Xa usiva 'utyalo-mali lwentsimbi yealloyi', ingcinga ekhawulezileyo ihlala itsibela kumabakala abonakalayo - 4140, 4340, 8620 - kunye nesithembiso seejometri ezintsonkothileyo. Leyo yintetho yencwadana. Ibali lokwenyani, elimisela ukuba inxalenye iphila okanye ifa enkonzweni, iqala emva kokuba uphawule ibhokisi kwikhemistri. Imalunga 'njani', hayi nje 'yintoni'. Ndibone uyilo oluninzi oluchaza i-alloy ephezulu yokusebenza kuphela ukuba ingaphumeleli kuba inkqubo yokuqonda yayingekho. Umtsalane ucacile: iindawo ezikufutshane ne-net-shape, ukugqiba umgangatho obalaseleyo, inkululeko yoyilo. Kodwa umsantsa phakathi kwaloo mtsalane kunye necandelo elisebenzayo elihleli kwindibano kulapho kwenzeka khona owona msebenzi.
Umdaniso oPhambili: Ukuziphatha kweAlloy kunye neNkqubo yeWindows
Makhe sithethe ngokunyibilika. Ngeentsimbi zealloyi, awugaleli nje isinyithi esingamanzi; ulawula i-cocktail yezinto ezifuna ukuziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngexesha lokuqiniswa. I-Chromium, i-molybdenum, i-nickel-zikho ukomelela kunye nokuqina, kodwa ziyayitshintsha ipateni yokuqinisa. Umgibe oqhelekileyo kukuphatha ukugalela njengentsimbi yekhabhoni eqhelekileyo. Ayiyo. I-viscosity iyatshintsha, i-fluidity iyatshintsha. Ukuba isango lakho lokungena nokunyuka liyilelwe 'intsimbi' eqhelekileyo, umema ukushwabana kwe-porosity kwezona ndawo zimbi, zihlala zifihlwa ngaphakathi. Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yeengalo ze-lever ye-hydraulic system, ngo-8630, eyaphumelela uvavanyo lokuqala kodwa yasilela kuvavanyo lokudinwa. Umphezulu wokwaphuka ubonise umngxuma oqhelekileyo wokushwabana kanye kwifayili yoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ipateni yayigqibelele, indibano ye-wax yayilungile. Ingxaki? Iqondo lobushushu lokugalela laliphezulu kakhulu kwiimpawu zobushushu zengxubevange ethile, ikhuthaza indlela ethile yokushwabana. Sayicofa emva, kungekhona ngenombolo yencwadana, kodwa ngokuziva kunye nezilingo ezilandelelanayo, kwaye ingxaki yaphela.
Kulapho iqokobhe libaluleka khona. Asinto nje yokubumba. Kwiintsimbi ze-alloy, ezihlala zinobushushu obuphezulu bokugalela, ukuxhathisa kwe-thermal ye-thermal ye-thermal kunye ne-permeability ayinakuxoxisana. Iqokobhe elibuthathaka kakhulu liya kuqhekeka okanye lonakale; enye enokungena okuphantsi ibamba iigesi, ezikhokelela kwimingxuma emphezulu okanye kwizivuthelo. Siye sabeka emgangathweni inkqubo yesilica edityanisiweyo enemigangatho emininzi enomlinganiselo othile wokubopha umsebenzi wethu wealloyi ephezulu. Yiresiphi ezelwe kwiminyaka yokuqhekeka kwamaqokobhe (ngokoqobo) kunye nokuvavanya ukusilela. Ufunda ukuba umjikelo we-autoclave we-autoclave ubaluleke kakhulu njenge-slurry viscosity - uthuthu olushiyekileyo olusuka kwipateni engatshiswanga kakuhle lunokubangela iziphene kumphezulu wokuphoswa kwesandi ngenye indlela.
