Xa usiva i-'AISI 8620 yokusatshalaliswa kotyalo-mali', ingcamango ekhawulezileyo yabaninzi malunga neempawu zayo zokungcwaba iigiya okanye iishafti. Kuchanekile oko, kodwa kulapho ukwenziwa lula kakhulu kuqala. Ngokwenyani, ukukhankanya i-8620 yokuphosa ayikokuphawula nje ibhokisi yezinto kumzobo; iyazibophelela kwitsheyini lenkqubo apho isakhono se-Foundry ekuphatheni i-low-alloy steel solidification yokuziphatha iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu njengekhemistri ngokwayo. Ndibone uyilo oluninzi lusilela hayi ngenxa yokuba i-8620 yayilukhetho olungalunganga, kodwa ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yokuphosa ayizange ilungelelaniswe neempawu zayo ezithile, ezikhokelela kubulukhuni obungahambelaniyo betyala okanye ukushwabana okufihlakeleyo. Le asiyomathiriyeli yethiyori; ngumceli mngeni wezandla.
Ubume be-alloy kunye ne-Casting Compromise
I-AISI 8620 yintsimbi ye-nickel-chromium-molybdenum esebenzayo, idunyiswa ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kunye nokuphendula okuthembekileyo kwi-carburizing. Nangona kunjalo, ukuziphatha kwayo kokuphosa kwahlukile kwindlela eyenziwe ngayo. Into ephambili kukulawula i-carbon gradient kwasekuqaleni. Kwi-investment casting, ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwamacandelo abhityileyo ngamanye amaxesha kunokukhokelela kulwakhiwo olucolekileyo kunoko lulindelwe njenge-cast, olulungileyo, kodwa lunyusa umngcipheko we-micro-porosity ukuba i-gating kunye nenkqubo yokutya ayilungiselelwanga kolu luhlu oluthile lokuqiniswa kwe-alloy. Awunakusebenzisa nje uyilo olufanayo lwesikhuphukeli onokuthi ulusebenzisele intsimbi yekhabhoni elula.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yendlu yesivamvo efuna zombini ukuqina koxinzelelo kunye nomphezulu ongagugiyo. Umxhasi wagxininisa aisi 8620 utyalo mali. Iibhetshi ezimbalwa zokuqala ziphumelele iitshekhi ezinobukhulu kodwa aziphumelelanga kuvavanyo loxinzelelo. Ingxaki? Isolated micro-shrinkage. Asizange siphendule ngokupheleleyo malunga nendlela i-molybdenum kwi-8620 etshintsha ngayo kancinane iimfuno zokutya. Ulungiso alubandakanyi nje ukwandisa izinyusi, kodwa ukuzimisa kwakhona ukudala ukuqina okuthe kratya kumacandelo abalulekileyo. Yayisisikhumbuzo sokuba i-alloy's spec sheet ayidwelisi ubuntu bayo bokuphosa.
Apha kulapho amava e-Foundry yexesha elide ahlawula khona. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye namashumi amathathu eminyaka kuqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali, ngewakhile ithala ledatha elinamandla. Banokwazi, umzekelo, ukuba i-8620, iqondo lobushushu lokuthululwa lifuna ifestile eqinile kunezinye iintsimbi eziphantsi kwe-alloy ukulinganisa ubumanzi kunye nobukhulu beenkozo. Olu lwazi luyigranular, inkqubo-ingqwalasela ethile eyahlula ukuphosa okusebenzayo kokuthembeka okuphezulu.
Apho Inkqubo Yenze okanye Yaphula iSahlulo
Umtsalane wotyalo-mali kumacandelo angama-8620 ucacile: iijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo, ukugqiba okugqwesileyo komphezulu, kunye nefomu ekufutshane nenetha. Kodwa inkqubo yokwenza iqokobhe ngokwayo isebenzisana ne-alloy. Iqokobhe le-ceramic kufuneka libe nokuzinza okuphezulu kwe-thermal ukuphepha ukuphendula nge-manganese kunye ne-chromium kwi-8620 ngexesha lokugalela, elinokukhokelela kwiziphene zomhlaba. Iqokobhe elikumgangatho ophantsi okanye ubushushu obungachanekanga bangaphambi kobushushu bunokwazisa umphezulu we-carburization okanye i-decarburization nangaphambi kokuba inxalenye ingene kwisithando somlilo sokushisa, ukuphosa yonke into yokubala ukuqina.
