Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'izixhobo zentsimbi', baba nomfanekiso wento eshwabeneyo, enzima, kwaye ngokuphandle, yakudala. Leyo yimbono yokuqala ephosakeleyo. Inyani yeyokuba, kwizicelo ezithile zemizi-mveliso, akukho nto ihambelana nokuthomalalisa ukungcangcazela kunye nokumelana nokunxitywa kwento eyenziwe kakuhle. igiya yentsimbi. Ubuqhetseba abukho ekukhetheni isinyithi esityhidiweyo, kodwa ekwazini ngokuthe ngqo ukuba ungayisebenzisa nini kwaye njani. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi ezingagqibekanga kwintsimbi okanye i-ductile iron ngenxa yokuba injineli yayingaqhelananga neenuances zegrey okanye i-ductile iron gradeing. Ayisosisombululo sesixhobo esinye, kwaye ukusiphatha kakubi kuthetha ukungaphumeleli kwangaphambi kwexesha, ingxolo, kunye nexesha lokuphumla elixabisa kakhulu.
Ukhetho Lwezinto eziphathekayo alukho nje Ngamandla
Masithethe ngamabanga. Intsimbi engwevu, njengeKlasi lama-30 okanye lama-35, inalaa mandla abalaseleyo okudambisa ndiwachazile. Kuhle kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukukhala kwegiya koomatshini abakhulu, abanesantya esicothayo-cinga izixhobo zemigodi okanye abahambisi abakhulu. Kodwa awukwazi ukuthatha umzobo wentsimbi yentsimbi kwaye uwugalele ngentsimbi engwevu. Amandla okuqina kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo kusezantsi. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yecandelo lesixhobo sokomisa iphepha. Uyilo lokuqala kwi-iron ephantsi ye-grey yagcina i-micro-cracks kwingcambu yezinyo emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa zokulayisha i-cyclic. Ugxininiso loxinzelelo lwalungumbulali.
Kulapho i-iron ductile (intsimbi ye-nodular) ingena khona. Iziphatha ngakumbi njengentsimbi kodwa igcina enye yaloo mlinganiswa ulungileyo wentsimbi. Sayitshintshela loo giya yokusila yaya kwintsimbi yentsimbi eneferritic-pearlitic matrix, kwaye ingxaki yaphela. Into ephambili yayikukuhlengahlengisa iradiyasi yefillet kwiprofayili yamazinyo ngexesha lesigaba soyilo ukuze ilungele iipropathi zemathiriyeli. Lo asingomsebenzi wenkawu weCAD; kufuna ukwazi ukuba izinto zihamba njani ekubunjeni kwaye apho ukushwabana kunokudala iindawo ezibuthathaka.
Emva koko kukho umdlalo we-alloying element. Ukongeza isuntswana lechromium okanye imolybdenum kunokonyusa ukunganyangeki kunye nobulukhuni, kodwa kukwachaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle. Awukwazi ukucacisa nje ukongeza i-chrome ngaphandle kokuqwalasela yonke inkqubo yekhonkco. Isiseko seqabane, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), yakha yaqaqambisa oku kwibhetshi yezixhobo zokumpompa. Baye babamba ukuba umxholo wethu we-alloy ochaziweyo ungenza ukuba i-CNC ihobe kwaye idale iphupha elibi, livutha ngezixhobo. Isiphakamiso sabo sokulungisa ibhalansi ye-alloy kunye nokulungelelanisa unyango lobushushu emva kokuphosa lugcinwe loo projekthi. Nantso ixabiso lomthengisi onesiseko esinzulu kunye namava omatshini phantsi kophahla olunye.
Indlela yokuphosa ibaluleke ngaphezu kokuba ucinga
Ukuphosa isanti yindlela yokuya kwabaninzi, kodwa kumazinyo egiya afuna ukugqitywa okundilisekileyo komphezulu kunye nokungaguquguquki komda kanye ngaphandle kokungunda, ukubumba iqokobhe (iqokobhe lokungunda) ihlala iyindawo ekrelekrele yokuqala. Isanti ebotshelelwe ngentlaka inika umphezulu ogudileyo, nto leyo ethetha isibonelelo esincinci sesitokhwe somatshini wokugqibela wamazinyo. Ukucutha oomatshini kuthetha ukuba ugcina ulusu olusatyiweyo, oluhlala lolona luqina kwaye luxhathisa kakhulu.
