Ngativei chokwadi, vanhu vazhinji pavanonzwa 'wax metal casting', vanofungidzira mhizha iri yoga ichiveza chivezwa chewakisi chisati chanyangarika neutsi kuti chitsiviwa nesimbi inopenya. Mufananidzo iwoyo werudo chikamu chenyaya, asi chokwadi cheindasitiri-zvatinodaidza Investment casting-ine gritty, chaiyo, uye inowanzoshungurudza ballet yemakemikari, thermodynamics, uye kushivirira kwakakwana. Pfungwa isiriyo huru? Kuti iri nyore, nhanho imwe 'yakarasika wakisi' maitiro. Hazvisizvo. Iketani, uye chese chinongedzo, kubva pakutanga wakisi pateni kusvika pakupedzisira shakeout, inzvimbo inogona kutadza. Ndakaona madhirigi akawanda achibviswa kubva mumhepo diki diki yakavharirwa mugoko receramic kupfuura kubva kune chero kukanganisa kwesimbi. Ndipo panoitika basa chairo.
Wakisi Ndiwo Mavambo
Wese munhu anotarisa pamusoro pewakisi, uye chokwadi, zvakakosha. Asi rudzi rwewakisi? Haisi unyanzvi hwekuveza wakisi. Isu tinoshandisa enjiniya jekiseni wax, musanganiswa wakagadzirirwa chaiwo shrinkage mitengo, madota emukati, uye kuoma. Panzvimbo yakaita seQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), nemakumi emakore avo mumutambo, vachange vaine raibhurari yewakisi yemabasa akasiyana. Bhaketi rakatetepa-rakakomberedzwa nemhepo rinoda kuyerera kwakasiyana pane muviri wakasimba wevharuvhu. Kuwana jekiseni paramita zvisizvo pano-tembiricha, kudzvanywa, nguva yekutenderera-zvinoreva kuti maitiro anokanganisa gare gare. Uye kukanganisa padanho rewakisi kunowedzera muchikamu chesimbi yekupedzisira. Ndakadzidza kuti nzira yakaoma pakutanga, kugadzira batch yegiya blanks izvo zvaive zvisinganzwisisike kunze-kwe-kutenderera; akaitsvaga kusvika pakutonhodza wakisi zvishoma nezvishoma mudhishi.
Musangano wepateni, kana kuti 'muti', ndehumwe hunyanzvi hwakaderera. Haisi kungonamira zvidimbu zvewakisi pasprue. Uri kugadzira nzira yekudyisa yesimbi yakanyungudutswa. Maitiro aunoita zvikamu, dhayamita yevamhanyi, kuiswa kwemagedhi-izvi zvose zvinorayira kusimba. Kusakwana kwegeji kunotungamira mukudonha mhango, hurema hwemukati hunogona kungoonekwa muX-ray. Ndinoyeuka purojekiti yepombi impeller mu duplex simbi isina tsvina kwataigara tichiwana porosity muhub. Isu takagadzira patsva muti wewakisi, tichiwedzera madiki, anonangwa machenera, uye yakacheneruka kumusoro. Aya ma tweaks, akazvarwa kubva mukukundikana, anoparadzanisa chitoro chebasa kubva kune nyanzvi.
Ipapo kunouya jasi rekutanga, yekutanga ceramic dip. Iyi haisi nyaya yakajairika. Iyo slurry, musanganiswa wefurawa yakatsetseka uye binder, inofanirwa kunyorovesa wakisi zvakakwana kutora zvese. Chero chigamba chidiki icho slurry hachinamatire kuti ive 'zvimbi' kana bumpu pakukanda. Iyo stucco, kana jecha refractory, rinoiswa pakarepo mushure. Ukuru hwegrit yejasi rekutanga iyi ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka-ndiyo inokupa kupedzisa kwepamusoro. Ndapedza maawa ndine maikorosikopu ndichienzanisa hupfu hwezircon vs. fused silica yejasi riya rekutanga pane chimwe chikamu chinoda Ra 3.2 microinch kupera. Chisarudzo chine basa.