Emva kokuphoswa, indlela i-nuanced ngokulinganayo. Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kuphantse kungaxoxiswana phambi komatshini, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinamacandelwana ahlukeneyo. Ndenze impazamo yokutsiba kube kanye kwibhetshi yeprototype yeengalo ezinxibelelanayo, ndicinga ukuba uxinzelelo lokuphoswa luphantsi. Isiphumo yaba kukugqwetheka ngexesha lomatshini orhabaxa othe wasusa isiqingatha sebhetshi. Iindleko zaloo mjikelo wokunceda uxinezeleko zincinci xa zithelekiswa nexabiso lezinto ezilahliweyo ezenziwe ngoomatshini.
Emva koko kuza unyango lobushushu. Inkqubo eqhelekileyo kukungcwatywa kunye nokucinywa. Kodwa umgangatho wokuqala wokuphosa uyalela yonke into. Ukuba kukho naluphi na ulwahlulo lwe-dendritic okanye iibhendi zokubandakanywa ezincinci ezivela kwinkqubo yokuphosa, ukucinywa kunokuzibaxa, okukhokelela kubunzima obungalinganiyo okanye ukucima ukuqhekeka. Iqabane elisisiseko elilungileyo aliyi kuhambisa nje umboniso; baya kubonelela ngeprothokholi yonyango lobushushu oluqinisekisiweyo olusekwe kwimeko eyiyo yokuphosa. Ukususela kwinkcazo ye-QSY yokusebenza kunye ne-alloys ezikhethekileyo, le ndlela edibeneyo yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nenkqubo mhlawumbi iyingxenye eqhelekileyo yenkonzo yabo, ebalulekileyo kwizinto ezifana ne-8620 apho iipropati zokugqibela zenziwa inkqubo.
I-CNC Machining: I-Critical Finish
Kulapho 'utyalo-mali' luhlawula ngokwenene. Inxalenye ye-8620 ephoswe kakuhle kufuneka ibe nesibonelelo esincinci sesitokhwe, kodwa eso sitokhwe kufuneka sifane. I-machinability of as-cast 8620 yahlukile kumlingane wayo owenziweyo. Ulusu olutyhidiweyo lunzima kwaye lunokutshatyalaliswa kwizixhobo. Inkqubo eyomeleleyo isebenzisa ukusikeka okuthambileyo ukugqobhoza ulusu phambi kokuba uqhubele phambili kumatshini onzima. Ukuzama ukonga ixesha ngokusebenzisa iiparamitha zemathiriyeli ekhandiweyo kudla ngokukhokelela ekunxityweni kwesixhobo esikhawulezileyo kunye nokunganyaniseki komphezulu kubuso obungoomatshini bokugqibela.
Kwicandelo elifana nomthwali weplanethi yothumelo, iijenali ezithweleyo kunye ne-splines zenziwa ngoomatshini emva kokuphosa. Ukuhambelana kobunzima bokuphosa kunye nokungabikho kwe-voids yangaphakathi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba inkqubo yokuphosa yazisa i-porosity encinci ngaphantsi komhlaba, i-machining pass inokuyivula, idale ukwaliwa. Yiyo loo nto ulawulo lwenkqubo kwisigaba se-Foundry lutyalo-mali kwimveliso yomatshini. Umthengisi onikezela ngokudibeneyo utyalo mali kwaye CNC Machining, njenge-QSY, ine-loop yengxelo ethe ngqo. Iqela labo elisebenza ngoomatshini linokuphawula ngoko nangoko isiphene sokuphosa esiphinda-phindayo kwiqela labo labasunguli, nto leyo evumela ulungiso lwengcambu yokuba ivenkile yoomatshini yangaphandle inokuxela nje 'ibhetshi embi'.