Ndenze impazamo kwangethuba, ndiphatha ukubunjwa njengento nje engenanto. Sayisusa yonke iprofayile yamazinyo kwisanti-cast engenanto kwisixhobo esikhulu sokungenzi nto. Isiphumo? Inxibe ngokungalinganiyo. Umphezulu owenziwe ngokutsha awuzange ube ne-porosity efanayo okanye isakhiwo segraphite njengendawo yokuphosa. Isifundo esifundiweyo: inkqubo yokuphosa linyathelo lokuqala lokuvelisa izinyo legiya, hayi nje ukudala imilo. Apha kulapho indlela edityanisiweyo yenkampani, efana nobungcali be-QSY kuzo zombini iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa kwaye CNC Machining, ibonisa ukubaluleka kwayo. Bacwangcisa iidatum zemachining kunye nezibonelelo ngokuhambelana noyilo lokungunda.
Kwiigiya ezintsonkothileyo okanye ezincinci ezichanekileyo, utyalo-mali lunokuba lukhetho, kodwa ngentsimbi etyhidiweyo, ayiqhelekanga ngenxa yobushushu obunyibilikayo kunye nolwelo. Iqhelekile ngakumbi kwiigiya zabo zealloyi ezikhethekileyo. Inqaku lelokuba, ukhetho phakathi kwesanti, iqokobhe, kunye nokuphosa i-centrifugal kuchaphazela ubume bengqolowa, isandi, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukusebenza kwegiya phantsi komthwalo. Kuya kufuneka utshatise indlela kubungakanani begiya, ubungakanani, kunye nomgangatho wenqanaba.
UMatshini: Apho ithiyori idibana neNyaniso
Apha kulapho amaphupha ejometri egqibeleleyo abetha ubunyani besixhobo sokuncokola. Intsimbi etyhidiweyo iyaphuka. Ukulungisa izinyo legiya, ngakumbi ukubhobhoza okanye ukubunjwa, kufuna ukusetwa okuqinileyo kunye nejeometri yesixhobo esithile ukunqanda ukophuka emiphethweni. Ukupholisa (okanye ukungabikho kwayo) yingxoxo enkulu. Abanye bafunga ngoomatshini abomileyo ngeekhabhidi ezigqunyiweyo ukunqanda umothuko wobushushu kunye nobumdaka bothuli lwentsimbi oluxutywa nesipholisi. Abanye basebenzisa i-high-pressure coolant ukukhupha iitshiphusi kunye nokulawula ubushushu.
Ndingqiyama ngokomileyo okanye i-MQL (ubungakanani obuncinci bokuthambisa) uninzi iinxalenye zentsimbi emva kwamava amabi kunye ne-seapage epholileyo. Sasineqela leentsimbi zentsimbi ezisebenza kwibhokisi yezolimo. Emva komatshini, isisipholisi esishiyekileyo sidityaniswe kwimingxunya yeebholiti kunye neegalari zeoyile. Ibangele ukubola kwendawo ngexesha lokuthunyelwa kwenqanawa, nto leyo eyakhokelela kwisikhalazo esibi. Ngoku, sichaza iiprothokholi zokucoca ngokucokisekileyo kunye nokomisa kwangoko emva komatshini. Ivakala isisiseko, kodwa zezi nkcukacha zenkqubo ezahlula inxalenye elungileyo ukusuka ethembekileyo.
Ukugqiba imisebenzi efana nokusila okanye ukuhoya ngamanye amaxesha kuyafuneka kwizicelo ezinesantya esiphezulu. Kodwa kufuneka ulumke. Ubushushu obugqithileyo bokusila bunokuguqula i-microstructure yomhlaba, ukudala iindawo ezinzima, ezinqabileyo ezinokuphuma. Ngokuqhelekileyo kungcono ukujolisa umgangatho ophezulu owenziwe ngoomatshini ukusuka kwi-hobber okanye kwi-shaper kunokuba ucwangcise ukuyicola yonke. Kwakhona, ibuyela ekuyileni yonke inkqubo ngasemva ukusuka kwindawo yokugqibela efunekayo.