Unyango lobushushu kulapho amandla e-alloy avulwa okanye wonakaliswa. Ungayiphosa ijiyometri egqibeleleyo ngo-4140, kodwa ukuba unyango lobushushu alulunganga, usenokuba usebenzise imathiriyeli efikelelekayo. Umceli mngeni wokuboniswa kotyalo-mali bubukhulu becandelo eliguquguquka rhoqo. Icandelo elincinci liya kupholisa kwaye liguqule ngokwahlukileyo kwi-hub eninzi ngexesha lokucima. Siye saya ekucimeni irhasi yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwiziko lokufunxa ukupholisa okufanayo kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, akumiselwanga-kwaye-kulibele. Kuya kufuneka wazi apho ubeka khona i-thermocouples, indlela yokulungisa iindawo zokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka. Yincoko ephindaphindwayo phakathi kwesiseko kunye nesicoci sobushushu. Ndiye ndanengxabano nabathengi abafuna ixabiso elinye lobunzima kwindawo ethile kunye necandelo le-4: 1 umahluko - akunakwenzeka ngokwasemzimbeni ngaphandle kokulalanisa kwenye indawo. Into ephambili kukulawula okulindelweyo kunye nokugxila kubunzima kunye ne-microstructure kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza.
Precision Machining: Iqabane eliyimfuneko
Akukho kutyalo-mali olululo ngokwenene 'ukwakheka komnatha' kwinxalenye yentsimbi yengxubevange yokunyamezelana okuphezulu. Kuhlala kukho indawo yokukhwelana, ibhore, okanye imisonto efuna ukwenziwa. Kulapho i-synergy - okanye ukuqhawula - phakathi kokuphosa kunye nomatshini kuchaza ixabiso lokugqibela. Senza ezethu CNC Machining endlwini, kwaye oko kudityaniswa ngokuthe nkqo kukutshintsha umdlalo. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba i-machinist edibana neendawo ezinzima okanye i-porosity engalindelekanga kwi-bore ebalulekileyo inokuhamba ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Foundry floor kwaye ixoxe nge-log yokugalela kunye ne-foreman enyibilikayo.
Thatha indlu impompo senziwe CF8M stainless (imingeni efanayo ezininzi ingxubevange steels malunga machinability). Ubuso be-as-cast flange babulungile, kodwa ukubhobhoza kwetywina le-shaft kufuna ukugqitywa kwesipili kunye nokunyamezelana okuqinileyo. Ukusikwa kokuqala kubonise izinto ezimbalwa ezisasazekileyo, ezincinci. Akwanelanga ukuvuza, kodwa ngokwaneleyo ukuba ukhathazeke umthengi. Ngenxa yokuba silawule zombini iinkqubo, sinokuyilandelela emva kwimeko ethile yelayini kobo bushushu. Sayihlengahlengisa indlela yokuziqhelanisa, kwaye ibhetshi elandelayo yasebenza njengebhotolo. Ukuba umatshini ubukhutshelwe ngaphandle, i-loop yempendulo ibiya kuba ziiveki ezinde, kunye nokutshintshwa kwetyala phakathi. Kwiinkampani ezifana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), le ndlela edibeneyo, ehamba ngaphezu kwamashumi amathathu eminyaka, yinto exazulula iingxaki. Ungayibona ifilosofi yabo kwindawo yabo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com – badwelisa iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa, utyalo mali, kwaye CNC Machining njengeenkonzo ezingundoqo ngesizathu. Kukuqondwa ukuba inxalenye ayigqitywanga de yenziwe ngoomatshini.
Uyilo lwe-fixture ye-machining castings bubugcisa bayo obumnyama. Awuyibambeli kwibillet; ubamba ukuphosa ngamanye amaxesha-okungaqhelekanga. Ukufumana indawo ephosiweyo kufuna ukucwangciswa ngononophelo ukunqanda ukukhulisa ukunyamezelana. Sihlala siyila izilungiso ezibhekiselele kwiidatum ezithile ezisekwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphosa ngokwayo - ngamanye amaxesha kudityaniswa neephedi zendawo eziye zacinywa kumatshini wokugqibela. Yongeza inyathelo, kodwa iqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwendawo phakathi kweempawu eziphosiweyo kunye nezo zenziwe ngoomatshini.