I-synergy ingundoqo. Banokucwangcisa ukuqhelaniswa nokusa kunye neendawo zesango becinga ngoomatshini bokugqibela, ngamanye amaxesha bade bakhuphe iimpawu zokuqala zedatha. Eli nqanaba lokulungelelaniswa linciphisa ixesha elipheleleyo lokuvelisa kunye neendleko, ukuguqula ukuphosa okukrwada kwindawo egqityiweyo, echanekileyo ephezulu ngokufanelekileyo.
Ii-Reality-World Applications kunye ne-Misaapplications
Ii-8620 zotyalo-mali zikhanya kwizicelo ezifuna undoqo oqinileyo kunye nomphezulu oqinileyo, ongagugiyo. Cinga ngemizimba yevalvu yehydraulic, apho amazibuko angaphakathi afuna umphezulu oqinileyo ukuxhathisa ukhukuliseko lokuphuma kwamanzi, kodwa umzimba ufuna amandla okumelana noxinzelelo. Okanye amacandelo athile angeyo-magnetic sensor apho iipropathi zayo zilungile. Nangona kunjalo, lukhetho olungalunganga lwenkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu okanye indawo ezonakalisa kakhulu-kulapho i-nickel okanye i-cobalt-based alloys ingena khona, iindawo ze-QSY's material portfolio nazo zigubungela.
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi okuqhelekileyo kukusebenzisa apho kufuneka ukuqina. I-8620 isisiseko sokuqina kwentsimbi. Ndibone uyilo lubiza i-8620 yokuphosa ukuba yenziwe nzima ukuya kwi-40 HRC. Ingenziwa, kodwa awusebenzisi eyona nto iphambili kuyo, kwaye unokukhonzwa ngcono nge-4140 okanye i-4340 ibakala eliyilelwe oko. Isigqibo kufuneka siqhutywe ngumsebenzi, kungekhona nje ukuqhelana.
Ubalo loqoqosho nalo lubalulekile. Kwiimilo ezilula, ezinkulu, ukubumba okanye ukwenza omatshini ukusuka kwisitokhwe sebha kunokungabizi kakhulu. Ixabiso le aisi 8620 utyalo mali ivulwe nge-complex, 3D geometries enokufuna umatshini obanzi okanye indibano enamacandelo amaninzi ngenye indlela. Ixabiso elingaphambili lezixhobo zepatheni yewax ingqinisiseka ngokucuthwa komatshini osezantsi kunye nomsebenzi wokuhlanganisa.
Ukukhangela uKhetho loMboneleli
Ukukhetha umthengisi we-8620 yotyalo-mali ayithethi nje ngokufumana ikowuti. Luphicotho lobugcisa. Kuya kufuneka ubuze malunga namava abo athile ngeentsimbi ezisezantsi: Leliphi inqanaba labo eliqhelekileyo lolawulo lokuqukwa? Bayila njani isango lokungena kwezi ngxubevange? Ngaba banokubonelela ngeengxelo ze-metallurgical kubandakanywa ubungakanani beenkozo kunye neemvavanyo zebhendi yokuqina? Ukuvuma komthengisi ukuxoxa ngezi nkcukacha sisalathisi esihle sobunzulu bazo.
Ubomi obude benkampani kwintsimi, njengembali ye-QSY yeminyaka engama-30, ihlala ihambelana nolwazi oluqokelelweyo lokusombulula iingxaki. Bakhe badibana-kwaye basonjululwa-imiba yerhasi porosity kumacandelo ashinyeneyo okanye ukufikelela kwindawo egqibeleleyo kumphezulu wepaseji enekhorari. La mava aguqulela kwizinto ezothusayo ezimbalwa ngexesha lemveliso.
Ekugqibeleni, khangela ukudibanisa. Iqabane elifanelekileyo lilawula uhambo ukusuka kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuya kwinxalenye egqityiweyo. Oku kuqinisekisa uxanduva lokuphendula. Ukuba kuvela ingxaki yonyango lobushushu, akukho ngqiqweni malunga nokuba ibisisakhelo sokuphosa okanye umjikelo wokuphatha ubushushu. Kumacandelo abalulekileyo, olu lawulo olungenamthungo ukusuka iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa ukuya kumatshini wokugqibela asinto ilula; yimfuneko yokufezekisa ukusebenza okungaguqukiyo i-AISI 8620 ekwaziyo ukuyihambisa.