I-Advanteji yoMboneleli oDityanisiweyo
Ukujongana ne-Foundry egalela nje isinyithi kunye nevenkile yomatshini osika nje isinyithi kudala ukungqubana kunye nokukhombana ngeminwe. Xa igiya isilela, umenzi-mveliso utyhola oomatshini, aze umchweli utyhole ngokuphosa. Ukuba nenqaku elinye loxanduva lokuphosa kunye nokusebenza ngomatshini, njengemodeli esetyenziswa ngu QSY, inqumla kuloo nto. Iminyaka yabo engamashumi amathathu ekujuleni nasekuchubekeni kuthetha ukuba babonile ukuba umngxuma wokucwina kwindawo ethile uya kusonakalisa njani isixhobo sokutshiza amanyathelo amathathu kamva. Bangakwazi ukulungelelanisa uyilo lwentloko ye-feeder okanye ulandelelwano lwe-machining ukubuyisela.
Siye sasebenzisana nabo kwiseti yeegiya ezinkulu zokucutha intsimbi erhuqayo kwiwintshi yaselwandle. Umceli mngeni yayikukugcina inkangeleko yamazinyo echanekileyo kunye ne-helix angle kwi-diameter enkulu. Ngenxa yokuba balawula omabini amanqanaba, banokutshiza iiflange ezixhomayo kunye needatum zokuhlola kwindawo erhabaxa kuqala, emva koko basebenzise ezo datha zichanekileyo ukubamba igiya yokusikwa kwamazinyo. Oku kuqinisekise ukugxila kwaye kwasusa impazamo eyongezelekayo. Awukwazi ukulungelelanisa ngokulula elo nqanaba lokudibanisa inkqubo kunye nabathengisi abahlukeneyo.
Umsebenzi wabo nge-alloys ezikhethekileyo ukwazisa umsebenzi wabo wentsimbi. Ukuphatha i-nickel-based alloys ikufundisa malunga nokulawula ukuqina kunye nonyango lobushushu ukulawula uxinzelelo. Olo lwazi luguqulela emva ekuveliseni ukuzinza ngakumbi, ukukhulula uxinzelelo iinxalenye zentsimbi. Yile cross-pollination yobuchule bezinto eziphathekayo ongeza ixabiso elifihlakeleyo.
Iingcinga zokugqibela: Yinkqubo, hayi icandelo
Igiya yentsimbi ayikho kwindawo efunxayo. Ukusebenza kwayo kuboshwe kwi-rigidity yezindlu, ukulungelelaniswa kwee-shafts, iipropati ze-mating gear (ehlala iyintsimbi), kunye nenkqubo yokuthambisa. Ukucacisa imathiriyeli yegiya likhonkco elinye nje. Kufuneka uqwalasele yonke inkqubo yetribological. Umzekelo, iiflakes zegraphite kwintsimbi engwevu zinokusebenza njengesithambiso esiqinileyo ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, eliluncedo, kodwa lenza umphezulu uthande ukuncamathelisa ukuba ifilimu yokuthambisa iyaphuka.
Eyona nto inkulu yokuthatha? Musa ukukhankanya iigiya zentsimbi ezivela kwikhathalogu. Bandakanya neqabane lakho lemveliso kwinqanaba loyilo. Yabelana ngemijikelo yomthwalo, indawo yokusebenza, iimfuno zengxolo. Vumela amava abo asebenzayo akhokele ibakala lemathiriyeli, indlela yokuphosa, kunye nendlela yokwenza. Kusenokuthetha ukukhetha i-iron enexabiso elithe chatha ngaphezulu kwentsimbi engwevu, kodwa ukunqanda ukuvalwa okungacwangciswanga kuhlawulela loo ntlawulo kaninzi.
Ekugqibeleni, uphumelele iinxalenye zentsimbi zivela ekuhlonipheni umlinganiswa okhethekileyo wemathiriyeli kunye nokucwangcisa inyathelo ngalinye lendalo yayo ukuhambelana nalo mlinganiswa. Yinto yokwenza umsebenzi wezandla, hayi nje umyalelo wokuthenga.
