfungwa zhinji dzinosvetuka dzakananga ku micron-level kushivirira uye kupera kwepasi kusina kukanganisa. Ndicho chikamu chazvo, chokwadi, asi chikamu chiri nyore kutaura nezvacho. Iyo chaiyo nyaya inotanga kana iwe ukaona kuti kurova iwo manhamba pane akakwana, kusagadzikana-kudzoreredzwa billet mune yemamiriro ekunze-inodzorwa lab chinhu chimwe. Kuzviwana nguva dzose pane yakaoma, as-cast chikamu chemugungwa returbine kana yekuvhiya implant, zuva nezuva, ndipo panopatsanurwa hunyanzvi kubva kune chinotengeswa. Ndiko uko makore makumi matatu ekubata zvinhu zvese kubva ku gummy nickel alloys kusvika kune brittle cast irons anokudzidzisa kuti nemazvo hakusi kungobuda nemuchina; inzira yakavakirwa pakutarisira uye kudzorwa kubvumirana.
Nheyo: Inotangira Spindle Isati Yatendeuka
Iwe haugone kugadzira izvo zvausingakwanise kuyera zvakavimbika, uye haugone kubata nemazvo pane chikamu chiri kukurwisa kubva mukati kuenda kunze. Iri ndiro gomba guru rekutanga randinoona: zvitoro zvinotora mashoko pamusoro pemadhindindi ega, achifuratira nhoroondo yezvinyorwa. Nekudyara kwekudyara kana ganda mold castings, rinova bhizinesi repakati kwatiri Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), chikamu chinosvika chine chinyorwa chayo chemukati-kunetseka kwakasara kubva pakutonhodza, kushanduka kuduku muhukobvu hwemadziro, zvingangoita micro-porosity. Kusvetuka wakananga kupedzisa kupasa iresiphi yekukanganisa post-machining, zvisinei kuti CNC yako yakanaka sei.
Iyo yekuseta nekugadzirisa zano inova yakakosha, inowanzo furatirwa, chikamu che Ultra high precision machining. Kune yakakwirira-yakakosha cobalt-based alloy valve body, isu tinogona kupedza nguva yakawanda tichigadzira uye kugadzira iyo tsika modular fixture pane yekutanga chinyorwa chikamu pachayo. Chinangwa ndechekutsigira chikamu nenzira inotevedzera chimiro chayo chekupedzisira chakaiswa, saka hausi kukiya mukushushikana. Dzimwe nguva, zvinosanganisira kutevedzana kwehungwaru: roughing op, inopisa soak kuti isunungure zvatakakurudzira, wozodzokera kugadziriso yehafu-yekupedzisira. Hazvina basa pabepa, asi ndiyo chete nzira yekuvimbisa kugadzikana.
Iri basa rekutanga rinobatana zvakananga kumashure kwehunyanzvi hwekukanda. Nekuti isu tinobata kukanda mukati-mumba, kubva kugomba mold process yeakaomesesa geometries kusvika kune yekusimbisa modhi yema alloys akakosha, isu tine forensic-level yekunzwisisa kwezvingangove zvinonetsa mustock. Ndiyo mukana usingabatike. Imwe shopu yakachena yekugadzira inowana bhokisi dema; takaona chikamu chehupenyu hwese. Izvi zvinobvumira imwe yakangwara machining maitiro kubva kune yekutanga kuseta.
The Machine Tool seMushandi, Kwete Mashiripiti
The obsession inogara iine nyowani, inokurumidza, inodhura zvakanyanya 5-axis mill. Usandibata zvisizvo, kugona ndiko kwakakosha. Asi ini ndaona kunyatsojeka kwakarasika pakudonha kwemafuta pamushini wakaregeredzwa kana kune yakasakara tepi yepini pa'state-of-the-art' centre pane kushaikwa kweakisi yechitanhatu. Kudzora kwezvakatipoteredza hakutauriki. Tiri kutaura nezve horo yakatsaurirwa uko tembiricha inobatwa mukati me ± 1 ° C bhendi, kwete yemuchina chete, asi yemetrology lab uye zvikamu zviri mumutsara. Chikamu, geji, uye muchina zvese zvinofanirwa kunge zvichiimba kubva parimwe rwiyo rweshizha zvinopisa.