IiNuances zeMathiriyeli: Xa isinyithi singonelanga
Igama elithi 'intsimbi yealloyi' libhakethi elikhulu. Ukhetho phakathi kwe-alloy ephantsi njenge-4110 kunye nesixhobo sensimbi esifana ne-H13 sisisiseko, asinyuki. Ukusetyenziswa kokunxiba okuphezulu okufana nevalve yokulungisa okanye iipleyiti zokunxiba, siye saya kumabanga alungisiweyo kunye ne-vanadium eyongeziweyo yokwenza i-carbide. Inkqubo yokuphosa kwezi zinto inoburhalarhume-ubushushu obuphezulu, iisistim ezindlongondlongo zeqokobhe, kunye nokupholisa okulawulwa kakhulu ukuthintela ukuqhekeka. Ngumngcipheko ophezulu, umvuzo ophezulu. Siphulukene nomthi wonke wokufakwa kwezixhobo ze-H13 kanye ngenxa yendibaniselwano yokugalela okubandayo kakhulu kunye neqokobhe ebelingqindilili kakhulu. Uxinzelelo lwe-thermal lwalukwanele ukubangela iinyembezi ezishushu kwindawo nganye. Isifundo esineendleko zokuhlonipha imida yenkqubo yefestile yentsapho nganye ye-alloy.
Ke kukho ilizwe lealloys ezikhethekileyo ezikhankanyiweyo ngemisebenzi efana ne-QSY - esekwe nickel kunye ne-cobalt-based. Ngelixa ingezizo 'intsimbi' ngokungqongqo, zihlala ziwela phantsi kweambrela yokuphosa ingxubevange kubathengi abaninzi. Imigaqo iyafana kodwa yandisiwe. Izinto ezisebenzayo, ulawulo olungqongqo lwe-thermal, kunye ne-HIP ehlala igcwele (i-Hot Isostatic Pressing) ifuna i-post-casting. Ukusebenza ngezi zixhobo kukufundisa ukuthobeka. Umda wakho wemposiso ucutheka phantse ukuba akukho nto. Impumelelo apha, nangona kunjalo, njengokuphoswa ngokuthembekileyo kwe-Inconel 718 turbine blade, yinto eyakha igama le-Foundry ngokunzulu. i-alloy steel investment casting umsebenzi.
Isiqinisekiso sezinto eziphathekayo ngomnye umaleko. Kwiialloyi zomgangatho worhwebo, isatifikethi sokunyibilika sinokwanela. Kwi-aerospace okanye umsebenzi wokukhusela, ujonge ukulandelelwa ngokupheleleyo: inombolo yobushushu, umthombo wesitokhwe sebha, ikhemistri evela kwilebhu eqinisekisiweyo, iikhuphoni zovavanyo lomatshini eziphoswe kubushushu obufanayo kwaye zicutshungulwe ecaleni kwamalungu. Umkhondo wamaphepha ubaluleke njengokuphosa ngokwawo. Yinkqubo eqinisekisa ukuthembeka kodwa yongeza umphezulu obalulekileyo. Awunako nje 'ukubetha' ibhetshi eqinisekisiweyo ye-4340; sisiganeko esibhaliweyo, esilawulwayo ukusuka kwimathiriyeli ekrwada ukuya kuhlolo lokugqibela.
Uyilo lweNgxelo yoYilo
Oku mhlawumbi yeyona nkonzo ixabisekileyo ifumaneka kwisiseko esihle: ukucebisa ngoyilo lokwenziwa kokwenziwa. Iinjineli ziyila umsebenzi, ochanekileyo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha iradiyasi ichazwa njenge-0.5mm ngenxa yokuba inkqubo ye-CAD ayigqibekanga kuyo, kungengenxa yokuba isebenza ngokubalulekileyo. Ukuphosa oko kwintsimbi ye-alloy kucela ingxaki - ukugxininiswa koxinzelelo, ubunzima bokwakha iqokobhe, phantse ukuncipha okuqinisekisiweyo. Siza kutyhala ngasemva, sicebise iradiyasi eyi-2mm enokuphosa ngakumbi, kwaye i-99% yexesha, yamkelwe. Ziingxoxo ezincinci eziphucula inxalenye.