The Shell Building: Muedzo weKushivirira
Kuvaka goko iri marathon, kwete sprint. Iwe unoisa jasi mushure mejasi, uchichinjana pakati peslurry uye zvishoma nezvishoma coarser stucco (senge aluminosilicate), ichirega yega yega yega yakaoma zvachose munzvimbo inodzorwa. Humidity ndiye muvengi pano. Kunyorova kwepamusoro kunononoka kuoma, zvichiita kuti goko risina simba. Kukurumidza, uye unowana mitswe. Isu tinovavarira 7 kusvika 9 layers kazhinji, asi kune yakakura simbi yekukanda, inogona kunge iri gumi nemaviri kana kupfuura. Nheyo yega yega inowedzera ukobvu uye simba kushingirira ferrostatic pressure yesimbi yakanyungudutswa. Ndakaita matemhe akakundikana—kutsemuka kunotyisa panguva yokudira—nokuti takakurumidza kuomeswa nezuva rezhizha rine hunyoro. Chidzidzo chinodhura mukuremekedza maitiro.
Dewaxing ndipo panobva zita rekuti 'rasika wakisi', uye idanho rechisimba. Isu hatinyungudise wakisi zvinyoronyoro. Iyo yakajairwa nzira ndeye autoclave dewaxing: goko rinoiswa kune yakakwira-pressure steam, iyo inokurumidza kupisa wakisi, ichiita kuti iwedzere uye ibude kunze. Kana goko risina kuoma zvakakwana, mhepo yemhepo inogona kuiputira kunze kwemukati. Nerumwewo, kupisa kwemoto kunopisa — kukandira goko muchoto chinopisa — kunokurumidza asi kune ngozi kune kuvhunduka kwekupisa. Chinangwa ndechekusiya yakakwana, yakachena ceramic cavity. Chero dota rewakisi rasara rinogona kusvibisa pamusoro pesimbi gare gare.
Mushure mekuita dewaxing, goko rinotungidzwa muchoto pane tembiricha yakanyanya, kazhinji inotenderedza 1000°C. Izvi zvinoita zvinhu zviviri: zvinopisa chero zvisaririra zvewakisi kana binder, uye inonyura zvidimbu zveceramic pamwe chete, zvichigadzira mold yakasimba, inopindika yakagadzirira kudirwa. Iyo yekupfura chirongwa yakakosha. Kukwira nekukurumidza, uye kushushikana kwekushisa kunotsemura goko. Goko rinopfurwa harina kusimba asi rinokwanisa kutsungirira kupisa. Unoibata neruremekedzo rwakadzama.
Kudurura, Shakeout, uye Nguva Yechokwadi
Kudurura ndicho chikamu chinoshamisa. Mold, ichiri kupisa kubva muchoto, inoiswa mufurasiki yakazadzwa nejecha kuti itsigire. Simbi-ti, a nickel-based alloy yeturbine blade-inonyungudutswa muvacuum kana induction furnace kune chaiyo kupisa kwakanyanya. Kudira kunoda kukurumidza uye kuenderera mberi kudzivirira kutonhora kuvhara. Iwe unoona simbi ichifashamira mumupupu mukombe, uyezve iri mutambo wakamirira sezvainoomesa. Kupisa kwegoko kunokanganisa zvakananga chimiro chezviyo zvesimbi. Ndicho chikonzero keramic recipe yakakosha kune akawanda ekutanga.
Kana yatonhodzwa, inguva yekuzunza. Iri i brute force inosangana ne finesse. Iwe unotyora ganda receramic kure, kazhinji nesando yepneumatic kana tafura yekuzunguza. Basa rine ruzha, rine huruva. Chasara muti wesimbi, wakafukidzwa nedhaka resimbi. Izvo zvikamu zvakagurwa kubva pakati sprue uchishandisa abrasive mavhiri kana bhendi masaha. Ino ndiyo nguva yekutanga iwe unonyatsoona kukanda mbishi. Manzwiro paunoona akachena, fomu rakazara richibuda irerudzo chaiyo. Manzwiro paunoona chikamu chisipo kana kuderera kukuru? Dread.
Kucheneswa kwekutanga kunosanganisira kuputika kwejecha kana kuchenesa makemikari kubvisa mabheti ekupedzisira egoko. Ipapo kuongorora kunotanga. Dimensional cheki, kuongorora kwekuona kwehurema hwepasi, dhayi inopinda mukati mekuyedza kune makatsemuka. Kune zvikamu zvakakosha, senge izvo QSY inogadzira machining muzvikamu zvekupedzisira, unoenda kune radiographic (X-ray) kana ultrasonic bvunzo kuti uwane kukanganisa kwemukati. Apa ndipo panotongwa matanho ekutanga. A cluster of porosity pa X-ray film inogona kazhinji kurondwa kumashure kune wax pattern issue kana gating dhizaini kukanganisa kubva mazuva apfuura.