Turusi manejimendi imwe imwe chinyararire mhondi yechokwadi. Nezvinhu zvakaita seInconel kana Stellite, iyo yekucheka haingopfeki; inogona micro-chip kana kukudziridza yakavakirwa-mumucheto mune imwe nyaya yemaminetsi, inoshatisa kupedzisa kwepamusoro uye kutendeseka kwenguva refu chishandiso chisati 'chatadza'. Isu tinomhanya pamusanganiswa weakarongwa shanduko uye mu-maitiro ekutarisa, kuteerera kuchekwa uye kutarisa simba rekushandisa curves. Pane hunyanzvi hwekuziva musiyano pakati peruzha rwesimbi ine hutano, ine hasha yakachekwa musimbi isina tsvina uye kutanga kwekutaura kunoparadza kutenderera kwebore.
Uye ipapo pane software, iyo CAM programming. For ultra high precision shanda, kazhinji hausi kushandisa hukasha, kubvisa zvinhu zvakagadziridzwa nzira dzekushandisa. Uri kushandisa nzira dzinononoka, dzinoenderana-kugaya trochoidal, kugadzika scallop-kureba kupedzisa-inoisa pamberi pezvinogona kufanotaurwa mutoro uye kupisa kupisa pamusoro pekumhanya kwakabikwa. Iyo purogiramu yetitanium aerospace bracket inogona kutaridzika inochengetedza, kunyange inotya, kune mumwe munhu ajaira kugadzira aluminium. Asi kutonga ikoko ndiko kunokubvumira kuti ubate chinzvimbo chechokwadi che ?0.025mm pane akawanda maficha.
Iyo Metrology Feedback Loop
Precision inotsanangurwa nechiyero, full stop. Kugona kwako kugadzira kwakangonaka sekugona kwako kuzvisimbisa. In-process probing chishandiso chikuru chekubhadhara zvigadziriso zvekugadzirisa kana kudiki kusiyanisa kwestock, asi harisi iro izwi rekupedzisira. Kune akakosha maficha, zvese zvinobva pamushini uye zvinopinda mune inodzorwa nemamiriro ekunze metrology lab. Apa ndipo paunotarisana nemimhanzi.
Isu tinovimba zvakanyanya neZeiss Contura CMM, asiwo pane yakasarudzika kit: yakakwirira-resolution yepamusoro profilometers yeRa/Rz zviyero pazviso zvekuisa chisimbiso, uye anofananidzira emeso eakaomesesa 2D profiles. Iyo data haisi yekupfuura / kutadza chitambi chete. Inodyisa zvakananga kumashure kune machinists uye programmers. Kana tikaona kutsauka kunoenderana paZ-axis yechimwe chinhu, pamwe pane chidiki chidiki chekutsauka kwechishandiso chatisina kuzvidavirira. Chikamu chinotevera chirongwa chinowana 2-micron gadziriso. Iyi loop yakavharwa, inokurumidza, uye isina kurongeka-chinyorwa chakanyorwa pane zvakadhindwa, kukurumidza kuungana pamonitor. Ndiko uko iyo theoretical process inosangana neicho chaicho cheiyo batch chaiyo yezvinhu.
Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune zvikamu zvakagadzirirwa kuungana, senge chaiyo-machini yekudyara inokandira dzimba dzatinogadzira kune hydraulic masisitimu. Chinhu chimwe chete chiri kubviswa nemamicrons mashoma chinogona kupasa kuongororwa kwacho, asi kuchikonzera kusunga kana kuvuza mugungano rekupedzisira. Iyo data yemetrology inotibatsira kuchinja pakati pebhendi redu rekushivirira kuenda ku'nzvimbo inotapira' yekukodzera, kwete kungovavarira chiyero chezita. Kududzira kunoshanda, kunotungamirwa nekushandiswa kwechokwadi.
Material ndiyo Wild Card
Apa ndipo panoparara generic machining talk. Ultra high precision machining yesimbi yakapfava chirango chakasiyana pane kuzviita pane kunaya-kuomesa tsvina se17-4PH, kana nickel-based superalloy. Chinhu chimwe nechimwe chinorwa nenzira yayo pachayo. Ductile cast iron michina inoyevedza asi ine hutsinye, inoda kungwarira sarudzo yemidziyo. Austenitic Stainless steels inoshanda-kuoma, saka kana chiyero chekudya chako chakadzikira kana chishandiso chako chisina kupinza zvakakwana, unenge uchitonhora-kushanda pamusoro, zvichiita kuti chinopfuura chiwedzere kuoma uye kuparadza hupenyu hwematurusi.