Sakha sayilwa isibiyeli esinesakhiwo esihle, esintsonkothileyo selathisi ukonga ubunzima. Ijongeka intle kwiscreen. Kwintsimbi ye-alloy, yayiyi-nightmare. Amalungu abhityileyo aphole ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, edala iindawo ezibhityileyo, kwaye iqokobhe lalingenako ukuhluthwa ngokuthembekileyo kwimingxuma entsonkothileyo. Sasebenza kunye nomyili, sababonisa iindlela zokungaphumeleli kwiimvavanyo zethu, kwaye ngokubambisana siphuhlise isakhiwo sembambo esilula, esomelele ngakumbi esidibana nokuqina kunye nokujoliswe kuko kobunzima. Inxalenye yokugqibela yaba yimpumelelo, kodwa yayibonakala yahlukile kumbono wokuqala. Yintsebenziswano leyo. Umthombo onje QSY, kunye nembali yayo ende, inika ngokungafihliyo obu bunzulu bamava. Ayikokwenza nje ipateni yewax; imalunga nokukhokela ufezekiso olupheleleyo lwengqiqo.
Isoftware yokulinganisa sisixhobo, hayi umprofeti. Sisebenzisa imodeli yokuqinisa ngokwenkolo. Isibonisa iindawo ezinokuba shushu kunye nezikhokelo zokubeka isinyusi. Kodwa i-database ye-software iyinto eqhelekileyo. Ukuziphatha kwehlabathi lokwenyani lwe-4150 yakho enyibilikayo, kunye ne-recycling yakho ibuyisela umxube, kumanzi wesityalo sakho, yahlukile. Ukulinganisa kukunika indawo yokuqala, i-hypothesis. Emva koko uqhuba ulingo lwehlabathi lokwenyani, iisampulu zesampulu zecandelo, ukulinganisa isithuba sengalo ye-dendrite, kwaye ulungelelanise imodeli yakho ngokwenyani yakho. Yinkqubo eqhubekayo. Ukholo olumfamekileyo kwimephu yokulinganisa yombala ikhokelele ngaphezulu kwesiseko esinye phantsi komngxuma womvundla.
EzoQoqosho kunye nokuSebenza kweHlabathi lokwenyani
Ekugqibeleni, masibe neentloni: i-alloy steel investment casting ayitshiphu. Iindleko zezixhobo zeepateni ze-wax ziphezulu. Le nkqubo ifuna abasebenzi kunye namandla. Yenza ingqiqo yezoqoqosho kuphela xa ufuna indibaniselwano yejometri enzima, ukugqiba kakuhle komphezulu, kunye neempawu zomatshini we-alloy. I-break-even point against fabrication or machining from solid idla ngokujikeleza imiqulu ephakathi - amakhulu ukuya kumawaka ambalwa amaqhekeza. Kwiprototypes enye, ihlala ibiza kakhulu ngaphandle kokuba akukho nkqubo inokwenza inxalenye.
Ixabiso likukumanyaniswa. Kutshanje senze icandelo lebhokisi yegiya elalisenziwa ngokwesiko lasuka kwiziqwenga ezihlanu ezohlukeneyo ezenziweyo ezenziwe ngoomatshini, zidityaniswe kunye. Sayiphosa njengenye utyalo mali ngo 8620, kunye kuphela iijenali ezithwele kunye nemingxuma bolt efuna machining. Siphelise ixesha lokuhlanganisa, imiba yolungelelwaniso, kunye neendlela ezinokuthi zivuze. Iindleko zezixhobo ezingaphambili ziye zafunyaniswa ngexesha lemveliso, kwaye ixabiso lilonke kwiyunithi nganye yehle malunga nama-30%. Nantso indawo emnandi.
Ke, xa uvavanya umthombo, jonga ngaphaya koluhlu lwezixhobo. Buza malunga ne-alloy-specific practice. Buza imizekelo yendlela abayisombulule ngayo iporosity okanye ingxaki yokugqwetheka. Buza ukuba basebenza ngomatshini into abayiphosayo. Iimpendulo ziya kukuxelela ukuba ujongene nevenkile yeempahla okanye iqabane lobugcisa. Ngumahluko phakathi kokufumana i-casting kunye nokufumana icandelo elisebenzayo. Yiloo nto umdlalo ngokwenene.