Sei Zvisiri Zvekungoita Zvekukanda
Heino nyaya yemazuva ano wakisi kukanda simbi: kashoma kupera kwemutsara. The as-cast part is near-net-shape blank. Kuti ishande, inoda kugara ichida machining. Apa ndipo panodiwa kubatanidzwa. Chivako chinonzwisisa kugadzira igoridhe. Ivo vanozogadzira iyo yekukanda ine machining datums mupfungwa, wedzera shoma asi yakakwana stock allowance, uye funga clamping mapoinzi. QSY modhi yekupa zvese zvekudyara kukanda uye CNC machining pasi pedenga rimwe chete zvine musoro wakakwana. Vanogona kukanda 17-4PH Stainless simbi vharuvhu muviri ane dzakakomba chisimbiso zviso zvakasiiwa se-kukandwa, vachiziva chaizvo kuti yakawanda sei stock yekusiira yavo CNC mills kuti vapedze kusvika Ra 0.8 yakakwana. Iyo inobvisa kunongedzera kwemunwe pakati pekukandira kwakasiyana uye zvitoro zvemuchina.
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kwakakoshawo kune maitiro. Investment casting inokunda nema alloys ayo akaoma kugaya. Izvo zvine hupfumi kukanda chimiro chakaomarara kubva kuInconel 718 pane kuchigadzira kubva kune yakasimba block. Iyo nzira tsvina ishoma. Kune zvikamu zvidiki zvepamusoro-soro, semisoro yekirabhu yegorofu kana ma implants emazino, vanoshandisa akawanda-cavity wax anofa uye otomatiki muti musangano. Kune yakaderera-vhoriyamu, yakakura zvikamu-funga imwe pombi pombi yekugara yekushanda kwemigodhi-inogona kunge iri muti wakaunganidzwa nemaoko kubva pamatanho akaitwa kuburikidza nekukurumidza prototyping. Maitiro acho anoyera, asi nheyo dzepakati hadzichinji.
Ndakaona zvitoro zvichiedza kucheka makona-kushandisazve slurry kakawanda, kupfupisa nguva dzekuomeswa, kusvetuka kuongorora kuzere kwemafuta pane dhizaini nyowani. Inenge inogara ichidzokera shure, zvichikonzera mitengo yepamusoro yezvirashwa inodzima chero mari inofungidzirwa kuti yakachengetedzwa. Makambani anogara, seaya ane makore makumi matatu enhoroondo, anonzwisisa kuti ihurongwa. Zviri pamusoro kudzora mazana akasiyana-siyana kuti uwane kufanana. Haasi mashiripiti; zvine hungwaru, dzimwe nguva zvinofinha, kutonga.
Pfungwa dzekupedzisira: Nzira yekunatsa
Saka, wax metal casting, kana kuisa mari, haisi imwe nzira. Icho chimiro. Wakisi ndiyo inotangira, asi ceramic shell system ndiyo moyo wechokwadi, uye simbi ndiyo mweya. Kubudirira kunoenderana nemabatiro aunoita kudyidzana pakati pavo. Iwo maitiro anokodzera kuoma, kune alloys anoseka kucheka maturusi, uye kune maapplication uko kuita kunorira zvese.
Kune mainjiniya ekugadzira chikamu chitsva, zano rangu risingakumbirwe nderekutaura kune yako yekutanga. Usangotumira yekupedzisira CAD modhi yekotesheni. Vasanganisire mudhizaini-ye-manufacturability nhanho. Kuchinja kwekona kushoma, kuchinjika kweradius, kana gedhi rakatamiswa zvinogona kureva musiyano uripo pakati pegoho re95% uye goho re70%. Unyanzvi hwemugadziri akabatanidzwa hausi mukudurura simbi chete; iri mukufambisa cheni yese kubva pawakisi kuenda kune yakapedzwa inogadzirwa nemichina.
Pakupedzisira, izvo zvinobuda mugomba receramic rakaputsika zvinopfuura simbi. Ndiwo mugumo wenhevedzano refu yenhano dzinodzorwa, imwe neimwe ichitsamira pane yokupedzisira. Kana ichishanda, inonzwa kushoma sekugadzira uye yakawanda senge alchemy, inowanikwa kuburikidza nekuyedza, kukanganisa, uye yakaunganidzwa grit. Ndiyo nyaya chaiyo kuseri kwenamo.