Iwo akakosha alloys — iwo cobalt uye nickel-based ayo atinowanzo shanda nawo QSY- vari muchikwata chavo pachavo. Ivo vanochengeta simba pakupisa kwakanyanya, izvo zvakanakira magumo-kushandiswa mumaturbines kana makemikari kugadzirisa, asi anotyisa pakugadzira. Kupisa kunogara muchip uye chishandiso, kwete chikamu. Izvi zvinoda exotic tool geometries, high-pressure coolant yakanangidzirwa pamucheto wekucheka, uye kugadzirira kwepfungwa kwekumhanya kunononoka. Iyo 'chaiyo' pano yakawanda pamusoro pekugadzirisa kupisa kwekuisa kudzivirira chikamu kukanganisa uye pamusoro pekuvimbika kukuvadzwa sekunge kuri kurova zviyero.
Ndinoyeuka purojekiti pachikamu cheMonel apo takawana migumisiro yakakwana pamutambo wekutanga, asi kusara kwekunetseka kubva mukugadzira kwakakonzera kuti iparadze panguva yechipiri EDM mavhiki ekushanda gare gare. Chikamu chacho chaive nehunyanzvi 'in spec' kusvika chisipo. Takadzidza kuti nemamwe eaya anotemesa alloys, iyo machining zano rinofanirwa kusanganisira manejimendi ekudzora seyekutanga KPI, kunyangwe zvichireva kuwedzera nhanho yepakati. Iyo yakadhindwa haidaidzi izvozvo kunze, asi ruzivo runodaro.
Chinhu Chomunhu uye Manzwiro
Automation inonakidza pakudzokororwa. Asi chokwadi ultra high precision shanda, kunyanya pane yakaderera-vhoriyamu, yakakwirira-yakaomesesa zvikamu, iyo yakarungwa machinist's intuition ichiri yekupedzisira algorithm. Ndiye mukomana anoona harmonic yakati siyanei muruzha rwekutenderera panguva yekupedzisa kupfuudza pakadzika bhoo uye ofunga kumira, tarisa chishandiso, uye pamwe gadzirisa kuyerera kunotonhorera. Icho chiitiko chekutarisa chikamu chekutanga-chinyoro kubva pamushini, pamberi peCMM chirevo, uye kunongedza kune chimwe chinhu chinoti, Iro bendekete rinogona kunge rakati wandei kubva mugumi kumusoro, zvichibva pane chimwe chinhu kunze kwechimiro chechimiro cheakachekwa.
Uku kunzwa kwakavakirwa pazviuru zvemaawa uye, zvakakosha, pane kukundikana. Takarasa maparts anodhura. Wese anga ari mumutambo uyu ane. Chinokosha kuvaka tsika apo kukundikana ikoko kunoongororwa pasina mhosva. Kwakanga kuri kusawirirana kwezvinhu kubva pakunyunguduka here? Kutarisisa kwechirongwa mushanduko yenzira yezvishandiso? Koreti yanga isina kuchena sezvayaiita? Iyo post-mortem yakakosha kupfuura chero bhuku rekuverenga. Inogadzira ruzivo rwemasangano runopfuudzwa, kazhinji nenzira yemitemo yakapfava yechitoro kana chekutarisa zvinhu zvinowedzerwa kumufambi kune iyo chaiyo chikamu nhamba.
Pakupera kwezuva, webhusaiti, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, inogona kunyora zvatinokwanisa muCNC machining uye hunyanzvi hwezvinhu. Asi izvo zvisingakwanisi kuburitsa zvizere ndeizvi zvakaunganidzwa, zvinenge tactile kunzwisisa kuti simbi inoita sei pasi pemucheki. Ndiwo mutsauko pakati pekushandisa muchina uye kuronga maitiro. Chinangwa che Ultra high precision machining haisi kungoita chikamu chinotaridzika zvakanaka pane CMM report; ndiko kuendesa chikamu chinoita zvisina mhosva, zvinofanotaurwa, mukushandiswa kwazvinoda, ingave iri pasi pegungwa kana mukati memuviri wemunhu. Uye rwendo irworwo rwunogara rwunotanga nguva refu G-code isati yatanga.
